Contemporary Intervention Research Articles

The intervention of Francisco Íñiguez Almech in the Parroquieta de La Seo (Zaragoza, 1935-1936). An example of the contradictions existing in the restoration of Spanish monuments.

La Parroquieta of la Seo in Zaragoza is one of the most relevant works of Aragonese Mudejar art. Built in the 14th century thanks to the patronage of Archbishop Lope Fernández de Luna, its current state is the product of the intervention developed between 1935 and 1936 by Francisco Íñiguez Almech. This restoration, which completely transformed the interior of the temple, had gone practically unnoticed in Aragonese artistic historiography. The objective of this article is to analyse the historical transformation of the building, through the unpublished sources located, also putting it in relation to other projects of the architect and with contemporary interventions, in order to complete another understudied episode until now in the construction history of this unique monument.

The Arabic-Spanish-Jewish School of Poets: Heinrich Heine’s “Jehudah Ben Halevy” and World Literature

This article argues that Heine’s 1851 poem “Jehuda ben Halevy” modifies Goethe’s concept of world literature to make a place within it for the geographically dispersed, multilingual literature of the Jewish diaspora. Heine’s efforts to imagine Jewish literature as world literature resemble those of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement, which made explicit the political implications of Goethean world literature by likening the arrival of Jewish literature in a world literary canon to the achievement of civil rights for German Jews. The article argues, however, that Heine goes further than Jewish scholars like Michael Sachs and Leopold Zunz by suggesting that Jewish literature not only deserves attention as world literature, but that its transculturality and multilingualism anticipate it and provide a model for future thought on world literature. Heine’s reflections in “Jehuda ben Halevy” indeed foreshadow contemporary interventions in the study of world literature regarding the status of medieval literature, untranslatability, and multilingualism.

Job Burnout Mitigation: A Comprehensive Review of Contemporary Strategies and Interventions

This article synthesizes advancements in strategies and interventions for decreasing job burnout, with an emphasis on evaluating their effectiveness, implementation challenges, and practical implications across different workplace settings. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on articles published from January 2010 to December 2023. Studies were selected based on their empirical evidence regarding interventions aimed at mitigating job burnout. The review adopts a thematic synthesis approach, categorizing interventions into individual-level, organizational strategies, technology-based interventions, and policy-driven approaches. The review highlights a diverse range of effective strategies for combating job burnout. Individual-level interventions, such as mindfulness and stress management training, show promise in enhancing personal resilience and coping mechanisms. Organizational strategies, including workload adjustments and fostering supportive work environments, are crucial in creating a conducive atmosphere for employee well-being. Technology-based interventions, like digital health tools and AI for workload management, offer innovative solutions for real-time stress monitoring and workload optimization. Policy-driven approaches emphasize the importance of legislative changes and industry standards in safeguarding employee well-being. Challenges in implementation and evaluation of interventions, including methodological limitations and the need for longitudinal studies, are discussed. Addressing job burnout requires a multi-faceted approach, integrating individual, organizational, technological, and policy-level interventions. Future efforts should focus on the development and rigorous evaluation of comprehensive strategies that are scalable, accessible, and tailored to the evolving nature of work. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders are essential in creating sustainable solutions for mitigating job burnout.

Umetnička interpretacija prvog muzejskog ne-predmeta

The integration of contemporary artists' interventions into museum exhibitions and the artistic interpretation of heritage have become increasingly common practices over the last three decades of the 20th century. These creative perspectives often raise questions about dissonant, overlooked, or insufficiently researched heritage, making artistic research projects crucial when exploring the past. Simultaneously, museums, having long-established categories dictating how objects are collected, which reflect once-dominant value systems and attitudes towards knowledge, and with now traditional ways of presenting them to the public - although sometimes too sluggishly, have gradually shifted their focus from solely emphasizing the object to considering its broader context, from a concern for the material aspect to an interest in the immaterial aspect, from preservation for the sake of preservation to the interpretation and representation of heritage in response to social changes. This paper follows the life history of a specific museum object, tracing its journey from the usable to the museum context through the acquisition carried out by the Museum of the History of Yugoslavia in 2010. The paper explores the potential of artistic interpretation in revealing multiple layers of meaning and diverse narratives associated with a single object. By analyzing the video material created by artist Aleksandra Domanović, which presents this object within the museum exhibit, the study also delves into the broader scope of her work, essential for comprehending the entire process of interpretation. Considering that the subject in this case is a non-object, specifically a digital record, the paper addresses the challenges of modernizing the museum's approach to collection practices and the (im) possibility of exhibiting digital objects in the physical space of the museum.

