Contamination Of Water Bodies Research Articles

Ligand Modulation on the Various Structures of Three Zinc(II)-Based Coordination Polymers for Antibiotics Degradation

The efficient removal of organic contaminants from wastewater is, nowadays, a prominent area of study due to its biological as well as environmental significance. Antibiotics are now found in wastewater because of their high use, which has become a source of aquatic pollution. These antibiotics have dangerous implications for people's health. Hence, effective pharmaceutical removal from wastewater and contaminated water bodies, especially the removal of antibiotics, is of major interest to global research organizations. This is why it is necessary to investigate this class of toxic material in wastewater discharge. We synthesized three different coordination polymers (CPs) in the presence of various assistant carboxylate linkers, namely, [Zn(Hbtc)(dip)]n (1), [Zn4(1,2-bdc)4(dip)4]n (2), and [Zn(1,4-bdc)(dip)]n (3) (3,5-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine = dip, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid = H3btc, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid = 1,2-H2bdc, and 1,4-benzendicarboxylic acid = 1,4-bdc). These CPs were characterized by using different techniques, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural studies demonstrated that in 2, there are four Zn(II) centers and both centers are in different coordination environments (Zn2 has distorted tetrahedral geometry, whereas Zn1, Zn3, and Zn4 have square pyramidal geometry). Hirshfeld surfaces analysis revealed that different types of intermolecular interactions (C⋯C, H⋯C, H⋯H, O⋯C, N⋯H, and O⋯H) are present in the synthesized CPs. We examined the different antibiotics, such as metronidazole (MDZ), nitrofurazone (NFZ), dimetridazole (DTZ), sulfasalazine(SLA), and oxytetracycline (OXY), degradation behaviors of the synthesized CPs, which showed remarkable degradation efficiency. 1 showed photocatalytic behavior toward the NFZ antibiotic in an aqueous media. This study also showed that these catalysts are stable and reusable under mild conditions.

Recovery of precious metals from processed wastewater: conventional techniques nexus advanced and pragmatic alternatives

Abstract The loss of highly sought-after metals such as gold, silver, and platinum during extraction processes not only constitutes a significant waste of valuable resources but also contributes to alarming environmental pollution. The ever-growing adverse impacts of these highly valued metals significantly increase the contamination of water bodies on discharge, while reducing the reusability potential of their corresponding processed wastewater. It is, therefore, of great interest to identify pragmatic solutions for the recovery of precious materials from processed water. In this review, pollution from targeted precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium was reviewed and analyzed. Also, the hazardous effects are elicited, and detection techniques are enumerated. An insightful approach to more recent treatment techniques was also discussed. The study reveals nano- and bio-sorption techniques as adoptable pragmatic alternatives, among other techniques, especially for industrial applications with merits of cost, time, waste management, and eco-friendliness. The results indicate that gold (46.2%), palladium (23.1%), platinum (19.2%), and silver (11.5%) are of utmost interest when considering recent recovery techniques. High yield and cost analysis reduction are reasons for the observed preference of this recovery process when considering groups of precious metals. The challenges and prospects of nanomaterials are highlighted.

Selective immobilization of Pb(II) by biogenic whewellite and its mechanism

The development of bio-adsorbents with highly selective immobilization properties for specific heavy metals is a great challenge, but has important application value. Biogenic whewellite (BW) with high selectivity for Pb(II) was synthesized by mineral microbial transformation. The selective immobilization properties and mechanism of BW for Pb(II) were analyzed by combining mineral characterization technology and batch adsorption research methods. The results indicated that BW can efficiently and selectively immobilize Pb(II) in single or composite heavy metal adsorption solutions, and the immobilized Pb(II) is difficult to desorb. BW undergoes monolayer adsorption on Pb(II), Qmax ≈ 1073.17 mg/g. The immobilization of Pb(II) by BW is a physico-chemical adsorption process with spontaneous heat absorption and an accompanying increase in entropy. In addition, the sequestration of Pb(II) by BW remains around 756.99 mg/g even at pH = 1. The excellent selective immobilization properties of BW for Pb(II) are closely related to its smaller Ksp, electrostatic repulsion effect, organic-inorganic composite structure, acid resistance and the formation of Pb(II) oxalate. This study provides beneficial information about the recycling of lead in acidic lead-containing wastewater and composite heavy metal contaminated water bodies.

