Content Of Dry Soluble Substances Research Articles

SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTION MODULE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF BLACK AND GREEN TEA EXTRACTS (Camellia sinensis) WITH HIGH INDICATORS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

It is known that various factors of extraction, such as the type of solvent, temperature, time, solvent system, degree of grinding of raw materials, extraction modulus significantly affect the level of antioxidant properties of plant products. The aim of our study was to select the optimal extraction module for two types of tea (Camellia sinensis), to obtain extracts with high values of total soluble solids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, antiradical activity according to the DPPH method, restoring strength according to the FRAP method. The objects of the study were extracts of two types of tea obtained using water, with a grinding degree of 0.5 mm, an extraction temperature of 40–50 °C, an extraction time of 24 h, and various versions of extraction modules 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 : 20. The indicator of the content of dry soluble substances in black and green tea reaches high values when using the extraction module 1 : 10 (9% and 9.6%, respectively), the maximum amount of phenolic substances (3139 mg (HA) / 100 g and 2045 mg (HA) / 100 g), flavonoids (1644 mg (K) / 100 g and 718 mg (K) / 100 g), tannins (123 mg catechin / 100 g and 56 mg catechin / 100 g) were extracted from black and green tea extracts at extraction module 1 : 10. The highest index of restorative power was observed in black and green tea extracts with an extraction modulus of 1 : 10 (8.73 mmol Fe2+ / kg and 15.84 mmol Fe2+ / kg). At an extraction modulus of 1 : 10, black and green tea extracts exhibited the least antiradical activity (Ec50 = 0.39 mg / cm3 and Ec50 = 0.69 mg / cm3). Thus, we can recommend the value of the module 1 : 10 as the most acceptable for obtaining extracts from black and green tea with a high level of the studied parameters.

Two-year agroecological testing of watermelon varieties selected by the Federal Research Center of Rice and Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station in various soil-climatic zones

In different agro-climatic zones of melon growing, an assessment was carried out and two-year results of agro-ecological tests of watermelon varieties of the Kuban and Volgograd selection were obtained. The cultivars of the Federal Research Center of Rice and Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station, which can be grown and are guaranteed to receive high yields of watermelon in the Central zone of the Krasnodar Territory and the Middle Volga region, are distinguished by yield and quality. Growing varieties of the Kuban selection Nitsa and Yubilyar in the steppe zone of insufficient moisture of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region for two years ensured a high yield of watermelon fruits – 16.0-17.4 t/ha, with a content of dry soluble substances in the fruit pulp of more than 10%. When testing varieties of the Volgograd selection in the Central zone of the Krasnodar Territory, varieties of the late-ripening group Ikar and Rubin showed a stable yield. Under different weather conditions of the growing season, the maximum yield of fruits was obtained. The Volzhanin variety was highly rated for quality with a sugar content of more than 12%, but under extreme weather conditions it may be inferior in yield to the varieties of the Kuban selection. A two-year agro-ecological test of watermelon made it possible to evaluate and identify varieties that are recommended to farmers for a particular growing area.

The effect of storage temperature on the quality of avocado fruits from different climatic zones

Avocado is one of the most valuable products, as it is characterized by a high content of biologically active substances, including vitamins, mineral elements, fats, and dietary fibers. According to a complex of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, the consumption properties of avocado fruits from different countries of origin, which are sold in Ukraine, have been investigated. Among the organoleptic indicators, the state of peel and pulp, taste, and smell has been determined according to the developed scoring scale. It has been established that the Haas type (Colombia) fruits have a light green pulp and a deep green peel that does not lag well behind the flesh, they are quite firm, the taste is watery, and there are no significant defects, the stem is not damaged. Haas (Israel) avocados had light green pulp and a brownish-black peel that separated from the flesh very well, with little evidence of pollination, a nice buttery flavour, and a nice texture. There is a slight peel defect (pollination mark) with an area of less than 4 cm2, which does not affect the fruit's flesh, and the stem is not damaged. The fruit of the Fuerte type (Israel) had a light green pulp and a deep-green peel that did not lag well behind the flesh, a somewhat grassy taste, and a loose flesh texture. The fruit had a defect in the peel (lens) with an area of less than 6 cm2, which does not affect the fruit's flesh, and the stem is not damaged. It has been found that the researched types of avocado fruits from different countries of origin differ in shape, size, and the ratio of peel, pulp, and stone. From the physicochemical parameters, the mass fraction of moisture, the content of dry soluble substances, active acidity, the content of ascorbic acid, and the fatty acid composition of lipids of avocado fruits have been determined.

