Storage Containers Research Articles

Combined EKF–LSTM algorithm-based enhanced state-of-charge estimation for energy storage container cells

Combined EKF–LSTM algorithm-based enhanced state-of-charge estimation for energy storage container cells

Storage Conditions Influence the Quality of Ginger - A Stability Study Inspired by Clinical Trials.

Ginger has traditionally been used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting; however, the results of clinical trials are ambiguous. The efficacy of ginger is attributed to gingerols and their metabolites, shogaols. Since these compounds have different pharmacological profiles, the clinical efficacy of ginger products is largely dependent on their chemical composition. The goal of our study was to examine the stability of ginger, determining the 6-gingerol contents in order to assess the effects of different storage conditions. We have performed a 6-month stability test with dry ginger rhizome samples stored in a constant climate chamber in three different storage containers (uncovered glass container, glass container sealed with rubber stopper, and plastic container). The 6-gingerol contents were measured by HPLC method. The concentration of 6-gingerol decreased in all samples. In the sealed glass container, the decrease in 6-gingerol content was significantly lower than in the unsealed glass container and in the plastic container. These results demonstrate that storage conditions have a significant impact on the quality of ginger, which may also affect efficacy.

Acidic Derivatization of Thiols Using Diethyl 2-Methylenemalonate: Thiol-Michael Addition Click Reaction for Simultaneous Analysis of Cysteine and Cystine in Culture Media Using LC-MS/MS.

Cysteine (Cys) and its oxidized form, cystine (Cys2), play crucial roles in biological systems and have considerable applications in cell culture. However, Cys in cell culture media is easily oxidized to Cys2, leading to solubility issues. Traditional analytical methods struggle to maintain the oxidation states of Cys and Cys2 during analysis, posing a significant challenge to accurately measuring and controlling these compounds. To effectively control the Cys and Cys2 levels, a rapid and accurate analytical method is required. Here, we screened derivatizing reagents that can react with Cys even under acidic conditions to realize a novel analytical method for simultaneously determining Cys and Cys2 levels. Diethyl 2-methylenemalonate (EMM) was found to possess the desired traits. EMM, characterized by its dual electron-withdrawing attributes, allowed for a rapid reaction with Cys under acidic conditions, preserving intact information for understanding the functions of target compounds. Combined with LC-MS/MS and an internal standard, this method provided high analytical accuracy in a short analytical time of 9 min. Using the developed method, the rapid oxidation of Cys in cell culture media was observed with the headspace of the storage container considerably influencing Cys oxidation and Cys2 precipitation rates. The developed method enabled the direct and simplified analysis of Cys behavior in practical media samples and could be used in formulating new media compositions, ensuring quality assurance, and real-time analysis of Cys and Cys2 in cell culture supernatants. This novel approach holds the potential to further enhance the media performance by enabling the timely optimal addition of Cys.

Design of Retention Pond Kacang Pedang Area as a Water Tourism Recreation Using Water Sensitive Urban Design

The issue of changes in natural conditions, Pangkal Pinang City as a downstream area of the Baturusa Watershed (DAS) with a city center whose city morphology is a basin resulting in Pangkal Pinang City receiving excessive water runoff, plus land deforestation due to illegal mining in the upstream river which is directly adjacent to the Regency Central Bangka which causes excessive sedimentation and poorly connected drainage channels. The existence of high rainfall intensity and the uncontrolled capacity of the retention pond causes the water level to rise which then flows into the retention pond area. As a result, the Rangkui river causes excessive water runoff, resulting in floods that spread to residential areas and the center of Pangkal Pinang City. The purpose of this study was to provide design concepts for the retention pond area using the Water Sensitive Urban Design method as a strategy for urban water management, particularly in the region of raw water sources. The design process is a fragmented one that starts with a collection of regional design-related problems and ends with a simulation of regional design. Recreational, residential, and educational activities will all be accommodated within the design area’s 94 hectares. The design of the area will focus on urban design elements combined with normative principles, namely land use, intensity and building, circulation and parking, pedestrian ways, open spaces, signage, preservation, and activity support. In addition, the design simulation will also focus on the water management system in the area with a WSUD technical approach that is directed to focus on efforts to infiltrate rainwater and provide rainwater storage containers, both in open spaces, green areas, and buildings.

