Contemporary Nationalism Research Articles

‘Magnus's vision of a resurgent Scotland was elusive as a unicorn’: Scottish Nationalism in Eric Linklater's Magnus Merriman

Eric Linklater's 1934 novel Magnus Merriman is recognised as a comic triumph for its satirical treatment of the Scottish Renaissance and the associated contemporary Scottish nationalist movement. This article argues that Magnus Merriman has deceptive depth because Linklater offers frequently profound insights into a compelling point in Scottish cultural and political history. The misadventures of the eponymous Magnus have strong parallels with Linklater's own belated entry into the Scottish Literary Renaissance and his disastrous attempt at standing for parliament as a Scottish nationalist candidate. The novel showcases Linklater's idiosyncratic political doctrine of ‘small nationalism’, and his unflattering portrayal of the National Party of Scotland is coloured by his disillusionment with it. The doomed poem written by Magnus, ‘ The Returning Sun’, symbolises the Scottish Renaissance, reflecting its shortcomings and the difficulty of forming a unified Scottish cultural identity. The character of Magnus himself embodies the lack of a single, coherent Scottish identity as a Scottish Renaissance anti-hero. Magnus's political and literary disappointments mean Linklater gives a pessimistic assessment of the relative failure of the Scottish Renaissance and the nationalist movement of the period. Linklater's irreverent examination of Scottish nationalism retains contemporary relevance. Magnus Merriman is more than just a hilarious comedy and represents a significant contribution to Scottish literature.

The Caravana of Central American Mothers in Mexico: Performances of Devotional and Saintly Motherhood on a Transnational Stage-in-Motion

Like earlier mother activism in Latin America, the annual Caravana de Madres Centroamericanas (Caravan of Central American Mothers) through Mexico strategically activates the traditional archetype of mothers as passive, pious, suffering victims whose self-abnegation forces them, almost against their will, out of their supposedly natural domestic sphere. Three elements, however, distinguish the caravana from earlier protests staged by mothers. First, this protest crosses national borders, functioning as a transnational pilgrimage to the memory of the disappeared relative. This stage-in-motion temporarily spotlights and claims the spaces traversed by undocumented Central American migrants in Mexico, attempting to recast those migrants as victims of violence rather than as criminals. Second, through performances of both devotional motherhood and saintly motherhood, the caravana's mother-based activism de-normalizes violence related to drugs and migration. Third, performances of family reunification staged by the caravana organizers take place in the few cases in which they manage to locate family members who have not fallen prey to violence but have simply resettled in Mexico and abandoned or lost touch with families left behind in Central America. These performances of family reunification serve important functions: they shift the performance of motherhood from devotion to saintly tolerance, patience and forgiveness – even toward prodigal offspring who were ‘lost’ for years; they provide a chance for other mothers to vicariously feel joy and hope that their children are still alive; they exemplify world citizens challenging incompetent or indifferent nation state authorities; and they enact a symbolic unification of Central America and Mexico in defiance of contemporary nation state borders.