Contemporary left main coronary artery percutaneous intervention in a single cardiac centre

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to left main coronary artery (LMCA) is an alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in selected patients. Contemporary patterns of practice and outcomes in LMCA PCI in Malaysia are not well studied.

Impact of the Finnish Maternity Grant on infant mortality rates in the 20th century: a natural experimental study

BackgroundBaby boxes provide goods to new parents and a space for infant sleeping. They were first introduced in Finland, and it has been argued that the policy helped reduce infant...

Prognostic significance of left ventricular functional parameters in relation to infarct location after ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Aims In survivors of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the impact of infarct location on the prognostic significance of left ventricular functional parameters is not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of left ventricular (LV) functional parameters in relation to infarct location in STEMI patients treated with contemporary primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This observational study analyzed 803 patients with STEMI that underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging scan in median 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–5) days after primary PCI. The following LV functional parameters were evaluated: LV ejection fraction, LV global longitudinal strain, fast manual long-axis strain (LAS) and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE). Primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as composite of death, re-infarction and congestive heart failure. Results Three hundred and sixty nine patients (46%) had anterior STEMI. These patients had lower LV functional parameters including LV ejection fraction (p<0.001), LV global longitudinal strain (p<0.001), LAS (p<0.001) and MAPSE (p<0.014). MACE was evaluated at a median of 13 (IQR: 12–37) months after STEMI and occurred in 78 patients (10%). In receiver operating curve analysis, the predictive value of LV ejection fraction, LV global longitudinal strain, LAS and MAPSE was 0.59 (p=0.013), 0.64 (p<0.001), 0.67 (p<0.001) and 0.66 (p<0.001), respectively. When divided according to infarct location, MACE occurred in 47 (13%) anterior STEMI patients, and in 31 (7%) non-anterior STEMI patients, respectively. Area under the curve for the prediction of MACE in anterior vs. non-anterior STEMI was 0.59 vs 0.55 for LV ejection fraction, 0.61 vs 0.63 for LV global longitudinal strain, 0.69 vs 0.62 for LAS and both 0.66 for MAPSE. In multivariable analysis, LAS was independently associated with an increased risk of MACE (hazard ratio: 1.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.30; p<0.001) in anterior STEMI, whereas in non-anterior STEMI, LV global longitudinal strain was an independent predictor of MACE (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.38; p=0.002). Conclusion Fast manual LAS emerged as independent predictor of MACE in anterior STEMI treated with contemporary primary PCI whereas LV global longitudinal strain was independently associated with MACE in non-anterior STEMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Austrian Society of Cardiology

Shared Decision Making and Peer Support: New Directions for Research and Practice.

Shared Decision Making and Peer Support: New Directions for Research and Practice.

Relationship of Aging, Inflammation, and Skeletal Stem Cells and Their Effects on Fracture Repair.

This review summarizes recent investigations into the cellular and molecular effects of skeletal aging on the inflammatory response and stem cell function after fracture. Proper regulation of the inflammatory phase of fracture healing is essential. Aging is associated with chronic inflammation, which inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption. Osteogenic differentiation and anti-senescence pathways in skeletal stem cells are impaired in geriatric fractures. As the population ages, fragility fractures will continue to represent a significant clinical problem, which will require innovative clinical solutions. Skeletal stem cells in geriatric individuals demonstrate defects in anti-senescence pathways that lead to impaired osteogenic differentiation in vitro in humans. Small molecule-based therapies can partially reverse the aging phenotype. In the future, molecular- or cell-based therapies modulating either inflammatory cells or skeletal stem cells represent potential therapeutic targets to augment contemporary fracture healing interventions in osteoporotic or aging individuals.