Evaluation of charging process performance of phase change material enhanced with a partially filled metal matrix: A numerical study

Phase change materials (PCMs) may be employed in thermal energy storage to bridge the gap between supply and demand for energy. The main obstacle to PCMs' broad adoption is their limited heat conductivity, leading to their rates of energy recovery and storage being sluggish. This work focuses on tackling this difficulty by adopting a honeycomb structure to improve the performance of a phase-change material using a two-dimensional numerical simulation of melting time. The thermal behavior of a two-dimensional rectangular thermal storage container with phase change material and a honeycomb structure HCS partly filled in the enclosure was the focus of the studies. The current work compares the thermal behavior during melting in a rectangular cavity filled with (Pure PCM alone, Bottom, and Top HCS configurations) that are exposed to a continuous heat source, both with and without natural convection. The solidification/melting module of the commercial CFD software ‘ANSYS Fluent’, which is based on the enthalpy-porosity model, permits modeling based on a transient calculation, making it feasible to examine the charging process of eicosane. For all three configurations, the evolution of the liquid fraction is represented. The storage unit's thermal performance is improved by the use of partially filled honeycomb structures (HCS), according to numerical findings. The optimal reduction in total melting time is attained through the implementation of a top-HCS arrangement, yielding a significant 11% enhancement when natural convection is neglected, while the inclusion of a honeycomb matrix enables only a 3% improvement for the bottom-HCS configuration. Moreover, outcomes reveal that natural convection minimizes melting time differences between the three studied configurations and expedites the process, notably benefiting the reference configuration compared to the two other scenarios. Furthermore, the outcomes demonstrate that natural convection reduces discrepancies in melting times among the three studied configurations and accelerates the charging process. The influence of natural convection is notably more significant for the reference case.

Assessment of Run-Off Waters Resulting from Lithium-Ion Battery Fire-Fighting Operations

As the use of Li-ion batteries is spreading, incidents in large energy storage systems (stationary storage containers, etc.) or in large-scale cell and battery storages (warehouses, recyclers, etc.), often leading to fire, are occurring on a regular basis. Water remains one of the most efficient fire extinguishing agents for tackling such battery incidents, and large quantities are usually necessary. Since batteries contain various potentially harmful components (metals and their oxides or salts, solvents, etc.) and thermal-runaway-induced battery incidents are accompanied by complex and potentially multistage fume emissions (containing both gas and particles), the potential impact of fire run-off waters on the environment should be considered and assessed carefully. The tests presented in this paper focus on analyzing the composition of run-off waters used to spray NMC Li-ion modules under thermal runaway. It highlights that waters used for firefighting are susceptible to containing many metals, including Ni, Mn, Co, Li and Al, mixed with other carbonaceous species (soot, tarballs) and sometimes undecomposed solvents used in the electrolyte. Extrapolation of pollutant concentrations compared with PNEC values showed that, for large-scale incidents, run-off water could be potentially hazardous to the environment.

Analyzing the Mycoflora Associated with the Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Seeds under Various Storage Circumstances

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a popular pulse consumed throughout the world. It has a balanced nutritional profile containing considerable levels of bioactive compounds, proteins, dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. As a result, it becomes important to produce and store it. The primary goal of this study is to determine the losses caused by seed storage and to select appropriate alternatives that will minimize those losses. To determine the optimal solution through this investigation, a variety of containers have been employed to preserve seeds against mycoflora. This study looked at the test weight of the seeds, their ability to germinate, and the fungus that was present. The major finding of this investigation under various storage conditions (using ten containers for storage) the percentage of 1000 seed weight was maximum in gunny bags (10.76%) while the lowest weight was gained in glass pots (5.25%). The germination percentage of seed under different storage conditions revealed that maximum was observed in Glass pot (94.69%) over 120 days while, minimum of gunny bag (91.31%) and the germination percentage gradually decreased from 30 DAS to 120 DAS. A. flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp. under storage condition increased from 30 DAS to 120 DAS while Alternaria spp., Macrophomina spp., Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp. gradually decreased under different periods of the interval of storage.

