Curriculum Content Research Articles

Lost in translation: a national cross-sectional study on medical interpreter use by pediatric residents.

Lack of communication in a family's preferred language is inequitable and results in inferior care. Pediatric residents provide care to many families with non-English or French language preferences (NEFLP). There is no data available about how Canadian pediatric residents use interpreters, making it difficult to develop targeted interventions to improve patient experience. Our purpose was to assess translation services in pediatric training centers and evaluate resident perception of their clinical skills when working with NEFLP patients and families. This survey represents the first collection of data from Canadian pediatric residents about interpreter services. Eligible participants included all pediatric residents enrolled in an accredited Canadian pediatric training program. An anonymous survey was developed in REDCap© and distributed via email to all pediatric residents across Canada. Descriptive statistics were performed in STATA v15.1. 122 residents responded. Interpreter services were widely available but underused in a variety of clinical situations. Most (85%) residents felt they provided better care to patients who shared their primary language (English or French), compared with families who preferred other languages-even when an interpreter was present. This finding was consistent across four self-assessed clinical skills. Residents are more confident in their clinical and communication skills when working with families who share their primary language. Our findings suggest that residents lack the training and confidence to provide equal care to families with varying language preferences. Pediatric training programs should develop curriculum content that targets safe and effective interpreter use while reviewing non-spoken aspects of cultural awareness and safety.

Undergraduate Nursing Student Reflections on Indigenous Peoples' Experiences With the Canadian Health Care System.

The aim of this study was to analyze nursing student level of knowledge and understanding of current experiences of Indigenous people within the Canadian health care system to identify curricular gaps that need to be addressed. In response to the 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, nursing schools have begun incorporating Indigenous health content into curricula. However, few studies about the implementation and effectiveness of this education exist. Students wrote a reflection and engaged with colleagues' reflections after watching a video from the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network. Fifteen reflections were selected using systematic, random sampling to undergo thematic analysis. Two themes were identified: 1) students' understanding of barriers Indigenous populations face when accessing the health care system and 2) students' perceptions of strategies to ensure culturally safe care for Indigenous populations. Analysis of students' learning through a reflection activity can improve the Indigenous health content curriculum.

Social Studies and Citizenship Education: Its Role in Entrenching Right Democratic Values in Students

This paper investigated social studies and citizenship education’s role in entrenching right democratic values in students. Over time, there has been expressed dissatisfaction by the Edo people that the government officials and representatives do not reflect public choice. There are also situations where individuals show up for voter’s registration and still fail to vote when the time comes. Nigeria has continuously been plagued by electoral malpractices and a whole lot of misconduct which gives the impression that social studies education has not made a remarkable impact. The paper examined the concept of social studies, civic and citizenship education, attitude towards voters’ registration, attitude towards the rule of law, attitude towards voting, attitude towards the electoral process and good governance in Nigeria, and concluded that social studies curriculum content be broadened to address the issues of political education.

Compliance of New Media Art Course in Chinese Middle School

Since the 21st century, with the rapid rise of the Internet, a variety of new media continue to appear, especially the rise of network media and electronic equipment, which has brought great changes to human information dissemination and communication, and made mankind enter a new era of information dissemination. In this era, in addition to using computers as a tool for art creation, art educators began to study the application of new media such as computers and networks in art classroom and teaching practice.In order to adapt to the development trend of international art education, China has added the content of new media art education in art curriculum standards, middle school art textbooks and middle school art courses. However, compared with the developed countries in the world, the current middle school new media art education in China generally has some problems, such as low attention, limited teaching content, lack of teacher training courses and so on. These problems have seriously affected the development of middle school new media art curriculum and teaching in China.Since the 2022 version of the art curriculum standard clearly puts forward the content of the new media art curriculum, the focus of this paper is how schools and teachers adapt to the curriculum standard and solve the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the new media art curriculum standard.

Undergraduate Medical Education Curriculum Reforms in Pakistan: A Mixed Methods Study of Academic Leadership Perspectives.