The use of agro-industrial residues of coffee ( Coffea arabica) for the removal of mercury from water

Contamination of water bodies by heavy metals is a continuously growing environmental issue. High concentrations of mercury (Hg) in river waters are a recognized environmental problem, because it is one of the most toxic heavy metal ions as it causes damage to the central nervous system. Its negative impact has led to the development of different methods for the treatment of effluents contaminated with Hg(II). The aim of this article is to evaluate the use of coffee ( Coffea arabica) residues as adsorbent of Mercury in an aqueous solution. Four kinetic models, including intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were applied to explore the internal mechanism of mercury adsorption. Results indicate that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models could accurately describe the adsorption process. It means that chemical adsorption play an important role in the adsorption of mercury by activated carbon. Meanwhile, the external mass transfer process is more effective in controlling the activated carbon mercury adsorption according to the fitting result of the pseudo-first-order model. The fitting to Langmuir’s model suggested that the material surface is energetically homogeneous. The technique of contaminated biomass encapsulation proved to be safe for short-term disposal when metal recovery is not desired.

Fabrication of dual functional 3D-flower shaped NaYF4:Dy3+/Eu3+ and graphene oxide based NaYF4:Dy3+/Eu3+ nanocomposite material as a potable luminescence sensor and photocatalyst for environmental pharmaceutical pollutant nitrofurazone in aquatic medium

The existence of improper pharmaceutical contaminants in water bodies has endangered the environment and human health worldwide, which makes it ineludible to develop potential dual-functional nanomaterials that not only possess an exceptional luminescence capability but also exhibit simultaneous photodegradation efficiency towards hazardous pharmaceutical residues. Herein, we describe a Dy3+/Eu3+ co-doped NaYF4 (NP) nanostructure and a NP@GO anchored nanocomposite, effectively synthesized via a hydrothermal approach. The as-prepared NP and NP@GO nanostructures were subjected to structural, morphological and compositional characterizations. Interestingly, due to its superior fluorescence behavior, the synthesized Dy3+/Eu3+ co-doped NaYF4 (NP) nanophosphor was screened for turn off sensing of the pharmaceutical drug nitrofurazone (NFZ) in aqueous medium via the FRET approach. The as-designed sensor displayed an excellent luminescence turnoff response with a low limit of detection (LOD and high Stern Volmer quenching constant (Ksv)). Most importantly, the Dy3+/Eu3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanosensor exhibits exceptional selectivity towards NFZ with influential anti-interference behavior. In addition, NP and the NP@GO nanocomposite were used for the photodegradation of NFZ. The NP@GO nanocomposite demonstrated significant photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of NFZ. Within 40 min of solar irradiation, the degradation efficiency of NP and the NP@GO nanocomposite towards NFZ was determined to be 52.4% and 97.5%, respectively. Moreover, the as-synthesized nanocomposite system demonstrated outstanding recyclability for almost three consecutive cycles. Overall, this work outlines a feasible strategy for immediate detection and photocatalytic degradation of NFZ in aqueous medium by employing Dy3+/Eu3+ co-doped NaYF4 (NP) and NP@GO as a potential dual mode nanomaterial.

A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent: Trends and Perspectives in Detection, Health Risks, and Treatment Technologies.

Currently, water pollution represents a serious environmental threat, causing an impact not only to fauna and flora but also to human health. Among these pollutants, inorganic and organic pollutants are predominantly important representing high toxicity and persistence and being difficult to treat using current methodologies. For this reason, several research groups are searching for strategies to detect and remedy contaminated water bodies and effluents. Due to the above, a current review of the state of the situation has been carried out. The results obtained show that in the American continent a high diversity of contaminants is present in the water bodies affecting several aspects, in which in some cases, there exists alternatives to realize the remediation of contaminated water. It is concluded that the actual challenge is to establish sanitation measures at the local level based on the specific needs of the geographical area of interest. Therefore, water treatment plants must be designed according to the contaminants present in the water of the region and tailored to the needs of the population of interest.

Efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of water emerging contaminants through nanoarchitectonics of pore sizes and optical properties of zirconium-based MOFs

Over the past decades, the presence of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants in water bodies is receiving increasing attention due to the high concentration detected from wastewater effluent. Water systems contain a wide range of components coexisting together, which increases the difficulty of removing pollutants from the water. In order to achieve selective photodegradation and to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst on emerging contaminants, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF), termed VNU-1 (VNU represents Vietnam National University) constructed with ditopic linker 1,4-bis(2-[4-carboxyphenyl]ethynyl)benzene (H2CPEB), with enlarged pore size and ameliorated optical properties, was synthesized and applied in this study. When compared to UiO-66 MOFs, which only had 30% photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole, VNU-1 had 7.5 times higher adsorption and reached 100% photodegradation in 10 min. The tailored pore size of VNU-1 resulted in size-selective properties between small-molecule antibiotics and big-molecule humic acid, and VNU-1 maintained high photodegradation performance after 5 cycles. Based on the toxicity test and the scavenger test, the products after photodegradation had no toxic effect on V. fischeri bacteria, and the superoxide radical (·O2-) and holes (h+) generated from VNU-1 dominated the photodegradation reaction. These results demonstrate that VNU-1 is a promising photocatalyst and provide a new insight for developing MOF photocatalyst to remove emerging contaminants in the wastewater systems.

Analysis of Groundwater Quality and Design of Low-Cost Water Purifier

The small portion of available fresh water for human consumption is being contaminated by various anthropogenic sources at a very alarming rate. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. Water pollution is one of many types of pollution which results from contaminants being introduced into the natural environment. Pollution causes adverse change. Pollution of groundwater can occur from on-site sanitation systems, landfills, effluents from wastewater treatment plants, petrol filling stations, leaching sewers, or over-application of fertilizers in agriculture. With this view, an attempt was made to assess the quality of groundwater in the rural area near Vijayawada by examining various physicochemical parameters such as colour, turbidity, odour, pH, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, fluoride, iron, and magnesium to check the suitability of water for human consumption. In this work, samples of water were collected and various parameters regarding the water quality were analysed &compared with Indian Standards: 10500 (Drinking water specifications) to check the acceptability of water for drinking purposes. Further, an attempt is also made to design a low-cost groundwater purifier that works on the process of adsorption using naturally available materials. Keywords: Water purifier, chloride, adsorption,

Current Trends on the Effects of Metal-Based Nanoparticles on Microbial Ecology.

The growing field of nanotechnology and its many applications have led to the irregular release of nanoparticles (NPs), with unintended effects on the environment and continued contamination of water bodies. Metallic NPs are used more frequently in extreme environmental conditions due to their higher efficiency, which attracts more attention in various applications. Due to improper pre-treatment of biosolids, inefficient wastewater treatment practices, and other unregulated agricultural practices continue to contaminate the environment. In particular, the uncontrolled use of NPs in various industrial applications has led to damage to the microbial flora and caused irreplaceable damage to animals and plants. This study focuses on the effect of different doses, types, and compositions of NP on the ecosystem. The review also mentions the impact of various metallic NPs on microbial ecology, their interactions with microorganisms, ecotoxicity studies, and dosage evaluation of the NPs, mainly focused on the review article. However, further research is still needed to understand the complexity of interactions between NPs and microbes in soil and aquatic ecosystems.

Modulation of the morphology of layered Bi5O7NO3 and analysis of its catalytic and antibacterial activity under visible light conditions

The development of efficient photocatalytic antimicrobial agents is considered to be an environmentally friendly low-cost treatment strategy for addressing microbial contamination in water bodies. In this paper, various morphologies of layered Bi5O7NO3 photocatalysts were obtained in the hydrothermal synthesis by altering the pH value of the starting solution, and the selective adsorption ability and photocatalytic degradation behavior of the samples against anionic dyes (methyl orange) and cationic dyes (rhodamine B) were investigated under visible light irradiation. In addition, the broad-spectrum photocatalytic antibacterial effect on Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) was investigated. Experimental results show that controlling morphological size, oxygen vacancy (OV) defect concentration, and relative content of multivalent bismuth in these Bi5O7NO3 photocatalysts by regulating the hydroxide concentration is the key to improving their photocatalytic activity. Abundant defect OVs and multivalent bismuth can operate as electron traps in small-sized materials, improving the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs. Therefore, the B-p8 sample, prepared with an initial solution pH of 8, exhibited a small catalyst size, high OV concentration, and multivalent bismuth and achieved optimal visible light photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the experimental exploration of the antibacterial mechanism revealed the degradation by reactive oxygen species, mainly ·OH and ·O2-, as the mechanism of Bi5O7NO3 photocatalysis. This research work provides a novel and efficient photocatalytic antibacterial nanomaterial and exhibits its prospective application in water purification.

Photo-Antibacterial Activity of Two-Dimensional (2D)-Based Hybrid Materials: Effective Treatment Strategy for Controlling Bacterial Infection.