Source material creation for high content of dry soluble substances F<sub>1</sub> cherry tomato hybrids breeding

Relevance. Consumer demand development of exotic colors presence in modern tomato hybrids requires a timely response from domestic breeders for creating highly effective hybrids. With regard to cherry tomatoes, special attention of breeders is aimed at achieving excellent taste in new hybrids. One of the indicators is the "content of dry soluble substances in fruits". However, there is no information in the literature about the variation of this trait within different color groups of cherry tomatoes. The aim of our work was the creation of initial material for the selection of F1 cherry tomato hybrids with a high content of dry soluble substances.Materials and methods. All measurements were obtained by the refractometric method and presented in the oBrix scale. The study examined 46 F2 splitting cherry tomato populations, including 17 red, 12 yellow, 7 pink, 8 brown, and 2 purple. Analyzing the obtained data, the following statistical indicators were made: the frequency of occurrence of the variant; arithmetic mean; dispersion; the coefficient of variation; sample mean error. Relative error was used to test the sample results obtained.Results. The coefficients of variation of the trait «content of dry soluble substances in fruits» were calculated in each of the five color groups of cherry tomatoes (from 17.43% for brown-fruited to 25.13% for red-fruited). The boundaries of variability and average values of the content of dry soluble substances were determined both within the groups (from 7.2 oBr in pink-fruited to 8.8 oBr in yellow-fruited ones), and for each studied breeding sample. The practical result of the work was selection of the most promising breeding material within different color groups of cherry tomato, combining high values of dry matter with a complex of economically valuable traits.

Application of foliar fertilization with Agrochelate fertilizer on melon seed crops

The results are reflected, which confirm the effectiveness of foliar fertilizing with organic fertilizer Agrohelate for melon plants of early varieties Tamanskaya and Strelchanka. A single treatment of plants in the seed plots in the flowering phase and the beginning of the growth of the first ovary contributed to better pollination. More than half of the fruits with typical varietal characteristics were selected for seed extraction: Tamanskaya varieties – 51.4% and Strelchanka varieties – 51.0%. The mass of fruits in the Tamanskaya variety increased noticeably by 0.16...0.23 kg on average, in the Strelchanka variety – by 0.12...0.42 kg. The data on the increase in the content of dry soluble substances in the pulp of the fruits of the first two harvests of melon variety Strelchanka by 0.8 ... 1.6% are given. In the pulp of Tamanskaya melon fruits, there was a tendency to increase the content of dry soluble substances. Fertilizer Agrochelate had an impact on the seed productivity of melon varieties. In the fruits of the Tamanskaya variety, 122–145 more seeds were ripened, and the number of feeble and unripe seeds was 5.5–7.2% less than in the fruits of the control variant. The number of puny and unripened seeds in the fruits of Strelchanka melon variety was 10% less. In weight terms, on average, 2.6 g more seeds were isolated from each fruit of the Tamanskaya variety than in the variant without treatment. A noticeable increase in the yield of seeds in the variety Strelchanka was not observed. Application of foliar application with organic mineral fertilizer Agrochelate did not affect the mass of seeds. The indicators of sowing qualities of seeds were high in all variants of the experiment: germination energy – from 58.1 to 81.5% and germination - from 90.7 to 97.3%. The analysis of the obtained results substantiates the feasibility of applying top dressing with Agrochelate organic fertilizer.

Factorial analysis of taste quality and technological properties of cherry fruits depending on weather factors

The results of researching the fund formation of dry soluble substances, sugars, and titrated acids in cherry fruits of 10 studied varieties under the Southern Steppe Subzone of Ukraine are given. According to the content of biochemical quality indicators, the following varieties were selected: Modnytsya (the content of dry soluble substances is 17.1%), Ozhidaniye (the content of sugars is 11.7%), and Solidarnost (the content of titrated acids is 1.79%). The cherry fruits units. By conducting a two-factor dispersion analysis, the feasibility of forecasting the content of the principal components of the chemical composition (dry soluble substances, sugars, titrated acids) in the cherry fruits was determined by average values and a factor that maximally impacts the accumulation of the studied indicators was identified during the studies. The dominant influence of weather conditions during research years was determined. Therefore, the taste qualities of the cherry fruits were proposed to forecast by average varietal value. The average and strong correlation dependences of influencing 19 weather factors on the content of the studied biochemical indicators in the cherry fruits were determined. The accumulation dependence models of dry soluble substances, sugars, and titrated acids were built based on the principal component and least-squares methods. The first-rank weather indicators with the maximum influence particles were identified for the studied biochemical quality indicators. The average monthly air temperature in June maximally impacted the fund accumulation of dry soluble substances in the cherry fruits (delta = 9.9%), the content of sugars - the average monthly precipitation in June (delta = 8.5%), on the content of titrated acids - the total number of precipitation days in June (delta = 18.62%). At the end of the flowering phase before fruit ripening and in the last month of fruit formation, humidity indicators had the greatest influence on the accumulation of the studied biochemical indicators in the cherry fruits (June).of Melitopol purpura and Modnytsya have maximum indicators of the sugar-acid index in the range of 8.9-9.3 relative