Invasive Real Time Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loops to Monitor Dynamic Changes in Cardiac Mechanoenergetics During Structural Heart Interventions: Design and Rationale of a Prospective Single-Center Study

BackgroundTranscatheter valvular interventions affect cardiac and hemodynamic physiology by changing ventricular (un-)loading and metabolic demand as reflected by cardiac mechanoenergetics. Real-time quantifications of these changes are scarce. Pressure-volume loop (PVL) monitoring appraises both load-dependent and load-independent compounds of cardiac physiology including myocardial work, ventricular unloading, and ventricular-vascular interactions. The primary objective is to describe changes in physiology induced by transcatheter valvular interventions using periprocedural invasive biventricular PVL monitoring. The study hypothesizes transcatheter valve interventions modify cardiac mechanoenergetics that translate into improved functional status at 1-month and 1-year follow-up. MethodsIn this single-center prospective study, invasive PVL analysis is performed in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement or tricuspid or mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair. Clinical follow-up is per standard of care at 1 and 12 months. This study aims to include 75 transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients and 41 patients in both transcatheter edge-to-edge repair cohorts. ResultsThe primary outcome is the periprocedural change in stroke work, potential energy, and pressure-volume area (mmHg mL−1). The secondary outcomes comprise changes in a myriad of parameters obtained by PVL measurements, including ventricular volumes and pressures and the end-systolic elastance—effective arterial elastance ratio as a reflection of ventricular—vascular coupling. A secondary endpoint associates these periprocedural changes in cardiac mechanoenergetics with functional status at 1 month and 1 year. ConclusionsThis prospective study aims to elucidate the fundamental changes in cardiac and hemodynamic physiology during contemporary transcatheter valvular interventions.

Conceptualising Drivers of Illegal Hunting by Local Hunters Living in or Adjacent to African Protected Areas: A Scoping Review

Illegal hunting of wildlife by community members abutting African protected areas contributes to unsustainable use of wildlife, resulting in significant declines in wildlife populations. Contemporary intervention measures have largely been ineffective, leading to pervasive and persistent illegal hunting. Such illegal hunting of wildlife is partly exacerbated by poor understanding of what motivates people to hunt illegally. Applying a scoping review approach, this study aims at developing concepts for drivers of illegal hunting and how they influence illegal hunting behaviour by local hunters living in or adjacent to African protected areas. A total of 30 publications were included for review analysis from 1014 publications retrieved using data base searches on Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The study identified 12 proximate and five underlying drivers, which were categorised into 10 thematic drivers of illegal hunting by local hunters. The need for survival and sustaining livelihoods was conceptualised as the key thematic driver of illegal hunting by local hunters. The study represents a novel work of conceptualising drivers of illegal hunting by local hunters with implications on the persistence of illegal hunting in Africa.

Ejection Fraction Improvement Following Contemporary High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: RESTORE EF Study Results.