Bacterial contamination in water bodies is a severe scourge that affects human health and causes mortality and morbidity. Researchers continue to develop next-generation materials for controlling bacterial infections from water. Photo-antibacterial activity continues to gain the interest of researchers due to its adequate, rapid, and antibiotic-free process. Photo-antibacterial materials do not have any side effects and have a minimal chance of developing bacterial resistance due to their rapid efficacy. Photocatalytic two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D-NMs) have great potential for the control of bacterial infection due to their exceptional properties, such as high surface area, tunable band gap, specific structure, and tunable surface functional groups. Moreover, the optical and electric properties of 2D-NMs might be tuned by creating heterojunctions or by the doping of metals/carbon/polymers, subsequently enhancing their photo-antibacterial ability. This review article focuses on the synthesis of 2D-NM-based hybrid materials, the effect of dopants in 2D-NMs, and their photo-antibacterial application. We also discuss how we could improve photo-antibacterials by using different strategies and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the photocatalyst and in the degradation of pollutants. Finally, we discuss was of improving the photo-antibacterial activity of 2D-NMs, the toxicity mechanism, and their challenges.

Conjugated Microporous Polymer Hybrid Microparticles for Enhanced Applicability in Silica‐Boosted Diclofenac Adsorption

Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most widespread and consumed analgesics, thereby causing contamination of water bodies on a global scale. A common approach to tackle this pressing issue is the adsorption of DCF exploiting highly hydrophobic polymers. However, controlling the morphology of such polymers is essential. Adsorption capacities of the presented conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) in bulk‐form, for DCF (qsat) are as low as 13.0 mg g−1 despite exhibiting additional nitrogen moieties to specifically target DCF. Herein, an approach to drastically increase the DCF adsorption by increasing the accessible hydrophobic surface area by coating it around mesoporous silica microspheres is shown. These microspheres do not attribute to the adsorption of DCF themselves, but increase the accessibility of the CMP. Simultaneously, the applicability of the hybrid material is enhanced through higher wettability and more facile separation. As a consequence, an effective adsorbent is formed featuring an adsorption of up to 422 mg DCF per 1 × g CMP for the optimized silica/monomer ratio — comparable to expensive state‐of‐art materials. As the approach combines the advantages of the nano‐ and the micro‐dimension and does not depend on the actual adsorbent material, it holds great potential for general adsorption problems requiring highly engineered systems.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Metronidazole Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supported on Acha Waste

The presence of emerging pollutants like pharmaceutical compounds in the environment is currently an issue of concern. Pharmaceutical compounds often escape conventional treatment systems and are persistent in the receiving environment; thus, the advanced oxidation processes could complement existing treatment methods to completely remove pharmaceuticals from contaminated water bodies. This work investigated the removal of metronidazole by ultra-violet light catalyzed by zinc oxide nanoparticles supported on acha waste. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles, acha waste, and zinc oxide nanoparticles/acha waste composite were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Experimental results revealed that the UV light combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles and/or acha waste was more effective for metronidazole removal in combination than UV alone. The degradation of the metronidazole by UV light only, UV/nano-ZnO, and UV/nano-ZnO/acha waste systems follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The addition of a catalyst to the UV reactor enhanced the degradation of metronidazole (5 mg/L) from 41.0 up to 86.1%. The outcome of this research showed that UV light in the presence of nanometal oxides and composites is an efficient technique for the removal of pharmaceuticals from an aqueous solution.

Treatment of Mine Water with Reverse Osmosis and Concentrate Processing to Recover Copper and Deposit Calcium Carbonate

Mine water usually contains heavy metals and other inorganic and organic pollutants that contaminate water bodies. Reverse osmosis (RO) techniques are capable of producing purified water that meets discharge regulations. However, the problem of RO concentrate disposal and utilization is still not solved. The well-known zero liquid discharge (ZLD) process provides total concentrate utilization at the power industries but seems unreasonably expensive for the treatment of large amounts of mine water due to required chemical softening and the evaporation of concentrate. In the present article, a new approach to increase the recovery of reverse osmosis and to avoid high operational costs is demonstrated and discussed. The new technique involves radical RO concentrate flow reduction and withdrawal, together with dewatered sludge. The idea to "hide" concentrate in dewatered sludge is proposed and demonstrated during experiments. The article demonstrates results of the conducted experimental program aimed at reduction of volumes of all liquid wastes produced during mine water treatment using a new approach to concentrate it with a cascade of nanofiltration membranes and to reach a TDS value of 110-120 g per liter. The obtained concentrate is mixed with the wet sludge, which is further dewatered and withdrawn together with the dewatered sludge. Experiments are conducted that demonstrate a reduction in calcium in the concentrate due to deposition of calcium carbonate on the "seed crystals" in the circulation mode. Another distinguishing feature of the new technique is the separation of concentrate into two streams containing high concentrations of monovalent ions (sodium and ammonium chlorides) and divalent ions (calcium, magnesium and copper sulphates). Flow diagrams of the processes are presented to demonstrate the water treatment technique used to produce deionized water and two types of sludges: sludge after clarification and sludge after calcium carbonate deposition.