Obtaining clarified juice from ripe softened persimmon fruits

From such low-yielding fruits as persimmons, juices are obtained by diffusion with water, in which a lot of biocolloids are extracted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to facilitate the separation of the diffusion juice from the ripe persimmon. Food additives E330, E 509, Amylase XML, and Pectinex 5XL were tested for this purpose. The experiments were carried out with ripe persimmons of 4 varieties grown in the experimental farm of the Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing (Guba, Azerbaijan). The tested technology of clarified juice included grinding of ripe fruits for 10-14 minutes in a propeller agitator (500 min-1) with the addition of water in an amount of 30-80 wt.%, heating the mixture to 50-55° C and slow mixing for 30 minutes at this temperature with the introduction of food additives. The data showed that under these conditions, it is quite effective to use both of the above-mentioned enzymes at a concentration of 0.03 % by weight of persimmon. Between the ripe persimmon (regardless of its variety) and water, the optimal ratio is 1:0.3, at which it is possible to obtain primary juice fractions with a content of dry soluble substances (DSS) 12-22 o Brix, which do not need to be restored. It is only necessary to mix them with the expectation of obtaining clarified juice ready for bottling and pasteurization with a strictly regulated content of DSS 16 ° Brix, the yield of which is 80-85 % by weight of the raw material.

Biochemical characteristics of introduced cherry varieties in the Astrakhan region

Cherry is a widespread stone culture, cherry fruits are saturated with nutrients with a rel-atively low caloric content. The article presents and summarizes the data of biochemical studies on the nutrient content of 6 varieties of cherries of domestic selection. The studies were carried out for two years (2020–2021). The plantings were planted according to the generally accepted scheme of 3?5 m. The biochemical composition of cherry fruits was studied (the content of soluble solids, titrated acids, the sum of sugars, ascorbic acid). A sugar-acid index was calculated for each variety. According to the results of the conducted studies, the best varieties were identified according to the biochemical composition of cherry fruits: in terms of the content of dry soluble substances - above 18 % in Dubovochka (control), Lubskaya, Turgenevskaya and Molodezhnaya varieties; low acidity (0.8–1.2) in Loznovskaya, Molozhnaya and Dubovochka varieties (control); in terms of sugar content – Lubovskaya, Turgenevskaya, Miracle cherry and Molodezhnaya (the sum of sugars is more than 10 %). The sugar-acid index of cherry fruits ranges from 5.2–12.1, the content of ascorbic acid is above 16 %. The analysis of the data obtained made it possible to identify cherry varieties Loznovskaya and Molodezhnaya, which have a complex of valuable biochemical indicators of interest for further study, performance of breeding tasks and improvement of the assortment in the conditions of the Astrakhan region.

Efficiency of foliar application with organic fertilizer agrochelate on seed plots of summer sowing watermelon

