Labor Content Research Articles

The Revolution That Did Not Happen. Labor Insurgency in Late Russian Poland

Abstract Russian Poland was among the most militant tsarist borderlands during the 1905–1907 Revolution in the Russian Empire. However, only a decade later, when revolutionary movements again loomed large and shook the whole region after 1917, Poland remained relatively calm. Forging a new statehood after 1918 rivaled the earlier popular drive toward social revolution. Revolution was aborted in Poland; in other rim regions of the Russian Empire, however, the situation evolved differently, and this scenario should not be taken as self-explanatory. The dynamic of political contention on the ground in the inter-revolutionary decade is the key to understand the pathways of the new state and its society. But the existing accounts deliver only a fragmentary picture, concentrating on the teleology of nation, nation state and its elites or party politics. Meanwhile, the dynamics of labor contention can be hardly squared with unanimous class or national mobilizations. This article addresses this gap drawing from an extensive collection of courses on social unrest and conflict in the Kingdom of Poland based on administrative sources from local Polish and central Russian archives (more than 3300 entries on contentious events). Covering broad available sources, it offers a picture of labor unrest spanning from tinier township workshops, insular, dispersed industrialization of smaller cities harboring quite large mills, to fully-fledged industrial power hubs. The findings show the large heterogeneity of conflict among urban workers. The initial enthusiasm of the 1905 upheaval did not hold sway for long. Workers were tired with the revolutionary mobilization, derailed by the state repression and reluctant to embark on political action again. The lore of 1905 was not an important point of reference for the forthcoming mobilizations. Instead, protests had their own rhythms and spatial patterns, resembling the pre-industrial calendar of festivities turning into insurgencies but also followed pan-imperial causes. Inter-ethnic tensions kicked in: within crews (mostly Polish-Jewish) but above all between rank-and-file workers and foremen, often of German origin. This plurality resulted in various possibilities to build a working class imagined community ranging from a single factory, through branch-wide solidarities, national filiation up to pan-imperial class alliance. Also the tsarist administration, interested in maintaining the basic stability of supply and keep the state going was an important factor. These heterogenous field of tensions did not form any cleavage conductive to singular mobilization. However, it was susceptible to broader political projects binding various claims. Such a project was a new Poland, supported by major parties and perceived by many as nothing less as a revolutionary state for a while promising anti-imperial self-assertion, national rights, political freedom, and social emancipation.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE FUNCTIONING OF THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION

In modern terms, the labour market is a complex socio-economic process that develops within the framework of social reproduction of labour potential. This mechanism creates a link between workers acting simultaneously in the roles of consumers and suppliers of labour resources. In today’s highly dynamic and innovation-oriented economy, there is a need for new forms of labour activity. These forms provide for flexibility, efficiency and constant renewal in the content, structure and types of labour, contributing to the improvement of the quality of human capital and the realisation of the intellectual and creative potential of the population. Innovative economic models supporting these trends have already attracted the attention of many countries striving for post-industrial development. The development of the labour market is determined both by the impact of market forces and government policies aimed at stimulating labour activity and innovation in employment. Additionally, the labour market is undergoing transformations due to globalisation, technological progress and changes in the demographic structure of the population. This requires the adaptation of employment policies and the development of new economic mechanisms to regulate labour relations, taking into account changing skill requirements, the increasing importance of continuous learning and the need to support the balance between labour market flexibility and social protection of workers. Keywords: labour market, employment, labour market regulation, labour market economics, labour market transformation.

труктурно-содержательная трансформация концепта-сценария ТРУД на материале публицистики 1940–2020-х гг.