Continuous bioreactors enable high-level bioremediation of diesel-contaminated seawater at low and mesophilic temperatures using Antarctic bacterial consortia: Pollutant analysis and microbial community composition

In 2020, more than 21,000 tons of diesel oil were released accidently into the environment with most of it contaminating water bodies. There is an urgent need for sustainable technologies to clean up rivers and oceans to protect wildlife and human health. One solution is harnessing the power of bacterial consortia; however isolated microbes from different environments have shown low diesel bioremediation rates in seawater thus far. An outstanding question is whether Antarctic microorganisms that thrive in environments polluted with hydrocarbons exhibit better diesel degrading activities when propagated at higher temperatures than those encountered in their natural ecosystems.Here, we isolated bacterial consortia, LR-30 (30 °C) and LR-10 (10 °C), from the Antarctic rhizosphere soil of Deschampsia antarctica (Livingston Island), that used diesel oil as the only carbon substrate. We found that LR-30 and LR-10 batch bioreactors metabolized nearly the entire diesel content when the initial concentration was 10 (g/L) in seawater. Increasing the initial diesel concentration to 50 gDiesel/L, LR-30 and LR-10 bioconverted 33.4 and 31.2 gDiesel/L in 7 days, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing profiles revealed that the dominant bacterial genera of the inoculated LR-30 community were Achromobacter (50.6%), Pseudomonas (25%) and Rhodanobacter (14.9%), whereas for LR-10 were Pseudomonas (58%), Candidimonas (10.3%) and Renibacterium (7.8%). We also established continuous bioreactors for diesel biodegradation where LR-30 bioremediated diesel at an unprecedent rate of (34.4 g/L per day), while LR-10 achieved (24.5 g/L per day) at 10 °C for one month. The abundance of each bacterial genera present significantly fluctuated at some point during the diesel bioremediation process, yet Achromobacter and Pseudomonas were the most abundant member at the end of the batch and continuous bioreactors for LR-30 and LR-10, respectively.

IoT Based System for Sewage Overflow Prevention using Heterogeneous Communication Networks

The increasing population along with water scarcity give rise to water management practices. Water scarcity can be eradicated by wastewater treatment that would in turn prevent contamination of water bodies. One of the challenges in wastewater treatment is to efficiently transport and treat the sewage in a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Most of the existing STPs in closed campuses of Indian scenarios such as academic institutions, industries, and residential apartments employ several pumping stations in a campus and pump motors in each station that pump sewage to STP for treatment. Manual operation of such motors would lead to sump overflows that negatively impact public health and sanitation. Therefore, an IoT-based system for monitoring and controlling sewage flow is proposed in this paper that uses water level sensors and prevents sewage overflows in pumping station sumps, resulting in the utilisation of all the collected sewage for treatment. Since each campus might have different communication networks such as GPRS, WiFi, RF, or Ethernet, the proposed system is designed to work with any network. The proposed system was tested in the college campus with three pumping stations. Moreover, a test bed was simulated and tested with 100 pumping stations. It is observed that the proposed approach prevents sewage overflows in various scenarios with different constraints.