Relevance. In the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory, the mobility and availability of the main elements of mineral nutrition can be limited in certain phases of the growing season of melons and gourds, especially with a decrease in soil moisture and high temperatures. An important additional and corrective element of nutritional technology is foliar feeding, which increase the absorption of fertilizers during critical periods of plant growth and development.Material and methods. The purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of foliar application with organic fertilizer AGROCHELATE to maximize the biological potential of watermelon varieties on seed plots during summer sowing. The research was carried out at the seed-growing area of the vegetable growing department in the "Federal Scientific Rice Centre" in 2020-2021. The object of research was selected varieties of watermelon selection “Federal Scientific Rice Centre” Tersky early and Yubilyar with a growing season of 65-75 days. Organic fertilizer AGROCHELATE was used to treat the leaf surface of plants with a consumption rate of 100 ml/ha. A single spraying was used during the flowering phase of the plants. For the isolation of seeds, fruits were selected that were characteristic of the varietal phenotype in the phase of biological ripeness: in shape, size, color and pattern of the bark, color of the pulp, size and color of seeds.Results. In the Terskiy early variety, during spring sowing, fruits weighing 3.5-4.0 kg are formed. With summer sowing, the weight of fruits was significantly inferior and did not exceed 2.36 kg. The size of the Yubilyar watermelon fruit corresponded to the declared varietal parameters. The use of foliar application with organic fertilizer AGROCHELATE during the flowering phase did not affect the fruit weight. Analysis of the results of the content of dry soluble substances (DRS) in the pulp of the fruits showed a positive varietal response to the use of feeding. The share of influence on the improvement of the pulp quality indicator was 64.1%. On seed plots, after application of fertilizing with organic fertilizer AGROCHELATE, 0.81-3.09 t more than from control plots, selected fruits corresponding to varietal characteristics. The seed yield is largely influenced by the number of fruits selected for seed isolation. A one-time application of sheet processing made it possible to select a larger number of fruits on the Tersky Early variety - by 289 pieces./ha, on the Yubilyar variety – by 495 pcs./ha. Treatment of plants with organic fertilizer AGROCHELATE in the flowering phase contributed to an increase in the number of seeds in each fruit in the Tersky early watermelon by 19-127 pieces, in the Yubilyar variety by 9-111 pieces, respectively. Unripe seeds in fruits by varieties were 0.9-5.0% less than in untreated plants. In general, watermelon seeds obtained during summer sowing, regardless of the use of agricultural practices, corresponded to the elite category that can be used to grow marketable products.

The content of the main chemical elements in sweet cherry fruits of different ripening periods

The level of biochemical composition of sweet cherry fruits of different ripening periods was investigated. It has been established that the content of chemical elements in sweet cherry fruits depends on a number of factors. Fruits ripening period is listed frstaming the features of the pomological variety. Weather conditions during the formation and ripening of sweet cherry fruits have a signifcant effect on the content of chemicals. The variety Melitopolskaya krapchastaya was revealed to have a high content of dry soluble substances among all the studied varieties. In the group of late-ripening varieties, the smallest difference in the amount of acidifed acids in fruits between varieties is observed. The high content of organic acids was recorded for the Donetsk Ember variety, and the lowest one for the Turquoise variety. On average, for the varieties of different ripening periods, the highest content of organic acids was noted for early ripening varieties, and the lowest one for late ripening varieties. Having considered all the studied varieties as a whole, it can be asserted that the content of titratable acids was the highest in the fruits of the mid-ripening variety Alenushka, in relation to all other varieties; the lowest amount of organic acids was recorded for the late-ripening varieties Amazonka. The sugar content in the fruits of late-ripening sweet cherry varieties exceeded the average values of the groups of early-ripening and mid-ripening varieties. The mid-ripening variety Mirage was characterized by a high content of vitamin C, and the lowest value of this component of the chemical composition was obtained for the early-ripening variety Mlievskaya yellow. Taste qualities and biochemical composition of fruit and berry crops largely depend on the characteristics of the variety and climatic conditions of cultivation.The early ripening varieties Dar Mliyeva and Zoryana received the maximum tasting assessment. In the group of mid-ripening varieties, the Melitopolskaya krapchastaya variety was highly appreciated, and among the late-ripening varieties, the Turyuza variety. Key words: cherry varieties, dry soluble substances, sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, sugar-acid coefcient.

Comparative varieties characteristics of watermelon accessions of ukrainian and foreign breeding

Aim. Evaluation of the common watermelon gene pool in terms of yield, marketable fruit weight and dry soluble matter content and isolation of the most valuable accessions for use in breeding programs. Results and Discussion. The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of 153 samples of common watermelon of Ukrainian and foreign selection in terms of yield, weight of marketable fruit and the content of dry soluble substances. One accession with very high level of fruit yield (> 113% to the standard) was selected – accession Lad (62,3 t/ha) from Ukraine. With high level of yield (> 101% to the standard), samples from Russia were selected: Solntsedar (55,7t/ha), Podarok Solntsa (58t/ha) and Samurai (58,3t/ha). With yield closed to the standard (97,7%) there was a sample from Russia – Shapka Imperatora (53,5t/ha). The mass of marketable fruit, 5 samples were the best: Solntsedar (2,5 kg), Lad (2,6 kg), Yatum (2,86 kg), Samurai (3,04 kg), Podarok Solntsa (3,99 kg). According to the content of dry soluble matter, samples from Ukraine were selected as a source for breeding: Alyi solodkyi (14%) and accession from Czech Republic Sugar baby (15%). According to the complex of features (consistently high yield, high taste), the following samples are of practical value for breeding: Lad, Yatum, Alyi solodkyi (Ukraine); Solntsedar, Podarok Solntsa, Samurai (Russia), Sugar baby (Czech Republic). Conclusions. Based on the results of the study of 153 collection accessions of common watermelon during 2018–2020. Accessions were selected: 4 by yield (55,7-62,3t/ha), 5 by fruit weight (2,51-3,99 kg), 2 by content of dry soluble matter (14-15 mg%), 7 by complex of valuable features.