Periodic revision of undergraduate medical education (UGME) curricula is an essential part of evidence-based educational practices. Pakistan's national UGME curriculum, last updated in 2005, was reviewed, and recommended updates were made in 2022. The authors explore academic medical school leaders' perspectives about the proposed reforms, gaps within the existing curriculum, and how to ensure the reform implementation is effective, collaborative, and feedback-driven. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from April to July 2022. Academic leadership (principals, who could designate vice principals or medical educators) at all medical schools across Pakistan (n = 117) were invited. Agreement with each of 20 proposed reforms was measured via a survey employing a Likert scale. A semistructured interview guide expanded on the survey questions with probes. Eighty-eight survey responses, from private (59; 67.0%) and public (29; 33.0%) institutions, were obtained (75.2% response rate). Participants recommended most of the proposed reforms. The 3 reforms that received the highest agreement were teaching professionalism as an integral part of the curriculum (83; 94.3%), mandating bedside procedural skills training (80; 90.9%), and including patient safety in the UGME curriculum (79; 89.8%). Including multidisciplinary tumor boards and surgical oncology had the lowest agreement (26; 29.5%). Fifteen interviews were conducted, which revealed 3 major themes: perceptions about changes to the curricular content, limitation of human and financial resources as barriers to reform implementation, and recommendations for effective implementation of an updated curriculum. The findings reflect an overall positive attitude of academic medical school leadership toward the 20 proposed UGME curriculum reforms, which could aid with on-the-ground implementation. However, major limitations, such as a lack of trained faculty and financial resources, must be addressed. The authors propose future research on the resources required for implementing UGME reforms and the reforms' impact after national implementation.

Do Peers Influence the Development of Individuals’ Social Skills? The Potential of Cooperative Learning and Social Learning in Elementary Schools

Promoting social skills in addition to teaching curricular content is challenging for elementary-school teachers. Teaching methods that implicitly foster social skills could support teachers and students alike. Peer influence and social learning, as a mediating peer-influence mechanism, could be beneficial. If peers can show their social skills in class, students with lower social skills could adopt their skillset. An intervention study investigating the peer influence effect of cooperative learning on the development of social skills was conducted with 558 students (Mage = 8.66; 49,3% female) of 26 classes. Over the course of four weeks Cooperative Learning was implemented daily in intervention classes to determine the effects of peer influence as well as additional effects of Cooperative Learning on the development of social skills. The results suggest that students with low social skills can benefit from Cooperative Learning if they are taught in highly socially skilled classes. The article discusses possibilities to enrich Cooperative Learning to benefit all students.

Science Teachers’ Understanding of Creative Thinking and How to Foster It as Mandated by the Australian Curriculum

ABSTRACT Developing students’ creativity is an important educational goal in many countries. The Australian Curriculum Authority has mandated that all teachers teach creative thinking across all subjects and grades. However, after more than 10 years working within this mandate, how do science teachers see their role in promoting creativity in the classroom? This study reports interviews with 13 Australian science teachers, from three jurisdictions, about how they understand creativity, the activities that they use and barriers to supporting creative thinking in classrooms. The findings showed that, although teachers were able to identify many of the elements of creativity and creative thinking described in the literature, many still felt unsure of what creative thinking entails. For class activities that foster creative thinking most teachers focused on project-based or inquiry learning which require long periods of class time to complete. Less emphasis was given to the importance of developing creative thinking skills in making hypotheses by supporting construction of meaning, providing personal insights and explanations through the use of possibility thinking, mental images, analogies when teaching curriculum content. The Australian Curriculum documents themselves give guidance suggesting that creative thinking in science is mainly developed through inquiry-based activities. It is imperative that schools give more support to teachers to understand and develop creative thinking tasks, including time, resources, professional learning, and accountability systems.

Comparisons Between RCM and CCOM Piano Examinations

This comparative study delves into the piano examination systems of the Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM) and the Central Conservatory of Music (CCOM), highlighting the prevalent inaccuracies in piano education. By juxtaposing these two institutions, each emblematic of distinct educational philosophies and cultural contexts, this research aims to uncover biases and imbalances that shape students' learning attitudes and musical trajectories. Drawing on qualitative analysis of curriculum content, student experiences, and pedagogical approaches, the study examines the positive and negative aspects of both systems. The findings illuminate the cultural and technical disparities between RCM's globally oriented approach and CCOM's focus on preserving Chinese musical heritage. Finally, this research proposes several potential remedies for the discussed issues. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of how educational paradigms can inadvertently cultivate certain learning attitudes, offering insights into fostering a more balanced and holistic musical education in the evolving context of Chinese piano instruction.