Antibiotic Resistance of Microbiotas of Fishery Enterprises Hydro Ecosystems

The aquatic environment is an integral part of biocenosis that directly affects its condition and safety in terms of epidemiology and epizootology. The study of the aquatic environment for the presence of pathogens and the quantitative characteristics of sanitary-indicative microorganisms is extremely important. The obtained data allow us to assess and predict the risks of infections, and to develop a plan of measures to prevent the spread of certain pathogens. The aim of the work. To analyze the microbial state of the aquatic environment in different hydro ecosystems of fish farms in the Kharkiv region and to assess the presence of microbiological risks to public health. Methods. The research objects were 150 samples of water taken from different hydro ecosystems in the Kharkiv region. Water was taken from closed water supply systems (n=30) and from ponds (n=120), where commercial fish is bred for sale. The presence and number of sanitary-indicative microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria were determined by the bacteriological (cultural) method. Resistances to antibacterial drugs in selected sanitary-indicative microorganisms were determined using the Agar disk-diffusion method. Estimation of the reliability of the difference between the compared indicators was determined using Student’s t-test. Results. The dominant sanitary-indicative microorganisms in the aquatic environment of fish farming were bacteria of the genus Citrobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp. The total bacterial contamination of water bodies ranged from 1.9±0.50×104 to 2.1±1.20×105 CFU in 1 cm3 of water. No pathogenic to humans bacteria have been detected. Isolated sanitary-indicative microorganisms had significant resistance to antibacterial drugs. Resistance to penicillins, sulfonamides, and nitrofurans was the highest (p=0.0001). The percentage of penicillin resistance strains ranged from 81.5% to 87.0%, sulfonamide — from 74.1% to 94.4%, and nitrofuran — from 55.5% to 66.7%. Fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistance varied depending on the type of antibacterial substance, but it did not exceed 29.6%. Conclusions. According to the research results for the aquatic environment of fish farms in the Kharkiv region, no pathogenic microorganisms were detected. However, it has been established that sanitary-indicating microorganisms (Citrobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp.), which were dominant and had polyresistance to antibacterial drugs, may be risk factors for human health. Thus, the hydro ecosystems of fish farms have favorable conditions for the accumulation of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, the use of antibacterial drugs should be scientifi cally justifi ed and strictly controlled.

Imidazolium functionalized polysulfone/DTPA-chitosan composite beads for simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions

Simultaneous removal of chromium(VI) oxyanions and heavy metal cations from contaminated water body is of great significance. In this work, a novel and bifunctional sorbent, imidazolium functionalized polysulfone/DTPA-chitosan composite bead (IMPSF/DACS) was successfully constructed by phase inversion method and applied for co-removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Cu(II) on IMPSF/DACS in single system at pH 5 were 56.72 and 43.05 mg g−1, respectively. In binary system, the removal of Cr(VI) could be further enhanced by the presence of Cu(II) due to the electrostatic shielding effect, while Cu(II) sorption was not significantly affected by the coexistence of Cr(VI). Moreover, IMPSF/DACS could simultaneously reduce low concentrations of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) in simulated contaminated lake water below the limit, while also showing good reusability in co-removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II). The order of inhibitory effect of competing anions on Cr(VI) removal was as follows: H2PO4− < Cl− < NO3− < SO42−, while the competing hardness cations had a little effects on the adsorption of Cu(II), implying that the Cr(VI) removal was mainly depended on the electrostatic attraction between Cr(VI) and imidazolium ions modified on IMPSF/DACS, and Cu(II) uptake was associated with chelation of DACS encapsulated in IMPSF/DACS beads. These assumptions were confirmed by XPS, FTIR and EDS-mapping techniques.

Porous Materials for Water Purification

AbstractWater pollution is a growing threat to humanity due to the pervasiveness of contaminants in water bodies. Significant efforts have been made to separate these hazardous components to purify polluted water through various methods. However, conventional remediation methods suffer from limitations such as low uptake capacity or selectivity, and current water quality standards cannot be met. Recently, advanced porous materials (APMs) have shown promise in improved segregation of contaminants compared to traditional porous materials in uptake capacity and selectivity. These materials feature merits of high surface area and versatile functionality, rendering them ideal platforms for the design of novel adsorbents. This Review summarizes the development and employment of APMs in a variety of water treatments accompanied by assessments of task‐specific adsorption performance. Finally, we discuss our perspectives on future opportunities for APMs in water purification.

Porous Materials for Water Purification.

Water pollution is a growing threat to humanity due to the pervasiveness of contaminants in water bodies. Significant efforts have been made to separate these hazardous components to purify polluted water through various methods. However, conventional remediation methods suffer from limitations such as low uptake capacity or selectivity, and current water quality standards cannot be met. Recently, advanced porous materials (APMs) have shown promise in improved segregation of contaminants compared to traditional porous materials in uptake capacity and selectivity. These materials feature merits of high surface area and versatile functionality, rendering them ideal platforms for the design of novel adsorbents. This Review summarizes the development and employment of APMs in a variety of water treatments accompanied by assessments of task-specific adsorption performance. Finally, we discuss our perspectives on future opportunities for APMs in water purification.