Despite many reports of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HRPCI) with hemodynamic support, little is known about whether this approach improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The purpose of the present observational study was to examine, in an ideal patient population with Impella-supported HRPCI, whether there is an impact on left ventricular function at midterm follow-up. RESTORE EF is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected observational data set that aimed to assess 90-day LVEF in patients undergoing Impella-supported nonemergent HRPCI (NCT04648306), who survived with no intervening cardiac procedures prior to the primary endpoint follow-up window (90-day LVEF assessment). Secondary endpoints included change in New York Heart Association Functional Classification and Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grade at the last follow-up. From August 2019 to May 2021, 406 patients were enrolled at 22 US sites. Age was 70.2​​±​​11.4​​years; 26% were female. In paired assessment at 90-day follow-up, baseline LVEF improved from 35​​±​​15% to 45​​±​​14% (N = 251, P < .0001), with significantly greater improvement in patients with residual SYNTAX score I of 0. Percentage classified as New York Heart Association class III/IV decreased from 62% at baseline to 15% at last follow-up (P < .001), and percentage with Canadian Cardiovascular Society grade III/IV symptoms decreased from 72% to 2% (P < .0001). In an ideal cohort of HRPCI patients, there is a signal that hemodynamically supported HRPCI affords significant improvement in 90-day LVEF, with complete revascularization associated with greater LVEF improvement. These hypothesis-generating findings merit further assessment in large, all-comer studies and randomized trials.

The Effect of Social Cognitive Interaction Training on Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparison with Conventional Treatment.

Background Existing antipsychotic medications may alleviate the majority of patients' symptoms, but they have no discernible impact on improving social function and quality of life. Psychotherapy is required for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, contemporary psychotherapy technology intervention techniques are limited to a single intervention, and there is a lack of holistic and complete intervention approaches. Social cognition and interaction training is a comprehensive therapy strategy that has been employed in clinical practice; however, the therapeutic efficacy has been inconsistently reported. As a result, we included controlled clinical trials for meta-analysis in order to carefully assess the efficacy of this therapy. Methods This meta-analysis searched all RCT literatures related to social cognitive interaction training (SCIT) published before April 2022 and assessed the effect of this method in the treatment of schizophrenia. The data in the literatures were combined, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to predict the negative symptom score, positive symptom score, PANSS score, and social function score of the patients after treatment. Results 14 RCT studies including 1167 inpatients with schizophrenia were included in this study using a retrospective observational study method, including 590 patients treated with SCIT and 577 patients treated with treatment as usual (TAU). The pooled analysis showed that patients after SCIT had lower negative symptom scores (SMD = −1.66, 95% CI (-2.32, -1.00), P < 0.0001), lower positive symptom scores (MD = −4.03, 95% CI (-7.69, -0.36), P = 0.03), lower PANSS total scores (MD = −6.33, 95% CI (-12.43, -0.23), P = 0.02), and higher social functioning scores (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI (0.34, 1.20), P < 0.001) than those after TAU. Conclusion Our findings support that SCIT is helpful to improve the relief of symptoms and the improvement of social function in patients with schizophrenia, providing a basis for the application of SCIT in hospitalized patients and community patients, and can guide the treatment and intervention of patients with schizophrenia.

Contemporary nutrition-based interventions to reduce risk of infection among elderly long-term care residents: A scoping review.

BackgroundElderly long-term care residents (ELTCRs) face considerable burden of infection, especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nutritional status of the host can influence susceptibility to infection by altering immune system integrity, therefore, nutrition-based interventions may be a viable complement to existing infection prevention measures.ObjectiveThis scoping review sought to identify nutritional interventions and factors that have the strongest evidence to benefit ELTCRs, and thus best poised for rigorous clinical trial evaluation and subsequent implementation.MethodsA database search of OVID-Medline, OVID-Embase, and Web of Science was performed from 2011 to 2021 to identify nutritional intervention studies which attribute to changes in infection in contemporary ELTCR settings. Articles were screened in duplicate and data extraction completed by a single reviewer, while a second reviewer verified the data which was fitted to identify evidence for nutritional interventions related to reducing rates of infection among ELTCRs.ResultsThe search identified 1018 studies, of which 11 (nine clinical trials and two observational cohort studies) satisfied screening criteria. Interventions that significantly reduced risk of infection included whey protein (any infection), Black Chokeberry (urinary tract infection), and vitamin D (acute respiratory tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection). Both zinc and a dedicated meal-plan significantly improved lymphocyte parameters. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the development of respiratory tract infections. Probiotic and soy-based protein interventions did not significantly affect risk of infection or lymphocyte parameters, respectively.ConclusionThe current scoping review was effective in identifying the use of nutrition-based interventions for infection prevention among ELTCRs. In this study, some nutrition-based interventions were observed to significantly influence the risk of infection among ELTCRs. Nutritional interventions such as vitamin D (preventing deficiency/insufficiency), Black Chokeberry juice, zinc gluconate, whey protein, and varied and nutrient dense meal plans may be suitable for future rigorous clinical trial evaluation.