Levels of dialogicity and narrativity in teacher discourse and its relationship with student learning among high school students in a language class / Niveles de dialogicidad y narratividad en el discurso docente y su relación con el aprendizaje alcanzado por estudiantes de enseñanza media en la asignatura de Lenguaje

This study sought to ascertain the relationship between the varying levels of dialogicity and narrativity found in the discourse of different teachers when teaching, as well as their students’ learning of the same curricular content. A multilevel, correlational quantitative design was used, with the data collection technique of classroom teacher observation, to determine the teachers’ levels of dialogicity and narrativity. Questionnaires were also administered to students to assess their learning and the quality of their recall of the content taught in the classes. The participants were 13 teachers with proven pedagogical excellence in language and communication who taught classes in 13 Chilean schools, as well as their 350 students in their last year of high school education. Using a linear hierarchical model, we concluded that there is a positive, significant relationship between the narrativity of the teacher discourse and student learning. We also found that males learned better with more narrative teachers, while females learned better with more dialogic teachers.

Islam as educational knowledge: challenges and barriers to the development of a Religion and Worldviews approach to teaching Islam in schools

ABSTRACT This article discusses the way teachers in primary and secondary schools in England engaged with a project to develop a Worldviews approach to Islam in the RE classroom. The project identified challenges and barriers to the teaching of Worldviews that were demonstrated by some teachers’ unwillingness to engage with knowledge and curriculum content that they believed to be illegitimate or controversial. The authors use Basil Bernstein’s idea of educational knowledge to explore the way teachers made decisions about what pupils should be permitted to learn about and what should be ignored in relation to Islam.

Practices of Ukrainian high school students in reading fiction in the society of electronic mass media

The article reveals the peculiarities of reading practices of Ukrainian high school students in comparison with the practices of using visual electronic media, and also finds out whether there is a correspondence between the genre preferences of high school students and the actual genre content of the school curriculum in Ukrainian and foreign literature. It is noted that, in Western sociology, considerable attention is paid to the study of the process of formation of reading skills in pre-school and school-age children, which significantly affects their overall academic performance. The empirical part of the article is based on the results of a study conducted in September-October 2023 using the method of in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten Ukrainian high school students. It is emphasized that the participants of the study ranked social media or movies in the first place in the rating of genres, while literature was ranked second or third, and video games were more often ranked fourth. It is noted that the attitude of high school students towards literature changes in adolescence; they begin to value reading practices that are not controlled from the outside, but chosen independently for self-improvement. It is emphasized that the favorite literary genres of Ukrainian high school students are science fiction, fantasy, thrillers, detective stories, and romance novels. The results of the content analysis of school textbooks of Ukrainian and foreign literature for 10th and 11th grades revealed the absence of literary works of the genres preferred by high school students. It is concluded that it is necessary to reform school programs of Ukrainian and foreign literature in order to make them more consistent with the literary genre preferences of Ukrainian high school students. The genre attractiveness of the school literature curriculum can become a powerful “pull” factor for students compared to the “push” influence of social networks and electronic media.

Exploring values implicit in Ghanaian Senior High School mathematics textbooks

Values are pivotal in mathematics education. Coming to grips with values in mathematics as a means of understanding them well enough to enculturate children in the subject has been highlighted in the literature. Valuing in mathematics has been positioned as the key driver of both the content of the mathematics curriculum and its teaching. This study explored values implicit in Ghanaian Senior High School mathematics textbooks. A sample of four best-selling Ghanaian Senior High School Form 1 Core Mathematics textbooks were purposely selected for this study. Using a checklist, the study explored mathematical values and mathematics educational values implicit in these textbooks. Findings from the study revealed that mathematical values of Objectism, Progress and Openness were emphasized more in the textbooks, while mathematics educational values namely Formalist View, Theoretical Knowledge, Instrumental learning, Accessibility and Evaluation were also emphasized more. How these values were conveyed is presented and the implications of the results of the study for policy and practice are also discussed, especially the need to use an array of mathematics books rather than only one to teach students in order to expose them to the values they need to become life-long learners in mathematics.