해방 직후 간도에서 발행된 『우리國史』의 체재와 한국사 인식 - 桂奉瑀의 『最新東國史』에서 『우리國史』로 -

This article explores Gye Bongu’s historical accounts and view of Korean history through the history textbook Our National History (Uri yeoksa 우리역사) published in Gando immediately after the 1945 Liberation.BR The Our National History, produced via mimeograph in three volumes in November 1945, has the same content as the Up-to-Date History of the Eastern Country (Choesin Dongguksa 최신동국사) written by Gye Bongu in the Society for the Education of Korean Settlers (Ganmin gyoyukoe 간민교육회). The Our National History (and the Up-to-Date History of the Eastern Country) divides Korean history into early antiquity (Buyeo and Four Kingdoms), middle antiquity (Southern and Northern Dynasties and Goryeo), and late antiquity (Joseon and the Great Han). Gye’s periodization of Korean history is unique to him that cannot be found in other history books from late Joseon to the early Japanese colonial periods.BR He recognized the history of Old Joseon as pivoting on the Buyeo tribes, described the ancient history centered on Goguryeo and Balhae, and emphasized the unification of the Korean nation by Goryeo, not Silla. This view of history reveals the influence of contemporary nationalist historians such as Park Eunsik and Shin Chaeho. Gye had a negative view of Joseon, regarding the fall of Goryeo and the founding of Joseon as the vanishing of national essence and martial spirit. As for the history of the Great Han Empire, he emphasized the anti-Japanese struggle of the ‘righteous army’ and the introduction of modern education, viewing the latter focusing on history was crucial to nurture independence activists in Gando. That was the reason he wrote a history textbook called the Up-to-Date History of the Eastern Country.

National Cardiovascular Data Registry-Acute Kidney Injury (NCDR) vs. Mehran risk models for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy and need for dialysis after coronary angiography in a German patient cohort

BackgroundContrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major adverse event in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The Mehran risk model is the gold-standard for CIN risk prediction. However, its performance in comparison to more contemporary National Cardiovascular Data Registry-Acute Kidney Injury (NCDR-AKI) risk models remains unknown. We aimed to compare both in this study.Methods and resultsPredictions of Mehran and NCDR-AKI risk models and clinical events of CIN and need for dialysis were assessed in a total of 2067 patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. Risk models were compared regarding discrimination (receiver operating characteristic analysis), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and calibration (graphical and statistical analysis). The NCDR risk model showed superior risk discrimination for predicting CIN (NCDR c-index 0.75, 95% CI 0.72–0.78; vs. Mehran c-index 0.69, 95% CI 0.66–0.72, p < 0.01), and continuous NRI (0.22; 95% CI 0.12–0.32; p < 0.01) compared to the Mehran model. The NCDR risk model tended to underestimate the risk of CIN, while the Mehran model was more evenly calibrated. For the prediction of need for dialysis, NCDR-AKI-D also discriminated risk better (c-index 0.85, 95% CI 0.79–0.91; vs. Mehran c-index 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.84; pNCDRvsMehran < 0.01), but continuous NRI showed no benefit and calibration analysis revealed an underestimation of dialysis risk.ConclusionIn German patients undergoing coronary angiography, the modern NCDR risk model for predicting contrast-induced nephropathy showed superior discrimination compared to the Mehran model while showing less accurate calibration. Results for the outcome ‘need for dialysis’ were equivocal.Graphic abstract

From colonial subjects to post-colonial citizens? Considerations for a contemporary study of Black México

The Mexican government is currently attempting to incorporate Black Mexicans into the national cultural landscape. However, the centring of whiteness through mestizaje limits the possibilities of Black inclusion by continuing to imagine the archetypal Mexican citizen as non-Black. Therefore, a colonial inheritance of racial value continues to frame how blackness can be constituted as part of the contemporary nation. This article argues that while the War for Independence may have allowed for the imagination of a new ‘Mexican’, a colonial racial economy continues to endure. This racial economy continues to limit the possibility of citizenship for African descendants in México.

Contemporary National Patterns of Eligibility and Use of Novel Cardioprotective Antihyperglycemic Agents in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

