Consumption Waste Research Articles

Economic Foundations and Prospects for The Use of Environmentally Safe Biofertilizer from Wastewater Sludge: The Case of Russia

The article presents conclusions based on the results of analytical and experimental work devoted to the formation of economic foundations and the determination of prospects for the use of environmentally safe biofertilizer from wastewater sludge. In Russia, wastewater sludge production is estimated at 2.5 million tons of dry matter per year and accounts for 30-45% of the total amount of production and consumption waste. The purpose of this article is to develop the composition of an organic fertilizer from wastewater sludge, an economic justification for the feasibility and experimental confirmation of the safety of using the resulting fertilizer in soils. Based on analytical studies of wastewater sludge processing directions, the capacity and needs of the biofertilizer market, a comparative analysis of the main producers and consumers of these products, an economic justification for the feasibility of producing biofertilizer from wastewater sludge is presented. As a result of comparative studies, a fertilizer was created from wastewater sludge and sunflower husks. Fertilizer has a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Using the example of peas of the Alpha variety, it was found that with a 1:1 component ratio and a 20% dose of soil application, the biomass of the root system increased by 18.5%, the root length by 54.6%, and the stem length by 77.1%. The germination of pea seeds has increased by 2 times. The germination energy corresponded to the control indicator. Experimental samples of a new biofertilizer from WS and sunflower husks comply with the requirements of GOST 59 748-2021 «Technical principles of wastewater sludge treatment» and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 «Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors to humans». With the identified demand for biofertilizers, a net profit of 191350 thousand rubles is planned with a payback period of 5.7 years. The net present value of the project will amount to 23919 thousand rubles with an internal rate of return of 30.3%.

Case Study on the Application of New Technologies for Construction Waste Management in a Historic Building in Jalisco, Mexico

This article presents a comprehensive examination of a case study conducted at the “Catedral de Santa María de la Asunción” in Jalisco, Mexico. The focus is on innovative strategies for the management of construction waste in historic buildings. In this context, the scope of the research, the purpose of exploring new methodologies, the existing gap in waste management practices, the implications of implementing advanced technologies, and the need to adopt sustainable approaches in the preservation of architectural heritage are discussed. The analysis examines the deterioration and degradation of construction materials, emphasizing the significance of advanced methodologies in waste management to mitigate these effects. A comprehensive two‐ and three‐dimensional study has been carried out using Revit, a state‐of‐the‐art technology, to improve precision and accuracy in quantifying waste. The intervention parameters are quantified and classified according to the codification of the European Waste List (LER), thus facilitating the implementation of efficient waste management practices and closing the identified gap in current practices. Subsequently, the sorted materials are integrated into the toolkit, which allows for the assessment of pollution levels and the assessment of the feasibility of reusing construction and demolition waste (CDW). This toolkit offers practical solutions for sustainable waste management. The recovery process, which encompasses recycling, recycling, or landfilling, ensures a nuanced and sustainable approach to CDW management within the study area. This approach has positive implications for the conservation of historical heritage and the reduction of environmental impact. The necessity for the design and implementation of innovative sustainable construction strategies becomes evident, and each project benefits from the use of advanced design and modeling software, such as Revit and its toolkit. These indispensable tools facilitate effective sorting based on LER coding, thereby streamlining waste management practices and helping to bridge the gap between current practices and sustainable best practices. Furthermore, the study concludes that materials from demolished architectural heritage can be reused in the creative design of new sustainable buildings, underscoring the importance of adopting integrated approaches to heritage conservation and sustainable urban development. This is consistent with contemporary ethical frameworks that emphasize conservation and sustainability, advocating for the reduction of resource consumption and demolition waste. This approach effectively balances the production of materials, consumption during construction and restoration, and the utilization of essential natural resources for both historic and new buildings, driving a positive transformation in the construction industry toward environmental sustainability and cultural heritage conservation.