Thermal Management for a Stadium Power Supply Container Using a Rack-Level Air Cooling Strategy

This study investigates the airflow and thermal management of a compact electric energy storage system by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation. A porous medium model for predicting the flow resistance performance of the battery modules in a battery cabinet is developed. By studying the influence of rack shapes, the effects of heat exchanger arrangements and other parameters on the airflow and battery thermal distribution are analyzed. When applying a larger bottom air channel, the inlet flow uniformity of each battery cabin in the cabinet increases by 5%. Meanwhile, temperature standard deviation decreases by 0.18 while raising the flow rate from 3 m/s to 8 m/s, indicating better temperature uniformity in the battery cabin. When the charge–discharge ratio reaches 0.5 C, the temperature deviation of the entire cabinet significantly increases, reaching 8 K. Furthermore, a rack-level thermal management scheme is proposed to effectively reduce the thermal deviation of the container electric energy storage system and improve the overall temperature uniformity. Results reveal that the rack-level thermal management of the wavy cabinet in the electric storage container can effectively improve the thermal uniformity of the distributed battery cabin, and the overall thermal deviation is controlled within 1.0 K.

Assessment of Drinking Water Quality from Source to Household Storage Containers in Kachisi town, West Shewa, Ethiopia

A wide range of human and natural processes affect the quality of fresh waters and diseases related to contamination of drinking water constitute a major burden on human health. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the quality of drinking water supplied to Kachisi town using selected physicochemical and bacteriological parameters. A total of 60 water samples in triplicate were collected from boreholes, water reservoirs, household taps and storage containers in the households between October, 2019 and February, 2020. The physiochemical parameters were measured using HACH HQ440d multi meter and portable digital spectrophotometer (DR/6000) according to HACH instruction and bacteriological parameters were analyzed using the membrane filtration technique. The study results indicated that temperature and pH of the water samples were in the range of 18.77 0C and 21.4 0C, and 7.05 and 7.73, respectively. Total dissolved solids fell between 93 mg/l and116 mg/l while electrical conductivity records ranged between 185µS/cm and 232 µS/cm. The concentrations of Iron, nitrate and phosphate were in the range between 0.01-0.26 mg/l, 2.20-5.72 mg/l and 0.12-0.76 mg/l, respectively. Total Coliforms loadalso varied from 1CFU/100ml to 2CFU/100ml in samples collected from boreholes and reservoirs, from 1CFU/100ml to 12CFU/100ml in tap water samples and from 6CFU/100ml to 22CFU/100ml in samples from storage containers in the households. Fecal Coliform was negative in the water samples collected from boreholes, reservoirs and household taps while it was detected in 25% of the samples collected from household storage containers in the rangeof 3CFU/100ml to 5CFU/100ml. The detection of Total Coliforms in all water samples and Faecal Coliforms in some of the household containers samples might be attributed to absence of disinfection, lack of regular supervision of the system, poor water management and lack of safe water storage and handling practices.

Experimental thermal performance of deionized water and iron oxide nanofluid for cold thermal storage.