BackgroundSGLT‐2 (sodium glucose transporter‐2) inhibitors and GLP‐1RAs (glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists) effectively lowered cardiovascular risk in large clinical trials for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high risk for these complications, and have been recommended by guidelines. To evaluate the contemporary landscape in which these recommendations would be implemented, we examined the use of these medications according to clinical guideline practice.Methods and ResultsIn the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2017 to 2018, we defined compelling indications for SGLT‐2 inhibitors by the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease, and for GLP‐1RAs by the presence of established or high‐risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, based on large clinical trials that have been incorporated in guideline recommendations of the American College of Cardiology and American Diabetes Association. We then evaluated use of these medications among patients with physician‐diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. All analyses incorporated complex survey design to produce nationally representative estimates. A total 1104 of 9254 sampled individuals had type 2 diabetes mellitus, representing 10.6% (95% CI, 9.7%–11.6%) of the US population or 33.2 million adults nationally. Of these, 52.6% (95% CI, 47.7%–57.5%) had an indication for SGLT‐2 inhibitors, 32.8% (95% CI, 28.8%–37.2%) for GLP‐1RAs, and 26.6% (95% CI, 22.2%–31.7%) for both medications. During 2017 to 2018, 4.5% (95% CI, 2.4%–8.2%) were treated with SGLT‐2 inhibitors and 1.5% (95% CI, 0.7%–3.2%) with GLP‐1RAs. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease were not independently associated with SGLT‐2 inhibitor or GLP‐1RA use in patients with diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsDespite a large number of patients being eligible for guideline‐recommended cardiorenal protective therapies, there are substantial gaps in the use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors and GLP‐1RAs, limiting their public health benefits.

Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know

Amid the global resurgence of nationalist governments, what do we know about nationalism? This review takes stock of political science debates on nationalism to critically assess what we already know and what we still need to know. We begin by synthesizing classic debates and tracing the origins of the current consensus that nations are historically contingent and socially constructed. We then highlight three trends in contemporary nationalism scholarship: ( a) comparative historical research that treats nationalism as a macropolitical force and excavates the relationships between nations, states, constitutive stories, and political conflict; ( b) behavioral research that uses survey data and experiments to gauge the causes and effects of attachment to nations; and ( c) ethnographic scholarship that illuminates the everyday processes and practices that perpetuate national belonging. The penultimate section briefly summarizes relevant insights from philosophy, history, and social psychology and identifies knowledge gaps that political scientists are well-positioned to address. A final section calls for more comparative, cross-disciplinary, cross-regional research on nationalism.

Beyond the Indian Ocean Public Sphere

During the colonial period, particularly in the 1920s, Vietnamese intellectuals frequently debated Rabindranath Tagore’s Greater Indian, pan-Asian vision in their political exchanges. Drawing on scholarship on the rise of an Indian Ocean public sphere, this article analyzes periodicals covering Tagore in colonial Vietnam in order to explore alternative and less researched trajectories of contemporary Vietnamese nationalism. Specifically, it examines media coverage of Tagore’s works, ideas, personality, and appearance, and, in particular, his visit to Sài Gòn in 1929, to answer the question of how those depictions reflected and shaped different anticolonial imaginaries and ideological debates at the time. Radical and moderate forms of Vietnamese nationalism reflected both appreciation and criticism of Tagore’s views of Indian nationhood. The engagement of both moderate and radical Vietnamese intellectuals with Tagore’s work was thus an important early moment in the turn of Vietnamese intellectuals away from colonial models of nationalism toward those articulated by other colonized populations.

Evropský národ vs. globalizovaný nacionalismus

The author recommends that any consideration of the issue of nation and nationalism should be preceded by a careful analysis of the terminology used. He points out that the key term ‚nation‘ itself should be used in the knowledge that it refers, on the one hand, to a specific large group of citizens – members of a nation, but also to an abstract value community of culture. He critically rejects the thoughtless use of the term ‚nationalism‘, which forgets that it is derived from the term ‚nation‘. This is a dangerous distortion, especially when applied to non-European realities. A nation is originally a specifically European phenomenon, that is to say, a community that grows out of the old cultural and ideological resources of European countries. If the globalised term nationalism is used retrospectively to analyse the history or present of European nations, there is a danger of distortion and misunderstanding. Just as distorting, however, can be the analysis of non-European ‚nations‘ in the coordinates of the European nation. In conclusion, the author points out that the humanistic and motivational values of the European nation from the time of its formation are largely an empty phrase for contemporary nations. The reason for this, however, lies not only in terminological confusion, but also in the great transformation of value norms as a result of the neoliberal questioning of national values and identities that is being promoted in the context of advancing globalisation.