Interventions at La Moneda Palace, from the 19TH, 20TH, and 21ST centuries. The projects and their architects

The Palacio de La Moneda, or La Moneda Palace, is the seat of the Presidency and the Executive Power of Chile, the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security, the General Secretariat of the Presidency, and the General Secretariat of the Government. It is one of the main historical and most important buildings in Chile in terms of its current representative function, as the Government Palace. Since its construction, in 1786, it has been the witness and star of the historical-political and social-urban evolution of the nation, of events that have been expressed in its own architectural metamorphosis and the evolution of the urban fabric. Designed by architect Joaquín Toesca, a disciple of Francesco Sabatini, a professional of the court of Carlos III, King of Spain (1759-1788), the Palace is the main example of Neoclassicism in Chile. It was inaugurated in 1805 as the Royal Mint of Santiago, to mint the kingdom's currency. After the independence of Chile, in 1845, the Seat of Government and Presidential Residence moved to the building. It is on this date that it adopts its representative function, and therefore, the moment where the first important modification of its floorplan took place, beginning a process of continuous evolution characterized by the dynamic transformation and permanent adaptation of its architecture, through successive interventions, functional updates, and its reconstruction after the 1973 air raid. The lack of an organized and detailed record of its permanent alterations makes it difficult to understand them from their current state and for possible future interventions. As a result, this article presents the most important and significant changes on the perception of the building, thus becoming the first organized record of contemporary interventions of La Moneda Palace.

The past, present, and future of pT0 in bladder cancer clinical trials.

Since the establishment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as the standard of care for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer, the pathologic absence of disease, denoted pT0, was found to be predictive of improved overall survival. Accordingly, it has been used in clinical trials as an optimal surrogate outcome measure, even in contemporary nonchemotherapeutic interventions. We review the role of pT0 as a catalyst for change in trial design and its suitability to facilitate more efficient and timely results. In addition, we explore the present and future of cT0, the clinical absence of disease, in defining treatment response and enabling bladder-sparing management options. The use of pT0 as a surrogate has provided initial results for the efficacy of immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant space. In combination with molecular markers, pT0 has improved our ability to identify treatment responders and its clinical counterpart, cT0, has been integrated into multiple trials to redefine postneoadjuvant chemotherapy management algorithms. The use of pT0 as a surrogate endpoint in bladder cancer trials has improved clinical trial design, defined efficacy of emerging therapeutics, and has the potential to redefine the postneoadjuvant treatment management for patients seeking bladder-sparing options.

Artistic research within a lab of possibilities: exploring post-digital ignorance in “a’21 amberNetworkFestival”

During COVID-19, the emergence of collective knowledge production networking, the development of common resource pools and resilient commoning practices were thoroughly weakened. In addition, such a paradigmatic crisis has made ignorance and its consequences more visible on a planetary scale. In this article, we asked what kind of research would enable us to explore the possibilities of co-learning and critically reflect on the various forms of ignorance production for the purposes of commoning in a range of settings. Based on laboratory studies in Science, Technology and Society (STS), we aim to explore the contemporary interventions of community building and commoning practices performed in artistic research. Becoming powerful creative forces in their own right, art and technology festivals have augmented the possibilities of how various actors relate to each other, express themselves to wider society, and self-organize in order to challenge current problems on a planetary scale. Our ethnographic study, which included interviews, document analysis, participant observations, case study, game design and online focus group meetings, was based on a hybrid mode of artistic research within a’21 amberNetworkFestival, a co-curated, decentralized and translocal art and technology festival. As a self-reflexive research outcome, the findings of our study reveal that artistic research merging scientific study, online applications, gamification, and performance can be developed for the examination of ignorance production and enhance translocal commoning, co-production and co-learning in various settings. Thus, artistic research within “a lab of possibilities” can allow different communities to collaborate on a common task by providing coordination without consensus.