Phase change materials enhance the thermal comfort of buildings by utilizing stored thermal energy. In large air-conditioning systems, ice storage plays a crucial role in managing peak power loads. This experimental study explores the freezing characteristics of deionized water containing suspended iron oxide nanoparticles in spherical containers for cold storage. The synthesized nanofluid phase change material (NFPCM) was investigated for its freezing behavior under surrounding fluid temperatures of - 2°C and - 6°C. The uniformity in charging of NFPCM is the unique feature prevalent in the first quarter of the charging, with 50% mass frozen observed. An increased surface heat flux of 200% was achieved using NFPCM at Tsurr = -6°C. The chiller operational time is optimally reduced by 75% by considering twice the container design's phase change materials. Adding iron oxide nanoparticles and partial charging is suitable for uniform heat transfer for the shorter freezing duration in cooling applications. The novelty of the present study is that the proposed NFPCM nearly nullifies the subcooling effects of deionized water without using nucleating agents. This NFPCM appreciably enhances power competence, yielding large-scale air-conditioning systems' desired economic impact and sustainability. The reported results align with Sustainable Development Goals (7-Affordable and Clean Energy and 13-Climate Action).

Study on the shielding performance of bismuth oxide as a spent fuel dry storage container based on Monte Carlo simulation

For traditional spent fuel shielding materials, due to physical and chemical defects and cost constraints, they have been unable to meet the needs. Therefore, this paper carries out the first discussion on the application and performance of bismuth in neutron shielding by establishing Monte Carlo simulation on the neutron flux model of shielded spent fuel. Firstly, functional fillers such as bismuth oxide, lead oxide, boron oxide, gadolinium oxide and tungsten oxide are added to the matrices to compare the shielding rates of aluminum alloy matrix and silicone rubber matrix. The shielding rate of silicone rubber mixture is higher than aluminum alloy mixture, reaching more than 56%. The optimal addition proportion of bismuth oxide and lead oxide is 30%, and the neutron radiation protection efficiency reaches 60%. Then, the mass attenuation coefficients of bismuth oxide, lead oxide, boron oxide, gadolinium oxide and tungsten oxide in silicone rubber matrix are simulated with the change of functional fillers proportion and neutron energy. This simulation result shows that the mixture with functional fillers has good shielding performance for low energy neutrons, but poor shielding effect for high energy neutrons. Finally, in order to further evaluate the possibility of replacing lead oxide with bismuth oxide as shielding material, the half-value layers and various properties of bismuth oxide and lead oxide are compared. The results show that the shielding properties of bismuth oxide and lead oxide are basically the same, and the mechanical properties, heat resistance, radiation resistance and environmental protection of bismuth oxide are better than that of lead oxide. Therefore, in the case of neutron source strengths in the range of 0.01–6 MeV and secondary gamma rays produced below 2.5 MeV, bismuth can replace lead in neutron shielding applications.

Performance of the improved tritium decanting facility in support of JET tritium operations

A Tritium fuel cycle must have the capability to import tritium inventory from transport storage containers to enable initial inventory stockpiling and future refresh of the inventory. The Joint European Torus (JET) Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) previously imported tritium inventory from Amersham uranium beds (U-beds) via a decanting system housed in the Analytical Make-up box secondary containment. Due to significant operational challenges with this decanting system, a new system, the Tritium Decanting Facility (TDF) was designed and built, to enable import of tritium inventory from Amersham U-beds for the JET Deuterium–Tritium experiment 2. The TDF process design incorporated several changes, including a tertiary containment with independent purge system, process services supply including argon, and direct connection to the AGHS Intermediate Storage system. These changes resulted in significant improvements to the decanting process, including a significant reduction in contamination effects from off-gassing, reduced decanting time, and reduced risk of exposure to the operators. The key features of the TDF design and their subsequent impact on the operation of the AGHS are discussed in detail.

Analysis of the Cross-Contamination of explosive canine training aids during manufacturing and storage