The article is devoted to the representation of the concept-scenario LABOR in the publicistic contexts of the period 1940-2000s, the main representatives of the concept LABOR, which possess high and low combinability within the framework of publicistic contexts, the linguocognitive model of the scenario is reconstructed, as well as the main changes of the labor scenario. As a result of the analysis of 2000 contexts with representatives of the concept LABOR the conclusions are made that the content of the concept LABOR is subject to dynamic transformations under the influence of extralinguistic factors, which is manifested in the ways of linguistic explication of information relevant to the native speaker of the Russian language. Thus, the article presents a model of the concept LABOR, including separate blocks of the scenario (subject, addressee, process, result, characteristic of labor), shows the transformation of the labor scenario under the influence of external factors. The strongest transformations are exposed in the structure of the concept LABOR to the representation of the subject and addressee of labor, with unique features (collective nature of the subject, separation of the subject and addressee) represented in the period of domination of the Soviet ideological picture of the world.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ ОРИЕНТИРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The most important resource for social development is human capital. The purpose of this work is to outline the directions for the development of human capital in modern conditions. The authors analyzed the documents defining the national digital strategies of the most progressive countries in the world. The main trends in the development of the digital economy that affect labor were identified. It was noted that the content and nature of labor are changing significantly in the digital economy. It was established that the new quality of labor places other demands on the employee as a bearer of human capital. The directions are outlined that ensure the change in human capital in accordance with the requirements of the digital economy.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТАМОРФОЗЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ТРУДА

This article considers the consequences of the transformation of the market-capitalist system, which are affecting an important aspect of socio-economic relations such as labor, labor relations and human labor motivation. The analysis allows us to talk about significant transformations in the socio-economic content of labor and labor relations during the transition to a post–industrial economy in the 21st century, which are caused by the technological revolution and its achievements, on the one hand, and the consequences of the imposed consumer society, on the other.We have called these transformations, which have a contradictory character, metamorphoses. The main question, which we are trying to find an answer is what is the true essence of the results of these transformations: the gradual liberation of labor from the shackles of exploitation or the emergence of new transformed forms of alienation of labor from its humanistic existence?

Philosophical and social comprehension of labor in the creative society (in memory of the professor Tamara Mikhailovna Mikhailova)

The 21st century is characterized by the development of new forms in the social aspects of labor; labor influences the formation and functioning of the development of a creative society in the digital era. Many researchers pay attention to the ideological problem caused by the development of technologies and intelligent systems in the information space, but it is important to pay attention to the societal essence of labor, since labor is not only a means and a process for obtaining material results, but also has broad social significance. Labor forms relationships that determine the social status and identity of the individual; the socio-philosophical content of labor prevents the emergence of a new phenomenon of the precariat and fills it with meaning and value. Labor in a creative society plays a role in creating and maintaining economic stability, increasing self-esteem and self-determination. The article shows the importance of addressing the topic of socio-philosophical aspects of the content of work through the prism of the life path and works of Dr. Tamara Mikhailova, Professor of the Yakutsk State University, later M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. The article uses methods of analysis, synthesis and comparative analysis to consider the basic concepts and ideas related to the philosophy and social essence of labor. The socio-philosophical essence and function of labor in the creative economy of the 21st century requires constant scientific research, the search for new solutions to respond to trends and challenges of society, to improve the quality of human life.

Development of a novel filter insert to enable high throughput testing of thermodynamic solubility

The solubility of a New Chemical Entity is a primary determinant of success or failure in commercialization. Current methods to prepare samples for analysis are high in labor content, complicated to automate and slow to results. Reaction Analytics Inc. with the support of the Enabling Technologies Consortium has developed a novel filter in a vial – the iChem filter insert – to clean samples before analysis without any off-line activity. This project was a success in launching a new product that will enable high throughput testing for Thermodynamic Solubility.

Principles for training PR specialists in libraries (new requirements for the training of industry specialists)