Evaluation and characteristic of economically valuable signs of muscular and large-freeded portion size lines

Relevance. In the consumer market, there is a popular pumpkin in portion sizes weighing 1.0 to 2.5 kg. To meet the needs of the population and producers in pumpkin fruits, F1 varieties and hybrids with high economically valuable traits, portion size and manufacturability in production and processing are needed.Material and methods. The purpose of the research is to analyze, isolate and select the best breeding samples for creating parental lines of butternut pumpkin and large-fruited portion size.The experiment was carried out at the selection plot of the FSBSI "Federal Scientific Rice Centre" from 2015 to 2019. The objects of research were cultivars, hybrid populations, cultivars and samples obtained from different sources.Results. Lines with a number of economically valuable traits are highlighted, including portion size, productivity, biochemical parameters and commercial attractiveness of fruits. According to the length of the growing season, all inbred lines were divided into 3 groups: early maturing, mid-maturing, late maturing. In terms of productivity, the following lines stand out: KrChkh, BatS, La. The following lines were distinguished by the content of dry soluble substances (SRV, mg%): KrChkh, LaChkh, BatS, LaN. In muscat lines, the number of marketable fruits per plant varied from 3.3-5.7 pcs / plant. According to keeping quality, the test samples were divided into several groups: the least keeping quality among the studied samples was the line 15-5 (105 days); in fruits of lines 24-3, 16-5, 15-1, the safety of fruits increased to 116-126 days. The 28-2 line (162 days) was the highest keeping quality. The rest of the lines were attributed to medium bikes (133-148 days). All selected lines were characterized by a female type of flowering, multi-fruiting, short-leaved and good keeping quality of fruits. The KrChx line has a pronounced leaf aerenchyme. The organoleptic analysis showed that all the lines identified have a high score of 4.5-5. All commercially valuable traits in the lines are fixed with an inward.

ЗМІНА ЯКОСТІ ПЛОДІВ ВИШНІ ЗА ПОПЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОБРОБКИ ПОЛІСАХАРИДНИМИ КОМПОЗИЦІЯМИ ПРОТЯГОМ ЗБЕРІГАННЯ

В статті показано вплив обробки розчином карагенану на фізико-хімічні показники якості плодів вишніпротягом зберігання. Для дослідження були відібрані плоди вишні сортів Альфа і Пам’ять Артеменка. Законтроль приймали необроблені плоди. Інші – покривали розчином до складу якого входив карагінан та глі-церин. В розчин занурювали плоди вишні, витримували 1−2 хв, виймали, давали стекти та сушили потокомповітря, створеного штучно вентилятором. Потім плоди поміщали в ящики і зберігали при температурі 1,0±0,5 °С при відносній вологості повітря 95,0±1,0 %. За результатами досліджень втрати маси плодіввишні сортів Альфа і Пам’ять Артеменка, оброблених розчином карагенану, після 15 діб зберігання, порів-няно із контрольним варіантом, були меншими на 40,0−35,7 %. За обробки їх 2,0 % розчином карагенанувони нижчі на 45,2−42,9%. Після 28 добового зберігання за обробки розчином карагенату втрати масискладали 22,6−35,7% та 29,0−42,9 %. Щільність плодів вишні протягом зберігання зменшилась на41−45,5 %. В оброблених плодах вишні 1,0 % розчином карагенану втрати її були менші – 18,8−31,1 %, а2,0 % розчином на 15,2–17,1 %. Після зберігання, оброблених плодів вишні сортів Альфа і Пам’ять Артеме-нка, коефіцієнт світлопропускання знизився незначно на 2,7 і 8,6 %, порівняно з необробленими плодами. Іззміною щільності та колірності вміст сухих розчинних речовин в плодах вишні сортів Альфа і Пам’ятьАртеменка знизився на 8,9–10,6 %. На 15 добу зберігання за обробки 1,0 % та 2,0 % розчином карагенанувтрати складали 5,5–6,8 % та 4,9–5,5 %. Після 28 діб втрати їх вмісту ще вищі – 6,2–7,4 %. Більш економ-ніше витрачалися сухі розчинні речовини за обробки плодів 2,0 % розчином карагенану – 5,5–6,2 %.Отже, плоди вишні, оброблені розчином карагенану мали довший період зберігання. Порівняно ізнеобробленими, на 29,0−42,9 % менші втрати маси. При обробці плодів розчином карагенану зберег-лася їх щільність та блиск. Тому перспективним є продовження досліджень данного напрямку із збе-рігання плодів вишні, оброблених розчином карагенану.