Explosive detecting canines should be trained using real explosive materials that have minimal contamination by other explosive odors to ensure accurate identification of potential threats. Therefore, the potential for cross-contamination between training aids is of importance. There are various storage methods in use by canine handlers, such as plastic and cloth bags, but these can lead to cross-contamination between training aids during storage. Alternatively, odor-permeable membrane devices (OPMD) may store training aides and be used as a delivery device. OPMDs allow for volatile compounds from the training aids to be released during training while helping to prevent contaminants from entering the device. However, the amount of contamination in a training aid upon receipt from a vendor is outside the control of canine handlers. To test the initial cross-contamination levels of training aids, 11 explosive materials were ordered from three different vendors. A 1-gram sample of each was collected and analyzed using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. In several cases, explosive materials that are commercially available already exhibit elevated levels of contamination. This indicates that training aids must be acquiring contamination during manufacturing and/or storage at the vendor facility. The cross-contamination of explosive canine training aids stored in OPMDs was further evaluated and compared to traditional storage methods by storing various combinations of storage containers with explosives and using activated charcoal strips to collect the volatile compounds. Only one type of storage container, a Velcro bag, showed evidence of contamination.

Oxyfl uorinated polyethylene terephthalate for liquid storage containers

The effectiveness of surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate with a mixture of fluorine and oxygen to reduce the permeability to water and aqueous ethanol solutions has been studied. We obtained a decrease in the permeability coefficient of the modified fi lm for water and ethanol solutions, the degree of decrease in the permeability coefficient depends on the chemical composition of the liquid. Oxyfluorination leads to the production of a modified fi lm with an increased liquid diffusion coefficient compared to the original fi lm, which is associated with the formation of local defects which is confirmed by micrographs made with of an atomic force microscope and by measuring the surface roughness of the original and modified films.

Optimalisasi UMKM Melalui Edukasi Branding dan Inovasi Packaging di Desa Bandardawung

Marketing strategies by optimizing branding and packaging are necessary because packaging not only functions as a storage container but can also attract more consumers. This community service aims to give awareness of the importance of product branding and introduce packaging innovations that can be implemented by business owners. This research method uses qualitative methods with observation and interviews as data collection techniques. The results showed that training on branding and packaging innovation succeeded in enhancing product packaging skills and increase understanding of the importance of branding in marketing products. In addition, improvements in branding and packaging are expected to increase product sales, empower the local economy, and improve the sustainability of SMEs in Bandardawung Village.

Creativity Through Kendi Creation

Kendi is a traditional tool that has existed in Indonesia since 2000 BC. Hence, it is essential to preserve Kendi in order to maintain the craft’s rich history and culture in Indonesia. Currently, kendi preservation is particularly carried out by art students. In its preservation, creativity plays a crucial role when developing ideas for creating kendi made by art students. This study examined the role of student imagination in the development of a kendi craft. This study is qualitative research. The findings revealed that the Kendis monotonous shape can be developed into a variety of shapes, resulting in a unique shape and improving its novelty value. Even though the kendi’s shape has altered, it can still be utilized as a water storage container. Kendi can be used to stimulate students’ imaginations into making a piece of art since numerous types of creative and innovative kendi are generated through this imagination.
 Keywords: art education, jug, imagination, art work

Assessment of Safe Drinking Water Handling Practices in Households of Northern India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Waterborne diseases are the most common form of infectious disease, spreading from contaminated water, especially in a developed country. These diseases are a major concern for the environment and public health. The living conditions in developing countries like India affect the water-handling practices, which make the population vulnerable to waterborne diseases. The inability to access safe drinking water also adds to this. Water safety for a community relies on water collection, treatment, storage, and handling in the household setting.Therefore, the burden of waterborne disease can be reduced by treating point-of-use drinking water, including improving handling and transport. Objectives The aim was to assess the safe drinking water handling practices in households. The objectives were to assess the safe drinking water-handling practices, namely, treatment, storage, lid status of the storage vessel, and water drawing technique, and to estimate the sources of safe drinking water. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Etawah district on a total of 312 eldest female family membersactively working in the kitchen. Descriptive analysis and Chi-Square test were applied to the collected data and a p-value <0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) was taken as statistically significant. Results Overall, 135 (85.9%) households in urban areas relied on public supply. However, in rural areas mostly 130 (83%) households depended on private supply. In water-handling practices, 276 (88.4%) used some method to purify drinking water, a total of 209 (67%) households kept the lid of the storage container covered, and 249 (79.8%) households drew water either by pouring or scooping with a long handle. Conclusion The study concluded that both private and public sources were used for drinking water. Regarding water-handling practices, most households drank purified water, kept their containers covered, and drew water either by scooping or pouring from storage containers. Those who drank purified water mostly belonged to nuclear families and had private sources of drinking water.

