Training Content Research Articles

Enhancing making every contact count (MECC) training and delivery for the third and social economy (TSE) sector: a strategic behavioural analysis

Objective To enhance Making Every Contact Count (MECC, an opportunistic approach to health promotion), training in the Third and Social Economy (TSE, all groups and organisations primarily working towards social justice, outside of the government or household) by examining the degree to which the behavioural content of MECC training tackled significant factors influencing MECC delivery. Methods and Measures A strategic behavioural analysis design. Semi-structured interviews with service providers (n = 15) and users (n = 5) were coded for barriers and facilitators of MECC delivery using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Existing MECC training was coded for behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention functions (IFs). The degree to which BCTs and IFs addressed the key TDF domains of influences on MECC delivery in the TSE were examined using prespecified tools. Results Seven key TDF domains of influences in MECC delivery were identified. Overall, only 9/31 linked BCTs were utilised within MECC training, with percentage utilisation of relevant BCTs for each domain ranging from 0% to 66.7%. Training adequately addressed 2/7 key domains. Conclusion The TSE and healthcare share many common key TDF domains, although there are differences in how each are relevant. Limitations and recommendations for MECC training are discussed.

Variations, effectiveness and its associated factors of a nationwide web-based hypertension management training project in China: insights from a government-led campaign for 1.2 million lay health workers.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a large-scale, web-based, in-service hypertension management training project among lay health workers (LHWs) at primary care health (PHC) settings in China, and to examine the factors contributing to the variations of effectiveness. We used data from a web-based national hypertension management training project implemented in 2018, it was designed to facilitate LHWs to learn, understand, and apply the relevant knowledge and skills in hypertension management through providing training courses by use of the web-based platform with unified standards. All LHWs were required to participate in the exams before and after training to acquire scores for the use of evaluating their performance of hypertension management knowledge. We first used descriptive analysis to present the variations of effectiveness in hypertension management knowledge among LHWs by important subgroups. Afterwards, we used multilevel logistic regression to examine the individual and regional factors contributing to the variations and quantify the magnitude of how these factors affected training effectiveness. There were 1,208,610 LHWs who completed training and were certificated. Nationally, the scores of LHWs increased significantly from 62.87 ± 21.14 out of 100 in the pre-test to 88.30 ± 11.31 in the post-test by 25.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.40-25.47). Training contents involved in antihypertensive medication showed the lowest score (54.36) in the pre-test and soared the most after training, up to 84.22 by 54.94%. Individual factors associated with disparities in the knowledge of hypertension management decreased substantially after training, which included sex, age, education, practice type, professional level, and hierarchy of working institutions. Geographical variations were shown at the provincial level, with the majority of them being explained by factors at the regional level. Accessible web-based training modality, government efforts, accompanied with experiences derived from the training, could be generalized to other low- and middle-income countries in facilitating the hypertension management capacity of LHWs. Localization and evaluation is warranted on the way to its further application.

Functional assessment and influencing factors after staged functional training in patients with ankle fractures.

The recovery of limb function after ankle fracture surgery is a gradual process. The main purpose of implementing early functional exercise, joint mobility, muscle contraction function, passive ankle flexion and extension exercises, or physical factor therapy techniques is to achieve the rapid recovery of normal physiological limb function. However, currently the most effective rehabilitation training method is staged limb functional exercise, which promotes rapid recovery of limb function while preventing adverse consequences caused by overwork or insufficient training. Staged limb functional exercise divides the rehabilitation process into multiple stages, each of which has specific training objectives and contents. This method helps patients gradually restore limb function. Nevertheless, some patients still exhibit poor limb function after standardized exercise. Therefore, a functional evaluation should be performed to analyze the impact of staged functional training after ankle fracture surgery. To perform a functional evaluation and determine the influencing factors of staged functional training in patients with ankle fracture. A retrospective study enrolled 150 patients who underwent surgical treatment for ankle fracture from May 2020 to May 2022 at our hospital. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed on general data, functional exercise compliance scale for orthopedic patients, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score, and pain factors [serum bradykinin (BK), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]. Based on the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale, the cases were divided into the excellent function (n = 111) and ordinary function (n = 39) groups. Univariate analysis revealed that monthly family income, education level, diabetes mellitus, functional exercise compliance scale of orthopedic patients score, SSRS, BK, PGE2, and 5-HT significantly influenced limb function after ankle fracture (P < 0.05); Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the functional exercise compliance scale score, SSRS, BK, PGE2, and 5-HT were independent risk factors affecting functional performance after staged functional exercise (P < 0.05). Exercise compliance, SSRS, and pain level are the independent risk factors affecting functional performance after staged functional training following ankle surgery. Clinical nursing care after ankle surgery should include analgesic and health education measures to ensure optimal recovery of limb function.