The main purpose of the article is to explore the principles of training PR specialist in libraries. Thus, changes in the socio-economic life of modern society require qualitative transformations in the nature and content of labor, an increase in the level of socio-psychological mobility, and the competitiveness of specialists working in various fields of industrial and social activities. Vocational education is designed to meet the need for human resources in the economic and social spheres. Additionally, in the educational practice of Azerbaijan, the concept "specialist" has long been interpreted as a graduate who has achieved knowledge and success as a result of mastering an educational program. In the context of this work, a librarian is considered a practical librarian who has a special education and is competent in the field of professional librarianship, regardless of the training level (bachelor's, master's). Methods: The article is based on the method of comparative analysis. Application importance: the material can be used in lecturers and seminars in higher education institutions (HEIs). Libraries occupy a large place among non-profit organizations involved in PR activities. Primarily because it has a wide structured network throughout the country. Also, the public trusts the sincerity of the activities of this institution as a non-profit enterprise. It is from this point of view that it is important to use PR technologies and methods of image formation in the process of training specialists. When organizing library and information activities, along with the promotion of existing products and enterprise capabilities by means of PR, such tasks as maintaining a reliable image are also solved. The training of highly qualified library and information specialists in this direction is accompanied by an increase in their demand in the labor market. The article analyzes the issues of training highly qualified specialists in the direction of library and information activities, as competent personnel in the field of PR and in the direction of image formation. It is also important to study viewpoints and research of experienced scientists on this topic, as well as to analyze the experience of leading enterprises in the field of industry. To sum up, we would like to draw the attention of industry experts to the concept proposed in the article.

The changing world of labour in Hungary and Central and Eastern Europe before and after the 1989/90 transition

ABSTRACTThis study examines the social and economic changes experienced by the former class of workers in Hungary and Central and Eastern Europe following the 1989–1990 shift from socialism to democracy. After introducing what common traits characterized the region’s workers during the late period of state socialism, I will analyze in detail the post-communist transition, the processes of both de- and post-industrialization and the various impacts of globalization, including its subsequent realignment of social classes. Questions such as the transformed content of physical labour, the changes involved in identifying as a labourer and the work or survival strategies employed by certain groups of workers will also be briefly addressed.

Views of Final Phase Undergraduate Medical Students’ of Bangladesh about the Socio-Economic and Institutional Factors that Influence Their Future Career

Background: Medical education is one of the most stressful field of education because of its highly demanding professional and academic requirements. There is a significant amount of factors as predictors of medical career decision-making: perceptions of specialty characteristics gained from curricular, extracurricular and personal experiences in health care, personal career needs (e.g Expected income, career options, status, work-life balance, labor content, lifestyle and working hours) and gender. An understanding of the factors which influence doctors’ career choices and how attitudes vary among doctors who choose different specialties, is important for all those involved in the teaching and training of doctors. This study was done to explore views of final phase undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh about the Socio-Economic & Institutional Factors that influence their future career selection.
 Materials and methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 784 students randomly selected from eight medical colleges of Bangladesh, in the period of January 2019 to December 2019 with a pre tested self-administered questionnaire.
 Results: Study revealed that a total of 784 students responded, out of which 318(40.6%) males and 466(59.4%) female. Among them 726(92.6%) students wanted to do postgraduation. The leading reasons for selecting future career were future workload 255(38.2%), future workplace 272(39.8%) social status 242(35.6%) and scope of job 244(36.1%). Career choice also influenced by teachers as a role model 244(34.3%)
 Conclusion: Study recommended that career counseling during and after completion of graduation in the medical college, this stimulate students to gain experiences in different specialties.
 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 62-65

The measurement of labour content: An axiomatic approach

This paper analyses the theoretical issues related to the measurement of the amount of labour used in the production of – or contained in – a bundle of goods for general technologies with heterogeneous labour. A novel axiomatic framework is used in order to formulate the key properties of the notion of labour content and analyse its theoretical foundations. The main measures of labour content used in various strands of the literature are then characterised. Quite surprisingly, a unique axiomatic structure can be identified which underlies measures of labour aggregates used in such diverse fields as neoclassical growth theory, input-output approaches, productivity analysis, and classical political economy.