Cyclic Thermal and Structural Testing of a Hot Particle Storage Bin

Thermal energy storage is a key element in concentrating solar energy systems. In 2017 a Roadmap toward a third-generation system that could meet the SunSHOT goals of 0.06 $/kWe recommended increasing temperatures to &gt; 700° C for heat transfer media to in-crease thermal efficiencies and lower levelized costs of heat. In 2021, the U.S. Department of Energy selected the particle pathway, G3P3, to build a 1 MWt prototype solar tower with 6 MWh thermal energy storage at the NSTTF in Albuquerque, NM. Of the primary components, the falling particle receiver, and particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger have been demonstrated at the 250 kWt capacity. The storage component is now being demonstrated as part of the G3P3-USA and G3P3-KSA pilot plants. Storage bin liner materials have been demonstrated by KSU in 2016 and 2019. A flowing particle storage container was demonstrated in 2020 by KSU. The testing presented in this work will be the first to test the particle to wall interactions with mono-lithic refractory insulation, and to validate a transient thermal transport model with the unique kinetics of bulk solids in funnel-flow where cooler particles near the walls flow inward toward a hot central flow channel. This work will also de-risk and characterize the specific design of the G3P3-USA storage bin.

Correlation between volume weight, porosity and moisture content in Central Kalimantan’s Peatlands

Peat is determined by soil characteristics consisting of maturity, color, low PD, low BD, texture, and organic content, which are different from mineral soil types, which can store more water with relatively high porosity, can decrease if drought due to lack of peat wetting with fiber spaces blackish brown with a fine structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and chemical properties of peat as a water storage container and to determine the correlation between volume weight, porosity, and water content. The method used is a descriptive method, Sieve analysis, using ring samples and eagle auger camp. Laboratory results show that the BD value is small, the PD value is small, the water content value is high, the peat has maturity levels of Sapric and Hemic, and the texture consists of coarse sand, medium sand, and fine sand > of dust, no silt or clay, has a relative ash content low, high organic matter. The correlation is that when the BD and PD values are low, high water content means high porosity, large water storage, drought easily during the dry season, so fires easily occur.

The Relationship between the Wash, Morbidity, and Childhood Undernutrition among the Wogo, an Island Community in Western Niger

In Niger, diseases linked to poor WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene) practices are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five.&#x0D; This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between WASH and morbidity and the nutritional status of children aged 0 to 59 months in the rural island commune of Wogo de Sinder, located in the Tillabéry region in the West. of Niger.&#x0D; This cross-sectional descriptive study involved a representative and random sample of mothers of children aged 0 to 59 months. A questionnaire was completed through a structured interview. The data were collected with ODK software and then analysed with SPSS and Epi Info version 7.2.&#x0D; A total of 250 mothers were enrolled. The study shows that most mothers surveyed used surface water (90%) for drinking water, while 10% used groundwater. Around 49.2% of mothers said that their home is on the banks of the river, compared to 36.8% who lived less than 30 minutes away. Their main water storage containers are jars and buckets, with 42.4% and 36.6%, respectively. Among the respondents, 40.4% did not practice any water treatment, 53.2% filtered the water with a cloth, and 6.4% treated the water with bleach. Only 21.6% of mothers washed their hands with soap after using the toilet or feeding the infant. About 72% of households did not have a latrine. Wasting, underweight and stunted growth affected 31.2%, 41.6%, and 43.2% of children whose mothers did not wash their hands with soap. Morbidity affected 35.2% of children whose mothers used surface water for drinking water.&#x0D; WASH knowledge and practices remain inadequate in the rural commune of Sinder and negatively affect the nutritional and health status of children under 5.