Unsettling Settler Colonial Feelings Through Contemporary Indigenous Art Practice

In this article, we discuss contemporary art practices as avenues for disrupting settler colonial narratives; we explore how the practices developed and adopted by contemporary Native American and First Nations artists can challenge settler colonial feelings. Employing the concept of settler common sense, we attend to the affective experience of encountering these artists’ works and consider how their works can enable the viewers to feel, sense, and think outside of/in opposition to/against settler colonial logics. We first explain the concept of settler colonialism and illustrate how settler colonial narratives operate; we illuminate the affective dimension of settler colonialism and how settler colonial narratives and feelings are bound up in art. To demonstrate possible pathways through this process, we discuss the work of Indigenous artists Rebecca Belmore and Tanya Lukin Linklater, considering how their practices can disrupt. We argue for a move away from settler futurity.

Brave enough to fight? Masculinity, migration and the Irish revolution

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the nationalist side in revolutionary Ireland (1912–23), examining concepts of bravery, heroic masculinity, fighting for principles and country, all of which have important impacts on understandings of masculinities during the time period (and indeed before and beyond it). Contemporary nationalist rhetoric emphasised the need to rally all men for an armed struggle: such language paid no heed to the economic realities of many families in Ireland that still needed adult children to migrate. Historians of this period have done much to uncover the contributions of various groups, but they have rarely examined the gendered ideologies surrounding men in this period, nor have they taken on board the insights from international histories of violence, war and revolution that have interrogated militaristic forms of masculinity in other countries.

Globalization and Nationalism

Globalization and Nationalism have often been evoked as the two defining features of the modern world (Sabanadze, 2010). Globalization has largely made the world less pluralistic, and the homogenization of the world community as a whole has had large effects on 21st-century nationalism as stated by Erwin (2017). The increased flow of capital, people, and customs due to Globalization has placed the role of contemporary Nationalism into question. At this premise the core purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between Globalization and Nationalism in the contemporary era. There is a vast literature dealing with globalization and nationalism both separately and in connection with each other as stated by Sabanadze in 2010.The thrust areas of this paper are concept and understanding of Globalization and Nationalism and the changing relationship between Globalization and Nationalism. The paper advocates the concept of ‘Neo-Nationalism’ that is associated with Globalization in the present context. Further, the paper makes an attempt to shed some light on the reality of Globalization and Nationalism in present Indian context.

The Commercial Determinants of Three Contemporary National Crises: How Corporate Practices Intersect With the COVID-19 Pandemic, Economic Downturn, and Racial Inequity.

Policy Points The United States finds itself in the middle of an unprecedented combination of crises: a global pandemic, economic crisis, and unprecedented civic responses to structural racism. While public sector responses to these crises have faced much justified criticism, the commercial determinants of these crises have not been sufficiently examined. In this commentary we examine the nature of the contributions of such actors to the conditions that underpin these crises in the United States through their market and nonmarket activities. On the basis of this analysis, we make recommendations on the role of governance and civil society in relation to such commercial actors in a post‐COVID‐19 world.