THE NETFLIX MACHINE: HOW EUROPEAN SCREEN WORKERS INTERPRET AND INTERACT WITH STREAMING DATA

What does the rise of algorithms and data analytics mean for European screen production? This paper examines the experiences of screenwriters, producers, and directors who have collaborated with data-driven streamers like Netflix and Amazon. The findings arise from on an exploration of the following research questions: (1) How do screen workers engage with broader debates about the impact of data-driven streamers (e.g. Netflix and Amazon) on the European screen industry? (2) How do screen workers make sense of their labour conditions and creativity in a streaming era? (3) How do screen workers evaluate the look, feel, and quality of the resulting streaming output? To answer these questions, I mix concepts and methods from media industry studies, production studies, critical data studies, and critical algorithm studies. The project takes the form of a production study that examines how screen workers negotiate the production dynamics in a streaming era. More specifically, I have interviewed 33 screen workers and carried out what Sherry Ortner (2010) calls an ‘interface ethnography.’ My findings especially focus on the multiple barriers to access – for me as a researcher as well as for the interviewed screen workers. It is well established that streamers like Netflix and Amazon hold audience figures and insights close to their chest. This paper demonstrates some of the ways screen workers interpret and interact with data despite this secrecy. Drilling down into these experiences will illuminate how screen workers make sense of their labour conditions and content output in a streaming era.

System of directed loading and rupture of borehole walls for stress assessment in rock mass

Reliable information on the stress–strain behavior of rock mass is one of the top-priority tasks within applied geomechanics and geocontrol. This information enjoys wide application at the project stages and during implementation of all process flows included in mine construction, mineral mining and operation of various-purpose underground structures. Intelligence on the quality and quantity characteristics of stresses in the crust takes a perceptible part in prediction of possible dynamic events, as well as in selection and optimization of solutions on the technique and technology in ground control and stability of mining system structures. The developed procedure of directed loading and rupture of borehole walls for the stress assessment in rock mass can decrease labor content of measurements and increase their timeliness, and can provide the objective information on natural stresses to predict hazardous events induced by rock pressure and to backup geomechanical calculations with the required parameters. Considering the fact that the value of pressure applied by the developed system on the borehole walls in appearance of the Kaiser effect conforms with the value of stresses in intact rock mass, the proposed procedure can enable automated processing of data to eliminate errors and reduce the analysis time.The study was supported by the Foundation for Promotion of Small Businesses in Sci-Tech Environment (Foundation for Promotion of Innovations), Agreement No. 14893GU/2019 dated December 18, 2019, MISIS, Moscow.The author appreciates participation of the Director of the Research Center for Applied Geomechanics and Convergent Technologies in Mining, College of Mining, NUST MISIS, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor V. A. Eremenko, Consulting Advisor to the Chairman of the Board of Global Asia Management, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor V. A. Mansurov and the Head of the Geotechnical Engineering Department of Vertex Gold Company, Kyrgyzstan, E. A. Babkin in this study.

Модифікація структури зайнятості: глобальні тенденції та національні особливості

The article is devoted to the topical problems of employment modification at both the global and national levels. The aim of the study is to clarify global trends and allocate national features of modification of the structure of employment of the population. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis – to clarify the characteristic features of employment at the present stage of civilizational development; general and specific – to define key trends and features of employment modification at the global and national levels; induction and deduction – to identify factors influencing changes in the structure of employment and the content of labor in modern conditions. The key trends in employment modification at the global level are allocated as follows: changes in the content of work under the influence of the latest technologies, remote work, the growth of creative and intellectual industries, the growth of employment in the field of ecology, increase in demand for retraining and training, demographic changes. The author analyses features of modification of the sectoral structure of employment in Ukraine under the influence of globalization factors, world instability, the ongoing war, national features of functioning in an open economy. It is generalized that Industry 4.0 intensifies transformation processes and significantly modifies the structure of employment. The necessity of forming a new system of education and retraining of the workforce for the formation of modern skills and competencies is substantiated.

ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПРАЦІ ЯК СУЧАСНИЙ ВЕКТОР ЗМІН В СОЦІАЛЬНО-ТРУДОВІЙ СФЕРІ

The processes of digitalization of labour, which are currently taking place under the influence of the development and spread of digital technologies, are causing rapid changes in the social and labor sphere, primarily related to the development of digital skills of personnel and an even greater strengthening of the role of human capital and human creativity. The purpose of the article is to study theoretical approaches to the substantive interpretation of the economic category "digitalization of labour", and also to characterize the processes and changes taking place in the labor sphere in the context of the spread of digital technologies. For this purpose, using general scientific and special methods, a study of the substance of the categories of "digitalization" and "digitalization of labour" was carried out (historical and logical method), to identify the factors that contribute to the spread of digital technologies and cause modern changes in the field of labor, as well as to identify and characterize changes in the social and labor sphere that occur in the context of digitalization (classification and analytical method), to illustrate the studied socio-economic phenomena and processes, graphic analytics were used. It is determined that the spread of digital technologies in the field of labor is facilitated primarily by such factors as: globalization processes; technological development, increase in the level of robotization and automation of production processes; higher level of mobility of modern personnel, change in their expectations regarding the content of labour and its organization; development of creative industries. Characterizing the processes in the social and labor sphere that are taking place in the context of digitalization, it is possible to identify, first of all, changes in the traditional division of labour, methods and forms of employment, increased mobility of people of working age, strengthening the role of human capital, and its understanding as a determining factor of production.

ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА

The subject of the study is the types of labor productivity, as well as the essential differences between individual ways of measuring it, including measuring the result and costs of labor activity, the nature and content of the corresponding labor productivity indicators. The purpose of the article is to argue the unacceptability of some methods of measuring labor productivity proposed in the scientific discussion and to identify scientifically sound approaches and parameters that reflect the return of living labor as one of the factors of production. The relevance of this paper is related to the need for measures to activate the economy mainly on the basis of increasing labor productivity in the face of foreign economic challenges and the aggravation of military threats to Russia. The scientific novelty of the article consists in substantiating the refutation of proposals on the use of purely monetary parameters and material components in measuring labor productivity, as well as in arguing the expediency of using the costs of living labor for this and better accounting of its results. The idea of a certain monetary-conjunctural labor efficiency is introduced. The research methods are analysis, systematization, synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result, the scientific parameters of the priority methodological and practical tools for measuring labor productivity for the purposes of state socio-economic policy and corporate governance were determined. The article also formulates the author’s positions on a number of debatable issues related to the inevitability of reducing the cost of production with an increase in labor productivity at the enterprise, the concepts of “productivity” and “labor productivity”, generally accepted standards for measuring the latter, etc.

STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION

Topicality. The rapid development of digital technologies indicates the onset of a new stage of the industrial revolution, which changes the content of labor and human life. The large-scale introduction of such technologies creates favorable conditions for the general processes of automation and robotization of production. It is quite natural to expect fundamental changes in the economy from the coming digital revolution, because the emergence of electronic productive forces will inevitably change the nature and content of social production relations.Aim and tasks. Explore the dynamics of structural shifts in social and production relations in the context of digitalization and analyze the features of the process of replacing the means of production with more high-tech technologies.Materials and Methods. The results of the analysis and theoretical generalization of developments, scientific approaches to the implementation of structural changes in social-industrial relations, which are covered in publications of a fundamental, analytical and practical nature, as well as official statistical data, analytical materials of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Center for Economic Development, McKinsey&Company, UNIDO reports and Robo Advisor Statistics form the material and methodical basis of the research. The study of structural changes in social and industrial relations in the conditions of digitalization was carried out using the methods of scientific abstraction and analysis.Research results. Studies of theoretical and conceptual foundations and structural shifts in the reproduction of means of production in the conditions of digitalization can be divided into several approaches, namely: structural-sectoral, process, technical-technological, virtual-informational and globalization. In the modern world, digital information technologies are gaining more and more development and application, acting as key factors in the formation of the global economic environment. The sector of the digital economy is growing dynamically, the number of users and processes is increasing. Thus, information and digital technologies are becoming a powerful modern engine in all spheres of social and economic life of society, and the world's leading companies define the processes of digitization and informatization as the driving force of modern innovative development, the growth of the competitiveness of the economy, the quality of life of the population, and social progress. The active development of digital information technologies is connected, first of all, with the search by economic entities for new sources and means that would ensure stable and long-term economic growth. A feature of digitization processes as drivers of economic development is that they affect the economic system through changes in the processes of production, circulation, distribution, and consumption and ensure their dynamic interaction. Today, the global digital network is not only a new way of doing business and technology, it is a qualitatively new form of economic relations that functions in an integrated manner, not in isolation, transforming all other traditional sectors and spheres of economic activity, forming a fundamentally new international economic environment.Conclusion. Economic development is directly related to economic structures and the changes taking place in them. The economic system consists of separate industries, departments, industries, enterprises, has a certain structure of production resources and foreign trade, spatial distribution and is regulated by economic rules and regulations. New information technologies go beyond simple digitalization, as they change the institutional structure of the economy and all functional relationships both at the macro and macro levels. 5G, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, Big Data, blockchain determine the direction of development of the information services market, as e-commerce, e-banking, e-education, e-medical services, e-consulting, e-advertising and much more develop on their basis. By moving away from paper-based processes and digitizing the building blocks of their work, businesses can reduce the number of steps previously required to operate, improve turnaround times, significantly increase their efficiency and, ultimately, reduce costs. The digitalization of the economy will help society create a reliable digital environment, optimize and scale operations, make them consistent and secure. Due to digitalization, it becomes possible to accelerate innovation, support start-ups, teach everyone the basics of programming, and introduce digital technologies into the economy. The implementation of all of the above conditions will improve the performance of the entire economic system of the state and gain additional competitive advantages in the global digital world.