Dialogicity and narrativity in pedagogical interaction in the classroom. A proposal for analysing teacher discourse in the teaching process / Dialogicidad y narratividad en la interacción pedagógica del aula. Una propuesta para el análisis del discurso docente en el proceso de enseñanza

Given that pedagogical activity is eminently discursive, this article seeks to provide conceptual elements that help to describe teachers’ pedagogical discourse when teaching curricular contents. Working from the constructivist tradition and the cultural psychology approach, which uphold the social and cultural origin of human cognition, a discursive model is proposed that involves two dimensions: the dialogic-monologic and the narrative-paradigmatic. From the dialogic pole, teaching maintains the naturalness of a spontaneous conversation, intentionally including pedagogical elements that inquire into the students’ comprehension of the information and promoting argumentation, participation and the extension of group discussion. From the narrative pole, teaching seeks to contextualize the thematic contents to help students to gain perspective and understand the course and intentionality of actions. Considering both perspectives of analysis, we propose a conceptual schema for studying the phenomenon of teaching in which we theoretically characterize the different types of pedagogical discourses that emerge when articulating these two dimensions. Finally, we point to future lines of research that could emerge from this proposal.

Developing a Collaborative Understanding of Health Justice in Physiotherapy: Findings from a National Consensus Development Conference

Introduction: Justice and health equity are necessary to ensure the health and wellness of an optimally operating society. Healthcare leaders, educators, students, and clinicians should endeavour to achieve health justice; however, there is a paucity of literature exploring health justice and similarly, a lack of accepted models or frameworks to actualize this state. There is a need to understand the tenets of health justice that can be integrated across and within the physiotherapy profession. The aims of this project were to build upon a proposed operational definition of health justice through a national consensus exercise and identify concepts related to health justice that could inform physiotherapy education and practice. Methods: A facilitated 3-hour virtual consensus development conference was held on November 25, 2022, and included three rounds of discussion and voting. A total of 34 delegates across targeted organizations consented to participate in this study. Participants represented delegates across key Canadian physiotherapy organizations, students, educational and health service administrators, and clinicians across various healthcare disciplines. Results: Facilitated discussion within conference rounds informed revisions to the originally proposed definition of health justice. Seventeen concepts met consensus to be included in a collaborative understanding of health justice. These concepts listed in alphabetical order were accessibility, affordability, availability, determinants of health, diversity, equity, inclusion, intersectionality, health, health equity, oppression, power, privilege, quality, racism, social equity, and sustainable health. A post-conference survey resulted in the inclusion of two additional concepts, bias and voice, for a total of 19 included concepts. Ten concepts requiring further exploration were identified. Conclusion: This national consensus exercise included interprofessional delegates from physiotherapy organizations, academia, and clinical practice. Conference results can inform the development of curricular content, policies, procedures, and practices by stakeholders in physiotherapy and other healthcare disciplines.

How to Create a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Curriculum: More Than Checking a Box.

We are beginning to accept and address the role that medicine as an institution played in legitimizing scientific racism and creating structural barriers to health equity. There is a call for greater emphasis in medical education on explaining our role in perpetuating health inequities and educating learners on how bias and racism lead to poor health outcomes for historically marginalized communities. Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI; also referred to as EDI) and antiracism are key parts of patient care and medical education as they empower health professionals to be advocates for their patients, leading to better health care outcomes and more culturally and socially humble health care professionals. The Liaison Committee on Medical Education has set forth standards to include structural competency and other equity principles in the medical curriculum, but medical schools are still struggling with how to specifically do so. Here, we highlight a stepwise approach to systematically developing and implementing medical educational curriculum content with a DEI and antiracism lens. This article serves as a blueprint to prepare institution leadership, medical faculty, staff, and learners in how to effectively begin or scale up their current DEI and antiracism curricular efforts.

Thoughts on Management Accounting in Undergraduate Teaching

The study aims to explore the current situation and problems of management accounting teaching in ordinary undergraduate colleges, and put forward suggestions on improving teaching methods, optimizing course content and perfecting teaching evaluation system. Through the literature review and the analysis of the existing teaching practice, it is found that there are some problems in the management accounting teaching, such as outdated course content, single teaching method, insufficient teachers’ practical experience, and imperfect evaluation system. To this end, this paper proposes a series of improvement measures, including updating the curriculum content, adopting diversified teaching methods, strengthening teacher training, strengthening practical teaching and building a diversified evaluation system. The research of this paper provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the teaching reform of management accounting in ordinary undergraduate colleges.