The system of physical training of the French Armed Forces: features, content and structure of training

The system of physical training of the French Armed Forces: features, content and structure of training

AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data

Stable diffusion revolutionized image creation from descriptive text. GPT-2 (ref. 1), GPT-3(.5) (ref. 2) and GPT-4 (ref. 3) demonstrated high performance across a variety of language tasks. ChatGPT introduced such language models to the public. It is now clear that generative artificial intelligence (AI) such as large language models (LLMs) is here to stay and will substantially change the ecosystem of online text and images. Here we consider what may happen to GPT-{n} once LLMs contribute much of the text found online. We find that indiscriminate use of model-generated content in training causes irreversible defects in the resulting models, in which tails of the original content distribution disappear. We refer to this effect as ‘model collapse’ and show that it can occur in LLMs as well as in variational autoencoders (VAEs) and Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). We build theoretical intuition behind the phenomenon and portray its ubiquity among all learned generative models. We demonstrate that it must be taken seriously if we are to sustain the benefits of training from large-scale data scraped from the web. Indeed, the value of data collected about genuine human interactions with systems will be increasingly valuable in the presence of LLM-generated content in data crawled from the Internet.

The efficacy of the TEACH e-Learning course at improving early childhood educators’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour self-efficacy, knowledge, intentions, and perceived behavioural control: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundEarly childhood educators play a critical role in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary time in childcare centres. However, early childhood educators receive limited specialised pre- and in-service learning opportunities relating to these behaviours and may lack the capacity to effectively engage children in healthy movement behaviours. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an e-Learning course on increasing early childhood educators’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour-related capacities.MethodsA two-group parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with early childhood educators in Canada (Mage = 41.78, 97% female). Participants randomized to the intervention group were asked to complete a physical activity and sedentary behaviour e-Learning course within a 4-week period. Participants randomized to the waitlist control condition were assigned to a waitlist to receive the intervention after the testing period. Participants reported on their self-efficacy, knowledge, intentions, and perceived behavioural control relating to physical activity and sedentary behaviours at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months follow-up. Linear mixed effects models were estimated to determine difference in changes in outcomes from baseline to post-intervention, and follow-up.ResultsA total of 209 early childhood educators participated in the study (intervention n = 98; control n = 111). The TEACH e-Learning course was found to be efficacious at improving all of the examined outcomes, with standardized effect sizes ranging from d = 0.58 to d = 0.65 for self-efficacy outcomes, d = 0.66 to d = 1.20 for knowledge outcomes, d = 0.50 to d = 0.65 for intention outcomes, and d = 0.33 to d = 0.69 for perceived behavioural control outcomes post-intervention. The intervention effects were sustained at follow-up for all outcomes apart from perceived behavioural control to limit screen time. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect for knowledge outcomes decreased at follow-up, with standardized effect sizes ranging from d = 0.49 to d = 0.67.ConclusionsThe e-Learning course was highly successful at improving early childhood educators’ capacity pertaining to physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Providing training content through e-Learning may be an efficacious approach to providing continual professional learning opportunities relating to physical activity and sedentary time to early childhood educators on a large scale.

Strategic Workforce Analysis: Identifying Skills and Gaps Among Frontline Public Health Workers Amidst Transformation.