Abstract P461: Contemporary National Estimates of Characteristics and Outcomes Associated With Supra and Infratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: Location specific Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) characteristics and outcomes are important for risk stratification and clinical trial design. However, they have not been described at the population level. Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample (90% of US hospitalizations) from 09/2015 to 12/2017 and utilized ICD-10 codes to identify ICH patients with a primary diagnosis of either supra-tentorial (ST) or infra-tentorial (IT) hemorrhage; excluding intraventricular or unspecified location. Utilizing sampling weights, nationally representative proportions of ST and IT ICH patients across demographic, comorbidity, healthcare utilization, disease acuity and outcomes are provided. We fit survey design logistic regression models for in-hospital mortality (IHM) and home discharge (HD). Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence Intervals (CI) are reported. Results: Across the analysis time period, a total of 161,395 ICH patients were identified, of whom 51,025 (31.6%) and 20,135(12.5%) had ST and IT ICH respectively. IT ICH patients (vs. ST ICH) were younger (66.9 vs. 67.9 years), with higher proportions of Black (19.1% vs. 17.6%) and un-insured (5.9% vs. 4.7%). A significantly greater proportion of IT ICH patients had prior myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, renal disease and hypertension. Whereas the prior cerebrovascular disease, dementia, depression and alcohol abuse was associated with ST ICH. Smaller proportion of IT ICH patients (vs. ST ICH) were treated in urban teaching hospitals (81.4% vs. 83.2%). A greater proportion of IT ICH underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (58.1% vs. 46.7%), ventriculostomy (18.2% vs. 10.2%), and tracheostomy (6.4% vs. 4.6%). The total charges and charges per day were significantly higher for IT ICH patients. The overall IHM was 22.6%. A greater proportion of IT ICH patients (vs. ST ICH) experienced IHM (28.2% vs. 17.3%) and smaller proportion had HD (16.7% vs. 20.7%). In the fully adjusted models, IT ICH was associated with a significantly higher IHM (OR, CI: 1.47, 1.26 - 1.71) and lower likelihood of HD (OR, CI: 0.56, 0.46 - 0.68). Conclusion: ST and IT ICH patients have distinctive risk factor and demographic profiles. IT ICH is associated with poor outcomes.

Time resolved ablator areal density during peak fusion burn on inertial confinement fusion implosions

Near peak compression, inertial confinement fusion implosions release both deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion gamma rays and neutron induced gamma rays from carbon from the areal density of the remaining ablator shell. The gamma reaction history diagnostic makes a time resolved measurement of both. Across many recent implosions, the carbon gamma ray peak arrives systematically 11 ± 10 ps later compared to DT fusion burn. The timing shift is consistent with the carbon areal density increasing throughout the peak of the fusion burn, implying that the carbon portion of the capsule continues to converge. A model finds that the observed timing shift is consistent with a 4π averaged carbon ablator inward velocity of 80 μm/ns for the contemporary National Ignition Facility implosions. The timing shift is possibly related to the energy balance of the implosion, with the expectation that a high performing, igniting capsule would see the carbon gamma rays arrive before the DT fusion peak.

The Study on “Modern and Contemporary National Geography View” from the “National Geography View” in the Pre-Qin Period of China from the Perspective of Geography

Combing the “Historical Records”, “Local Records” and “Travel Notes” in the pre-Qin period in ancient China, and combining with the previous research results, the concept of ethnic geography in the pre-Qin period mainly expresses the orientation correspondence between the ethnic groups in the Central Plains and the surrounding ethnic groups, and views the surrounding ethnic groups with the Central Plains and China as the main body, and compares the “other culture” with the “standard culture”. The most representative view of ethnic geography in pre-Qin period is the Five-Party Pattern Theory in Book of Rites and Imperial System. This paper emphasizes that under the restriction of geographical environment, ethnic geography has changed in living, clothing, food, utensils, etc. These changes have changed the character and culture of the nation (ethnic group). Inspired by the Five-Party Pattern Theory in The Book of Rites, Imperial System, the modern and contemporary national geographical view is to understand the national culture from the cultural holders themselves, and it is an explanation of the integrity, humanity and differentiation of the geographical environment. Reflect the national geographical view, that is, the information carrier, through the aspects of food, clothing, housing and transportation. According to the cognitive level, there are three forms of ethnic geography: religious ethnic geography, theoretical ethnic geography and empirical ethnic geography. From the perspective of geography, ethnic geography also has temporal and regional characteristics.

Nationalism in the neoliberal order: Old wine in new bottles?