Aleksandr I. Moskovskiy: on institutionalism

The article provides an overview and assessment of the legacy of most significant Russian researcher of the past decades in the field of theory and methodology of classical institutionalism — candidate of science in economics, associate professor Alexander Ivanovich Moskovskiy, who worked for many years at the Department of Political Economy at Lomonosov MSU Faculty of Economics. The article shows the original ideas of A. I. Moskovskiy on the correlation of classical political economy, other schools of the heterodox branch of economic theory and neoclassical, methodology and theory of classical institutionalism. Special attention is paid to the research of A. I. Moskovskiy on the relationship between the technological progress, socio-economic processes, as well as the content and role of labor. The article reveals that A. I. Moskovskiy is among the first and most profound researchers who not only criticized the processes of deindustrialization but showed the importance of focusing on rendustrialization of the economy, showing (based on classical institutionalism and modern Marxism methodology) that strategic planning and active industrial policy can become the most important means to solve this problem. The industrial era, during which huge enterprises were the main institutions for maintaining social order, is not coming to an end; that affects employment and the nature of work. At the same time, the scolar did not deny that postindustrial society is now increasingly characterized as a “knowledge society”, in which knowledge and information become a key resource for technological, economic, and social development. An important point relates to the analysis of A. I. Moskovskiy changes in the methods and forms of managing skilled workers in conditions of increasing complexity and knowledge-intensive labor.

Changes in the content of labor and their social consequences for the economic development of the region

Changes in the content of labor and their social consequences for the economic development of the region

Pilot trials of mine support system in decline to Level -830 m in Taimyrsky Mine

Support and reinforcement of underground excavations is one of the main processes in underground mining and construction. Considering the implemented pilot trials and based on the accumulated positive experience gained in support and reinforcement in foreign mines, it is decided to optimize the mine support systems which are in use in the mines of Norilsk Nickel’s Polar Division. The use of novel materials and equipment in mine support systems can enhance mining safety owing to unmanned operation in the unsupported part of roadways, shorten duration of operations connected with scaling and support installation, as well as reduce or totally eliminate manual labor in mine support and reinforcement. The preferable selection of mine support systems should include the modern and most economic options (different rock bolts; rockbolting+reinforcement meshing) featuring the best performance, reduced labor content and materials consumption. Regarding reinforcement of rock mass and reduction in its natural and induced jointing, the method of injection has found wide application. Injection of polymeric resins is assumed to be a promising approach in this respect. This method boasts successful implementation in many mines of Russia, including the mining production units of Norilsk Nickel. Resin injection is a process of deep-earth chemical reinforcement of rocks with synthetic resins. It is found that resin injection reinforcement of rocks makes rock mass a solid structure.The authors appreciate participation of the members of Norilsk Nickel’s Polar Division V. P. Marysyuk, Yu. N. Nagovitsin, M. P. Sergunin, A. A. Kisel, A. A. Bazin and A. A. Kabulov in this study.