Recent shifts in public health (PH) include consistent budget cuts, workforce attrition, and loss of vital skills and institutional knowledge followed by heightened pandemic-driven attention, new responsibilities, and renewed funding. This study investigates whether frontline employees working in different types of public health departments have different educational characteristics and whether these characteristics are associated with differentials in skill gaps toward informing targeted interventions to nurture a competitive workforce. Utilizing 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) data, we document variations in educational qualifications, skill gaps, and workforce characteristics among frontline workers in different sizes of health departments and examine attributes associated with skill gaps: level and field of education, years of experience, program areas, and job classifications using a negative binomial model. Skill gaps in resource management, systems and strategic thinking, and change management persist across all local health departments (LHDs), but the extent of these gaps is greater in small LHDs. Small LHDs also have few employees with graduate and public health degrees. Additionally, whereas public health degrees were not associated with fewer skill gaps, tenure in public health was, suggesting people learn on the job. The results highlight the role regional training centers can play in emphasizing the need for strategic skills and foundational public health concepts, as well as customizing training content by agency size and educational levels to improve accessibility, particularly for small LHDs with resource constraints.

A novel biosensor based on Y2O3/BN composite for detection of lactate content in athlete training

A novel lactate biosensor based on a yttrium oxide/boron nitride (Y2O3/BN) nanocomposite modified electrode was developed. The BN nanosheets provided a supporting matrix for the Y2O3 nanoparticles, combining their synergistic properties for electrochemical biosensing. The Y2O3/BN nanocomposite provided high surface area and excellent electrocatalytic effects, promoting the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide generated from lactate oxidase catalyzed lactate oxidation. The Y2O3/BN modified biosensor showed wide linear range from 0.005 to 500 μM, low detection limit of 2 nM, high sensitivity of 1.23 μA/μM, good reproducibility with 3.2 % RSD, and long-term stability over 56 days. The biosensor could detect lactate levels in athlete sweat samples with high accuracy and correlation to standard methods, distinguishing changes in sweat lactate corresponding to different exercise intensities. The nanocomposite modified biosensor showed potential for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of exercise levels and fatigue status based on sweat lactate detection in athletic training applications.

INVESTIGATING STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING LOWER LIMB STRENGTH IN RUMBA

Research on the content of sports training and the means of artistic preparation within sports dancing in Romania becomes essential to ensure efficient, holistic, and tailored training for dancers. We have monitored the emphasis given to physical training (both general and specific) during various training periods; the extent of utilizing artistic training methods for the development of lower limb strength; and the perceived utility, according to specialists, of developing lower limb strength through specific artistic training methods in youth-level dancers, particularly in the Rumba dance.

Exploration and Research on the "Dual Teacher" Classroom Teaching and Training Model

Classroom teaching is a key link in achieving talent cultivation goals. It is a necessary process to enhance students' professional knowledge and job competency. In the process of classroom teaching, teachers should arrange the content and process of teaching and training reasonably based on the differences in students, knowledge, and skills, research and explore effective classroom teaching and training models, and effectively improve the quality of classroom teaching and training. There are many factors that can improve the quality of classroom teaching, and one of the most important ones is how to guide students to follow the teacher's ideas and maintain their enthusiasm for learning. During classroom listening or training, one can engage in active thinking, interaction, and communication with the teaching teacher. In order to better improve the quality of classroom teaching and training, adapt to the new requirements of teaching and training in the new era, a "dual teacher" classroom teaching and training model is adopted for the same classroom. The main lecturer is responsible for imparting and teaching the main knowledge and skills. During the teaching process of the main lecturer, the auxiliary lecturer acts as a dual identity of both the teacher and the student in the classroom. At key teaching stages and knowledge points, they timely guide students to learn and think through various means, so that students can deepen their understanding and mastery of knowledge and skills.