Исследование химического состава репы, обработанной селенитом натрия, методом атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии

The paper presents data on the study of the chemical composition of Petrovskaya turnip variety when using non-root treatment of vegetating plants with a selenium-containing solution. Treatment of plants was carried out with a solution of sodium selenite with a concentration of 0.0005 and 0.001% by Se. The experiment was carried out according to the following scheme: 1) NPK (background) – control variant; 2) NPK + NRT Se 0.0005%; 3) NPK + NRT Se 0.001%. As a background macro fertiliser, nitroammophosca was added to the soil at the rate of 30 g/m2. In the background options the treatment of plants was carried out with distilled water. The content of selenium in turnip roots was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. It is shown that when treated with a solution of sodium selenite, the selenium content in the product part of plants in the variant of NPK + Se 0.0005% increased by 1.5 times, and in the variant of NPK + Se 0.001% – by 1.8 times compared to the control variant. It was found that non-root treatment of vegetating plants with selenium-containing solution led to a decrease in the content of dry matter in turnip roots by 1.5-1.6%, and the content of dry soluble substances remained at the level of the control variant. At the concentration of selenium in the 0.0005% solution, the content of ascorbic acid in root crops decreased by 7%, and the content of nitrates increased by 10.1% relative to the control variant. An increase in the concentration of selenium in the 0.001% solution led to a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in root crops by 15.9% and an increase in the content of nitrates in them by 20.6% compared to the control variant.

Вплив погодних умов на формування компонентів хімічного складу плодів вишні

Goal. To determine the influence of weather conditions on the formation of the components of the chemical composition of cherry fruits. Methods. The study was carried out in 2016–2018 at the Experimental station named after L. P. Symyrenko of the Institute of horticulture of NAAS with cherry fruit of mid-season varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka. The fruits were harvested in the first decade of July in the consumer stage of maturity. For the fruits they determined the following: the content of dry soluble substances using refractometer RPL-3M; the total content of sugars — using ferricyanide method; the content of titrated acids — using titrometric method; the content of ascorbic acid — using iodometric method; the content of tannins and pigments — using the method of Neubauer and Leventhal. Results. Weather conditions at the phase of maturation influence the quality of cherry fruits. Strong and inverse correlation is fixed between the content of dry soluble substances and hydrothermal coefficient of the phase of ripening of fruits of cherry of variety Alpha (–0,58±0,61) and variety Pamiat Artemenka (–0,78±0,44). Strong connection (0,94±0,23 and 0.99±0,15) is observed between the content of tannins and pigments and the hydrothermal coefficient in the phase of ripening of fruits of cherry of varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka. An important indicator of fruit quality of cherry is the content of titrated acids. Their formation is influenced by weather growing conditions. In particular, due to the considerable moisture in 2018, compared with 2016 and 2017, the content of titrated acids was higher on 14.5 and 15% for fruits of variety Alpha, and on 14 and 10% — for fruits of variety Pamiat Artemenka. Fall-out during the growing season and in the ripening phase strongly correlated with the content of titrated acids of fruits of varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka with correlation coefficient r=0,81±0.4 and r=0,94±0,23, and r=0,64±0,56 and r=0,39±0,74. Conclusions. Equations of regression are built, which for the titrated coefficient of the ripening phase allow determining the content of dry soluble substances, tannins and pigments in the fruits of cherry of varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka.

QUALITY INVESTIGATION OF FROZEN GARDEN STRAWBERRIES AT PARTIAL DEHYDRATION BEFORE FREEZING

Garden strawberry is an important berry culture, consumed fresh and frozen. But a quality of frozen berries is not always at the high level because of changing organoleptic properties, tissues structure and biological active substances losses. It motivates searches for different methods of previous processing of berries before freezing. There was used a production technology of frozen strawberry with partial dehydration before freezing for solving the problem. Garden strawberries of varieties Rusanivka, Honey and Polka were dried on air before freezing (“control” variant), and another part was partially dehydrated in a drying chamber at temperature 40 °С during 30 min (“partial dehydration” variant) with further freezing to final temperature - 18 °С, with packing in packages of polyethylene film with a mass up to 500 g and storing in a refrigerator at temperature -18 °С during 6 months. There were studied main parameters of the chemical composition of fresh and frozen strawberries: content of dry soluble substances, sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid and sugar-acidic index. Organoleptic quality parameters of frozen strawberries were assessed by the 5-point scale. The experiment was repeated trice. It has been established, that frozen strawberries, partially dehydrated before freezing, saved by 0.2–0.3 % more dry soluble substances, by 0.2 % – sugars, by 7.0-7.9 % – ascorbic acid at a practically equal level of organic acids. The organoleptic mark of frozen partially dehydrated strawberries was by 0.2–0.3 points higher against the control. Among the studied varieties of strawberry, Polka berries got a mark higher by 0.2–0.9 points.