Foundations of Emergency Medicine: Impact of a Standardized, Open-access, Core Content Curriculum on In-Training Exam Scores.

Learners frequently benefit from modalities such as small-group, case-based teaching and interactive didactic experiences rather than passive learning methods. These contemporary techniques are features of Foundations of Emergency Medicine (FoEM) curricula, and particularly the Foundations I (F1) course, which targets first-year resident (PGY-1) learners. The American Board of Emergency Medicine administers the in-training exam (ITE) that provides an annual assessment of EM-specific medical knowledge. We sought to assess the effect of F1 implementation on ITE scores. We retrospectively analyzed data from interns at four EM residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. We collected data in 2021. Participating sites were geographically diverse and included three- and four-year training formats. We collected data from interns two years before (control group) and two years after (intervention group) implementation of F1 at each site. Year of F1 implementation ranged from 2015-2018 at participating sites. We abstracted data using a standard form including program, ITE raw score, year of ITE administration, US Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 score, Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) score, and gender. We performed univariable and multivariable linear regression to explore differences between intervention and control groups. We collected data for 180 PGY-1s. Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores were significant predictors of ITE in univariable analyses (both with P < 0.001). After accounting for Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores, we did not find F1 implementation to be a significant predictor of ITE score, P = 0.83. Implementation of F1 curricula did not show significant changes in performance on the ITE after controlling for important variables.

‘학교 교육을 위한 국가 교육과정 프레임워크 2023’ 문서에 따른 인도의 예술교육과정 프레임워크 분석 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the arts curriculum framework, including music subjects, in India's newly announced 'National Curriculum Framework for School Education 2023', in order to examine various implications for Korea's music curriculum. For this purpose, this paper utilizes a literature research method to examine India’s curriculum documents, focusing on items such as 'document structure', 'competency', 'rationale and aims', 'content system and achievement standards' and ‘teaching &amp; learning and assessment’ according to the components of Korea's 2022 revised music curriculum. As a result of the analysis, the characteristics of each item and the differences with Korea's 2022 revised music curriculum were presented, and based on this, implications related to the design method and content of Korea's music curriculum were derived.

Difficulties and Challenges of EFL Simultaneous Interpretation Among Saudi Undergraduates.

Many Saudi interpretation students have challenges and difficulties during thestudyof simultaneous interpreting courses. Most Saudi students encounter interpretation difficulties due to inadequate training and the adoption of traditional teaching methods. This study aimed to investigate the challenges and difficulties that undergraduate simultaneous interpretation students in Saudi Arabia encountered and suggested the best solutions to address this issue. The study followed a mixed-method research design of quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods to answer the research questions. The study sample was randomly selected from two Saudi universities (Najran University and King Abdul-Aziz University). Two research tools were used: a close-ended questionnaire for interpretation students and a semi-structured interview for translation professors. Responses to the questionnaire indicated that interpretation students face diverse challenges in language, curriculum, methodology, and training. Language difficulties encompassed struggles with interpreting terminology, handling long sentences, and keeping up with fast speech. Challenges related to curricula included issues of density, lack of clarity, and outdated simultaneous interpretation textbooks. Teaching method challenges were characterized by insufficient intensive training and a lack of technology-based interactive strategies. Interviews with professors highlighted additional challenges perceived by students, such as low proficiency andlack ofmotivation, expertise, background knowledge, equipmentand labs. Professors recommended the following solutions: incorporating more practical and interactive interpretation activities, updating curricular content, offering skill-based training, and adopting modern interpretation techniques, equipment, and labs.

Included, but how? A critical investigation into elementary social studies standards about religion

ABSTRACT Teaching about religion in public schools is a complicated and nuanced topic. Though religious illiteracy has been named as a widespread concern throughout the United States, little research has been conducted that critically analyzes what teachers are asked to cover. Preservice teachers often confess they do not understand what they are and are not allowed to say about religion, and many teachers choose to ignore teaching about religion at all. In this study, I conducted a critical content analysis of elementary standards about religion included in the state social studies standards documents for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Then, using critical religious pluralism theory, I investigated the standards based on the inclusion of religious groups in curriculum content, as well as the extent to which this inclusion demonstrates challenges related to inclusion in curricula. Finally, I critically interrogated the ideology of the standards and made suggestions for how teachers and teacher educators can advocate for the inclusion of religion in elementary social studies.