Social-Ecological Correlates of Social Well-Being in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in the USA: Implications for Policy, Theory, and Research

Abstract Introduction Emerging transgender and gender diverse (TGD) health models focus on social well-being. The present study contributes to this movement through investigation of hate crime statutes, state-level political and anti-TGD attitudes, and multiple marginalized identities as correlates of social well-being (i.e., outness, community connection, and workplace and familial support). Methods The current study merged data from three sources: (a) the 2015 United States Transgender Survey (USTS), (b) the 2014 and 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Studies (CCES), and (c) the 2018 Anti-Defamation League’s (ADL) Hate Crime Map. Bivariate (e.g., chi-square) and regression analyses were used to identify correlates of social well-being among TGD adults in the USA. Results All types of hate crime laws showed bivariate protective associations for outness and family support. Regression models showed that several marginalized identities (e.g., having a disability) were the most consistent and largest correlates of social well-being. Higher state-level anti-TGD attitudes were linked with lower familial support and outness. The presence of state-level hate crime law civil action and police training statutes was positively associated with outness. Conclusions The results extend the limited research on correlates of TGD social well-being. Findings support TGD health models addressing resilience and social safety. Future research should address hate crime law policy analysis, police training evaluation, and prospective testing of TGD social well-being. Policy Implications Hate crime laws, in particular civil action and police training statutes, may be associated with better outcomes for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) persons. Evaluation of hate crime law effectiveness may need to focus on implementation as opposed to mere presence of laws. Policies specific to police training should include guidelines for training content and rigorous evaluation.

The Market Development of Children’s Go Training and the Difficulty and Countermeasure Analysis of Go Training

The children’s Go training market is experiencing vigorous growth but also faces several challenges. As the importance of Go in cultural education increases, the market expands, with growing demand and involvement from training and educational institutions. However, the market encounters difficulties such as a shortage of high-quality Go coaches, uniformity in training content and methods, and high training costs. To address these issues, measures can be taken to strengthen the team of Go coaches, diversify training content and methods, and optimize the training cost structure, thereby promoting the healthy development of the children’s Go training market.

Development of training program for the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat emergency nurses in China based on core competency: a Delphi study

BackgroundNursing work in the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat (EENT) emergency department is highly specialised and faces significant challenges. Therefore, a high level of nursing competence is necessary for nurses. To develop core competencies, a systematic and standardised training program is required. This study aims to construct a standardised, systematic, and professional training program for nurses working in the EENT emergency department in China.MethodsBased on a literature review and semi-structured interviews, the training scheme draft was developed according to the theoretical framework of core competency for emergency nurses. From July 2023 to October 2023, a total of 21 experts including clinical experts, and nursing experts were selected to conduct 2 rounds of Delphi consultation to construct the training program for EENT emergency nurses.ResultsThe effective response rate for 2 rounds of expert consultation was 100%. The expert authority coefficient was 0.905, and Kendall’s W coefficients were found to be 0.359 and 0.340, respectively. The coefficients of variation for each item of the second round of expert consultation ranged from 0 to 0.19. The finalised training program for EENT emergency nurses consisted of 4 first-level indexes (training objectives, training management, training contents, and training assessment). The training objectives included 3 secondary indicators and 16 tertiary indicators. Training management included 5 secondary indicators and 8 tertiary indicators. Training contents included 4 secondary indicators and 16 tertiary indicators. Training assessment included 3 secondary indicators and 6 tertiary indicators.ConclusionThis study systematically and comprehensively explores the cultivation of nurses working in the EENT emergency department from the aspects of training objectives, training management, training contents, and training assessment. This training program is based on the theoretical framework of core competency standards for emergency nurses. It is in line with the actual needs of the clinic, and the training program is scientific and reliable, which can be promoted nationwide to provide a reference basis for the improvement of the training of emergency specialist nurses.Trial registrationNot applicable.