AbstractThis paper explores the forms and contents of contemporary nationalism in Europe and North America, what used to be called the ‘West’. This nationalism responds in opposite and sometimes contradictory ways to a neoliberal order of globalization, welfare‐state retreat and a heightened sense of insecurity. I distinguish between populist and statist forms of contemporary nationalism, and within the statist between a compensatory and a constitutive logic of linking it with neoliberalism. Under the constitutive logic, nationalism may adopt certain features of the neoliberal order itself, which yields a ‘neoliberal nationalism’. Nonethnic yet exclusive of those who are not contributing, this is a new entry in the nations and nationalism lexicon.

Cultural History, Ritual and Performance: George L. Mosse in Context

George L. Mosse took a ‘cultural turn’ in the latter part of his career, but still early enough to make a pioneering contribution to the study of political culture and in particular what he called political ‘liturgy’, including marches, processions, and practices of commemoration. He adapted to the study of nationalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the approach to the history of ritual developed by historians of medieval and early modern Europe, among them his friend Ernst Kantorowicz. More recently, the concept of ritual, whether religious or secular, has been criticized by some cultural historians on the grounds that it implies a fixed ‘script’ in situations that were actually marked by fluidity and improvisation. In this respect cultural historians have been part of a wider trend that includes sociologists and anthropologists as well as theatre scholars and has been institutionalized as Performance Studies. Some recent studies of contemporary nationalism in Tanzania, Venezuela and elsewhere have adopted this perspective, emphasizing that the same performance may have different meanings for different sections of the audience. It is only to be regretted that Mosse did not live long enough to respond to these studies and that their authors seem unaware of his work.

Brexit and invasive species: a case study of the cognitive and affective encoding of ‘abject nature’ in contemporary nationalist ideology

ABSTRACT The article addresses the issue of invasive non-native species in Britain and its proximate cultural and political implications. Notably, it charts the co-option of this issue by sections of the nationalist press since the escalation of the European migrant crisis in 2015 and their strategic metaphorical alignment of human and extra-human migration, particularly in the period surrounding the Brexit referendum. These reports serve as the basis for a wider conjunctural analysis; assessing contemporary figurations of nature in nationalist ideology, the ideological importance of such metaphor framing techniques, and the common speculation that climate anxieties are being displaced onto new forms of anti-immigrant racism. Contextualizing the reports against a broader history of deploying metaphors of ‘abject nature’ in xenophobic and racist discourse, the article traces the outline of an emergent politics of abjection shaped by historically specific constructions of both race and nature.

Contemporary National Trends and Variations of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Patients Undergoing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Previous studies showed suboptimal adherence to clinical practice guidelines for pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during radical prostatectomy (RP). Robot-assisted RP (RARP) has become the predominant surgical management for localized prostate cancer in the United States but contemporary national data on PLND adherence during RARP are still lacking. RARPs for clinically localized (cT1-2N0M0) intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 in National Cancer Database were identified. Outcome of interest was PLND and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify whether patient demographics and facility characteristics were associated with the outcome. We included 115,355 patients in the final cohort (intermediate-risk=86,314, high-risk=29,041). From 2010 to 2016, there was an increasing trend of PLND in the overall, intermediate-risk, and high-risk cohorts. In 2016, PLND was performed in 79.7% of the intermediate-risk and 93.5% of the high-risk patients. Multivariable logistic regressions showed Hispanic race/ethnicity (vs. white) (odds ratio [OR]=0.90, P=.010), lowest socioeconomic status (vs. highest) (OR=0.85, P < .001), rural area (vs. metro area) (OR=0.61, P < .001), and community facility (vs. academic) (OR=0.56, P < .001) were some of the factors associated with lower PLND rate. Variations of PLND rate among reporting facility's locations were also identified. Contemporary national data showed significantly increased PLND rate in patients who underwent RARP for intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer in recent years. However, there were still some variations in PLND rate among different patient populations and facilities. Continued efforts need to be made to further increase PLND rate and narrow or eliminate disparities we identified.