9 Resisting and Remaking Heritage Work: An Archaeology of the Surface in Acre's Old City

ABSTRACTThe Old City of Acre (‘Akka) is home to a predominantly Palestinian community within the larger Israeli municipality of Acre. Bounded by late eighteenth and early nineteenth century land and sea walls, the Old City's dense mix of Ottoman and Crusader‐era architecture sits on a peninsula less than one square kilometer in area on the Mediterranean coast. In 2001, the World Heritage Committee designated the Old City as a UNESCO World Heritage site, intensifying the Israeli state project of developing the city as an international tourist attraction. This chapter examines contemporary interventions on the surfaces of the Old City by way of photographic surface survey. Documented surface interventions include residents’ deposition of bread for animals to eat and fishermen to use as bait and surface adornments that reflect local aesthetic values. An archaeological analysis draws attention to an expansive repertoire of local care practices. Residents selectively appropriate the language and work of “heritage” to represent their own histories and serve their own aspirations against the grain of the state project, offering an alternative theorization of heritage that insists on maintaining ‘Akka as at once a historic and livable space.

Identifying strategies for facilitating physical activity among older adults: A behaviour change wheel 'retrofit' driven analysis of Victorian local government policy.

The significance of physical activity (PA) for the health and wellbeing of older adults is well documented. Local government (LG) publish PA policy and interventions to encourage and improve older adult PA participation. However, LG documents have rarely been studied to examine the extent to which LG incorporates evidence-based strategies into the development of older adult PA policy. The behaviour change wheel (BCW) 'retrofitting' approach was used to identify and explain available evidence-based PA policies and interventions across 10 Victorian LGs. A document analysis was completed using LG policy and involved elements of content analysis and thematic analysis. The analysis found 41 documents that included policy and interventions to encourage and improve PA among older adults. Some of the more popular BCW combinations included service provision and enablement and environmental/social planning, and environmental restructuring. In addition, LGs embrace modifying the built environment and creating partnerships. However, our results suggest that some are not considering modelling or incentives to increase PA. According to the BCWs, Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Side-effects, and Equity (APEASE) criteria, it is not feasible for Victorian LGs to be including all intervention functions and supporting policy functions. However, contemporary older adult PA intervention literature suggests LGs could benefit from including incentives and modelling into current PA policy. SO WHAT?: This research is one of the first to identify and explain how Victorian LGs facilitate PA participation among older adults. This research will guide Victorian LGs when drafting and implementing PA policy in the future.

The effect of architecture design as the non-digital component to the digital industry development—case study ‘Brick Factory’ in Prishtina, Kosovo

Buildings that were once the machinery of production, and influencing not only the economic but also the social relations of the inhabitants, and while now those spaces remain 'dead,' it questions and at the same time strives for contemporary intervention to restore vitality and give more to the neighborhood. Neglected industrial facilities of the 'Brick Factory' in Prishtina will be the objective of this study. This research will attempt to give a new function to the current state of the building and its surroundings and new opportunities around it for the Kosovo young generation trying to fight the high unemployment and migration rates. Digital technologies have spread speedily in the world. In many instances, digital technologies have boosted growth, expanded opportunities, and improved services, and, at the same time, have provided an excellent basis for employment (World Bank, World development report 2016: digital dividends, World Bank, Washington, 2016). However, the advantages of digital technologies will be understood better when knowing how digital technology relates with other non-digital components, such as architecture, that are equally important for development. This study aims to connect them coherently and create a stimulating dialogue. Bringing the appropriate digital and non-digital components into the underdeveloped neighborhood enhances its inhabitant's economic development and social and emotional growth.