The Role of DACUM Method in Designing Training Programs in Security Institutions: An Empirical Research in Iraqi National Security Services

The current research has aimed to achieve a set of main objectives, which include diagnosing training needs based on their dimensions (identifying training needs, training planning, training content, training implementation, training evaluation, and feedback). This research focused on the necessary factors required to apply Developing Curriculum (DACUM) method in designing training programs according to the requirements and needs of security institutions in Iraq. The researcher assumed that there is a significant effect of DACUM method with its five dimensions (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) on designing the training program with its six dimensions (identifying training needs, training planning, training content, training implementation, training evaluation, and feedback). This method is considered a cost-effective approach compared to other methodologies. It aims to identifying training needs, improving performance, and developing work processes. This research adopted a descriptive statistic technique, relying on a questionnaire as the major instrument for data collection. The research population was 224 employees, while the sample size was 142 employees, according to De Morgan's Table for samples. The researcher used several statistical methods, that included Cronbach’s alpha, normal distribution test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression. The statistical software used for analysis was (SPSS V26 and Excel). The research showed several vital findings represented statistically significant; the variable (DACUM) method and its dimensions directly affect the design of the training program in security institutions.

Current status and needs of in-service training for psychiatric nurses in 24 provinces of China: a cross-sectional survey.

To investigate the current situation and need for post-competence training for psychiatric nurses in China and provide a reference for the development of training programs for psychiatric nurses. A cross-sectional design. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2023 with 435 psychiatric nurses from 34 hospitals in 24 provinces of mainland China. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. The training content for psychiatric nurses is extensive, and the training load is large. Psychiatric nurses have high training demands for first aid knowledge, emergency handling ability, and anti-riot skills. Nurses with different years of experience have different training needs. The training needs of psychiatric nurses in specialized and general hospitals also different. The training status of psychiatric nurses is not consistent with the demand. Managers should combine this with psychiatric nurses' own work needs to develop practical and effective training programs.

Scoping communication training in undergraduate children’s nursing programmes: A mixed method study examining delivery methods and content

AimThe aim of this study was to scope communication curriculum reported as currently being delivered within undergraduate children’s nursing programmes across the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. BackgroundCommunication between a children’s nurse and a child/young person influences a child/young person’s healthcare experience. Despite an identified need for a comprehensive and effective communication curriculum within undergraduate nursing, there is a notable gap of understanding of the delivery and content of communication training within children’s nursing curricula. DesignA mixed method, online anonymous self-report survey design was adopted. MethodsProgramme Leads of undergraduate children’s nursing programmes in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom were asked to report on how communication training is delivered to students on undergraduate children's nursing programmes. The Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) was used for the reporting of this study. ResultsThirty-two programme leads completed the survey (51 % response rate). Findings show variability in the delivery and content of communication training across Higher Educational Institutions. Core communication modules featured across all nursing programmes, however, only two programme leads reported delivering standalone child-centred communication modules. Communication training was not always delivered by an educator with professional experience of children and young people in healthcare. Curriculum capacity had an impact on the delivery of communication training, with clinical practice being relied on to supplement child specific communication training. Programme leads highlighted the need for greater inclusion of child voice in shaping and delivering undergraduate children’s nurse education. ConclusionsThis study shows that while communication is covered as a core part of the undergraduate nursing curriculum across the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, it generally lacks a focus on children and young people and is not always supported by educators with professional experience of children and young people in healthcare. More work needs to focus on equipping undergraduate children’s nurses with the unique skills needed to communicate effectively with children and young people and incorporate learnings into nursing pedagogy.

Injury Prevention Training in Girls' and Women's Elite Football in Denmark: A Survey of Practices and Perceptions.