Changes in quality indices of frozen cherry fruits under their surface treatment with sodium alginate solution

Cherry fruit are valuable crop for technical processing, which quickly deteriorate during storage. Therefore, it is possible to extend the processing time by developing new technologies for raw materials storage and processing. Freezing is among the technologies . The purpose of the research is to assess the quality of frozen cherry fruit under their treatment with sodium alginate solutions. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of frozen cherry fruits treatment with sodium alginate solution on their physical and chemical parameters. The studies were conducted during 2016−2018 on cherries fruits of the Alpha and Memory Artemenko varieties selected at the Pomology Research Station named after L.P. Symyrenko. Cherry fruit were immersed in a 2, 3 and 5 % sodium alginate solution and kept for 5−10 minutes. They were further removed and packaged into 0.5 kg plastic bags and frozen at −24 °C, followed by storage at −18 °C. In frozen cherry fruits, the water-holding capacity for the Memory Artemenko varieties is 5.6 % and 9.5 % for Alpha , which is 2.3–2.5 % higher than the processed fruits with a solution of sodium alginate. The content of dry soluble substances in the cherry fruit varieties of Pamyat’ Artemenko and Alpha made 15.89 and 15.84 %. During the freezing, it decreased by 4.2–5.2 %. In the processed cherry fruit they were slightly less – 0.6−1.9. The content of titratable acids in the cherry fruit variety of Memory Artemenko and Alpha was 1.74 and 2.02 %. During the freezing, their content decreased by 18.8−19 %. Cherry fruit treated with sodium alginate had a smaller loss in the content of titratable acids of 8.9−16 %. The smallest losses of 8.9–9 % were in cherry fruit pre-treated with 5 % sodium alginate solution. Cherry fruit pretreatment with alginate solution before their freezing made it possible to improve the quality of cherry fruit while maintaining water-holding capacity by 2.3–2.5 %, dry soluble substances by 0.6–1.9 %, and titratable acids by 8.9–16 %, ascorbic acid − 8,1–17,4%. Key words: cherry fruit, alginate, soluble substances, acids, water-holding capacity.

Фізико-хімічні показники яблук сорту хонейкрісп залежно від режиму охолодження та післязбиральної обробки інгібітором етилену