Through a national cross-sectional survey, the present study investigated the use and content of injury prevention training (IPT), and associated attitudes and beliefs, involving stakeholders in Danish girls' and women's elite football (U14, U16, U18, and Danish Women's League teams). A total of 168 stakeholders (coaches, physical performance coaches, physiotherapists, medical doctors, and club management) from 18 Danish elite clubs were invited to participate. Of these, 158 were eligible to participate, and 110 participants (69.6% response rate) provided 191 valid survey responses, as some provided more than one response due to multiple affiliations within the same club. The use of IPT ranged from 91.1% to 100% across team levels, with approximately 50% reporting up to 1-2 h/week. Interestingly, only 52.9%-72.7% of the responses indicated use of an evidence-based IPT program, with lowest adoption at the U14 and Danish Women's League teams. The FIFA 11+ was the most used evidence-based IPT program. The majority of the participants (>72%) had positive perceptions regarding IPT impact on injury reduction. These findings indicate that, while IPT is broadly used across Danish girls' and women's elite football teams, the implementation of evidence-based IPT programs varies, with lower adoption of these programs among the youngest and senior elite teams. Hence, there is a need to enhance integration of IPT programs proven effective in girls' and women's elite football. Notably, stakeholders expressed positive perceptions regarding the impact of IPT on injury reduction, which provides valuable support for future efforts to strengthen IPT in football practice.

Factors influencing pre-service special education teachers’ intention toward AI in education: Digital literacy, teacher self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness

The use of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) has become increasingly significant globally. In China, there is a lack of research examining the behavioral intention toward AIEd among pre-service special education (SPED) teachers in terms of digital literacy and teacher self-efficacy. Building on the technology acceptance model, our study evaluated the aspects influencing pre-service special education teachers’ intention toward AI in education. Data was gathered from 274 pre-service SPED teachers studying at a Chinese public normal university of special education and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that digital literacy is associated with the perceived usefulness and ease of use of AIEd, which influences SPED teachers' intention to use AIEd. Additionally, digital literacy significantly impacts the self-efficacy of SPED teachers. Given these results, AI designers in special education should comprehend the effectiveness and usability of AIEd for fostering behavioral intention formation. Simultaneously, special educational programs that identify key content and activities for digital literacy training should be developed, and educators should attempt to execute the relevant pre-service training to enhance the intention of pre-service SPED teachers toward AIEd.

The effect of online argumentation activities workshop on pre-service science teachers’ climate change awareness

The aim of this study is to increase pre-service science teachers’ awareness of climate change through online argumentation activities. The study prepared pre-service training content based on online argumentation to increase climate change awareness. For the training, activities were prepared based on online argumentation for the sub-dimensions of climate change, which are content knowledge, awareness of the effects of climate change, awareness of personal initiatives, awareness of industrial initiatives, and tendencies towards preventing climate change. Expert opinions were taken about the activities and then they were finalized. Data was collected through an open-ended questionnaire applied as pre- and post-test. 32 pre-service science teachers from 22 different universities across Türkiye participated in the online training. The climate change awareness form was applied before and after the training. Data was analyzed using a content analysis approach. As a result of the study, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the pre-service teachers’ content knowledge of climate change, and they provided more justifications in the sub-dimensions of climate change awareness after the training, and their awareness increased.

Research ethics for all: Development of a social-behavioral research ethics education program for community research partners with developmental disabilities

BackgroundPeople with developmental disabilities make important contributions to research. However, inaccessible research ethics trainings present a barrier to them taking on some research roles. ObjectivesWe developed a social-behavioral research ethics training that leads to certification tailored to the accessibility needs and roles of community research partners with developmental disabilities. MethodsWe collaborated with diverse partners (people with developmental disabilities, a disability service provider, health researchers, human research participant protections experts) to develop the research ethics training. To identify potential training content, we conducted a rapid scoping review of ethical, legal, and social issues in social-behavioral research with adults with developmental disabilities and reviewed national research ethics curricula. Through discussions and a modified Delphi process, we worked with partners to identify content to teach; partners also provided guidance on accessibility. ResultsThe training and rapid scoping reviews and input from partners resulted in 93 potential educational content elements to include. After completing the modified Delphi process, partners recommended inclusion of 83 of these content elements in the educational training and provided input on depth and approach to teaching this content. Research Ethics for All is a freely available training that includes 5 units, delivered via didactic and active learning, and assessment activities to verify understanding. Research Ethics for All should be facilitated by an experienced researcher. ConclusionsResearch Ethics for All includes foundational social-behavioral research ethics content designed to support community research partners with developmental disabilities to take on new research responsibilities.