Honeycrisp is an apple cultivar of American selection with a unique texture and high turgor of flesh, which provides high consumer demand. However, due to the non- simultaneous onset of harvest maturity, the fruits of this variety require multiple harvesting, sensitive to post-harvest cooling, and during storage they are affected by bitter pit, low-temperature burn and flesh browning. Consumers usually prefer to have firm, juicy, tasty and aromatic apples with flesh firmness not less than 4.5 kg / cm 2 . The firmness of the fruits cv. Honeycrisp for sale in the supermarkets should be higher than 6.2 kg/cm 2 . The effect of harvest time, cooling mode and post-harvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the change of flesh firmness, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity in apples cv. Honeycrisp during storage was investigated. The research was conducted in the storage season 2014/2015 at the Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture of Uman National University of Horticulture. Honeycrisp apples were collected and stored in a branch of the Department - the farm «Yanis», Khotyn district, Chernivtsi region. The apples were harvested from the same trees at harvesting maturity (first collection) and a week later (second collection), taking into account firmness of the flesh, content of dry soluble substances and iodine-starch test. Fruits of homogeneous ripeness degree of the highest commercial grade were selected from typical trees of pomology varieties, accounting units were immediately formed and examined for damage, and placed into paper lined boxes. On the day of collection, the products were cooled to 5 °C overnight, followed by the storage at 2 ±1 ° С and relative humidity 85-90 % (conventional method) or cooled down slowly with a seven-hour exposure at 10 °С and its subsequent decrease by 1 °С per day to storage temperature 2 ±1 °С. After three days of loading the refrigerator, half of the products were treated with 1-MCP on the recommendation of the manufacturer of the drug «SmartFresh». After 24-hours exposure, the container was removed and the fruits, which were traditionally cooled, were stored in a chamber at temperature of 2 ±1 °C and relative humidity of 85-90 %, and the samples with slow-cooling were maintained in accordance with the procedure described above. Non-treated (control) and experimental products were placed side by side, since ethylene has no effect on 1-MCP processed fruit. Apple organoleptic evaluation was carried out on a ten-point scale after two months of cold storage. The impact of the studied factors was evaluated by the multivariate analysis of variance based on the program «Statistica-6». It has been found out that, after six months of cold storage, regardless of the picking date, the cooling mode and the post-harvest treatment of 1-MCP, the flesh firmness of apples cv. Honeycrisp within 7.9-8.9 kg satisfies the requirements of the trading network. Post-harvest treatment of the fruit with an ethylene inhibitor does not improve the maintenance of the indicator. After six months of storage, the total soluble solids was found to be higher in the slowly cooled fruits of mass collection, regardless of the 1-MCP treatment. With the same cooling method, the content of soluble solids was 1.1 time higher in late harvested fruits, and post-harvest treatment of 1-MCP somewhat contributes to maintaining their level only in traditionally cooled fruits of late pick. After six months of storage, the highest content of titratable acidity is ensured by the traditional cooling of the fruits of the mass collection period without 1-MCP treatment. The loss of organic acids was faster in slowly cooled apples of mass collection. Post-harvest treatment of 1-MCP only slightly helps preserve the acidity of slowly cooled apples of both harvesting periods. The effect of harvesting time and cooling mode on the change in the apple firmness increases with the increasing of storage duration. The indicator mainly depends on the harvesting time and much less on the cooling mode (the effect at the end of storage was 32.3 and 8.6 %, respectively). The change in the content of total soluble solids and titratable acidity depends mainly on the harvesting time (after six months of storage, the effect was 82.1 and 64.5 %, respectively).

Improvement of the technology of garden strawberry jam in combination with apple puree

Strawberry jam is the most popular and valuable product of processing from strawberries, the technology of production of which involves the use of pectin solution to form the necessary jelly-like consistency, which, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in production costs and complication of manufacturing process. To solve the problem, we proposed the technology of production of strawberry jam from strawberries with the replacement of pectin solution with apple puree in the quantity of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 % of the weight of berries followed by boiling to the content of dry soluble substances of not less than 62 %, packing in a glass container with the capacity of 250 cm 3 , sealing, sterilization and storage at the temperature of 20±1 °C. The experiment should be repeated thrice. We studied the content of dry soluble substances, sugars, organic acids, and ascorbic acids in jams. The organoleptic indicators of jam quality were assessed by the 5-point scale. The results were analyzed by the Tukey criterion at the significance level of 5 % (p≤0.05). It is determined that by the content of dry soluble substances, jams meet the requirements of DSTU 4900, according to which mass fraction should be not lower than 62 %, of sugars – 56.2–57.2 %, titrated acids – 0.6–0.8 %, ascorbic acids – from 30.0 to 38.7 mg/100 g at its preservation at the level of 47.7–55.5 %. The study of organoleptic quality indicators showed that the addition of apple puree in the amount of 20 % and higher led to an increase in the estimate of jam consistency, which was caused by the formation of the necessary jelly-like consistency. However, the addition of puree of over 25 % resulted in a decrease in overall score due to deterioration in the appearance of jams. It was proved that 25 % of apple puree should be added in order to obtain optimum jelly-like characteristics of strawberry jam

Productivity of apple tree of idared variety under different fertilization in repeatedly cultivated plantations

The results of the long-term studies of yield formation and fruit quality of Idared apple variety on seed and vegetative M4 wilding for re-cultivation on mineral nutrition, created by long-term application of various fertilizer systems on dark gray podzolic soil in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been considered. Throughout the growing period of the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden organic (40 t/ha of cattle manure) and mineral fertilizer (N120R120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60R60K60) have bben used. Organic fertilizer had the most positive effect on the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile nutrients, soil reaction, soil biological activity) and, accordingly, increased the yield of trees on seed wilding - by 27.7% and on wilding M4 - by 24.4% compared with the yield in the control version without fertilizer and, respectively, by 11.0 and 10.4% compared with the variant of mineral fertilizer. The level of yield capacity of organic and mineral fertilizer was intermediate. In the same pattern, the quality of apples improved a bit: size, yield of the highest and first commodity varieties, the content of dry soluble substances, sugars and organic acids. Key words: apple tree, fertilizer, wilding, yield, fruit quality.