AppCycle - Reducing electronic and textile wastes

The rapid growth in the consumption of electronic and textile products has led to an increasing need for proper disposal of e-waste and textile waste. AppCycle is a mobile application designed to address this pressing issue by facilitating the correct collection and disposal of these types of waste, thereby reducing the environmental impact and contributing to the circular economy.The users will have the ability to conveniently schedule the collection of these types of waste, whether among users or with entities responsible for waste collection, and access information regarding designated disposal locations within the municipality of Vila Real. This article aims to disseminate the knowledge and experience gained during the development of AppCycle, shedding light on the challenges encountered, lessons learned, and the potential for further initiatives in reducing waste consumption and promoting proper waste disposal. AppCycle represents a significant step towards a more sustainable future, empowering individuals to participate in waste management and contribute to environmental preservation actively.

МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТА ОЦІНКИ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ КРИТИЧНОЇ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЇ СИРОВИНИ УКРАЇНИ

Industrial and technological interest in critical (strategic) mineral raw materials, given their natural scarcity, is of key importance in the global economy. A country's (or region's) supply of raw materials is a factor of economic security, autonomy and an insurance against global crises. Global and regional analytical researches on the mineral resource assessment in the context of circular and resource efficient (low-carbon) economy development have revealed a number of problematic issues related to different methodological approaches to the assessment, classification, accounting and management of critical mineral raw materials (CRM). The standardization of such approaches for economically related regions is the way to create reliable critical mineral raw material supply chains and ensure sustainable economic development. In order to complete the outlined tasks, a wide range of studies has been used, including general scientific and special methods of scientific and applied research. In addition to general theoretical methods of analysis, statistics and systematization, a complex of methods of geological and technical-economic study of mineral raw materials has been used to achieve the set goal and complete specified tasks. Authors have attempted to define the concept of critical mineral raw materials by using basic criteria and methodical approaches of the United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC). Various classification systems used for the assessment and management of critical mineral raw materials have been considered. Practical experience of the UNFC application during the assessment of CRM resource potential in Ukraine (excluding hydrocarbons and groundwater) based on the list of the European Union has been presented. Considering the current state of the mineral raw material resource base of Ukraine, authors have suggested methodological tools for bringing the State Balance into compliance with the integrated systematic accounting in accordance with the UNFC. The analysis of the State Balance of Ukraine using the UNFC approaches has revealed primary prospects for the mineral and raw material base development, which are related to potential and perspective projects on 22 elements from the EU list of critical mineral raw materials. Ukraine possesses all the prerequisites to participate in European Union programs designed to create sustainable models of supply chains for various resources for the transition to closed-cycle zero waste consumption.

Processing of Electronic Scrap with Ausmelt TSL Technology

Continued decreasing of the world’s average copper ore grades, coupled with a meteoric rise in the generation of consumer waste streams, has led to the processing of electronic scrap (e-scrap) and other secondaries assuming increasing importance within the global copper industry. Treatment of these secondary feeds has traditionally been carried out in the Blast furnace, Peirce-Smith converter and/or anode furnace. More recently however, bath smelting processes such as the Ausmelt TSL and Outotec Kaldo technologies have emerged as the preferred option for processing these materials due to their superior environmental performance and flexibility to operate under a wide range of conditions. Furthermore, the ability of these processes to handle a wide range of feed inputs make them ideally placed for the processing of not only e-scrap but also other waste streams from the clean energy transition such as end of life e-mobility batteries and photovoltaic systems. This paper focuses on the processing of electronic scrap and other copper secondaries with Ausmelt TSL technology and discusses specific issues facing secondary copper smelters in relation to impurity management and process offgas handling/cleaning.

Development of glass bottle recycling machine

Nowadays, great attention is paid to solving environmental issues and ensuring environmental safety of the territory. One of these issues is the disposal of consumer waste, the formation of which is growing exponentially. The problem of environmental pollution with glass waste is described in the article. It is proposed to dispose glass waste in special devices to solve this problem. The authors present the development of the machine for recycling glass bottles. The process of its work is described. This machine can be located in public places (shopping centers, hospitals, train stations, airports), where there may be accumulations of glass garbage.

ВОПРОСЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ НА ОСНОВЕ РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕЙ МОДЕЛИРЕМОНТНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ

The relevance of the study is caused by unresolved problems of preventing the negative impact of production and consumption waste generated in the process of life support of settlements. According to the authors, the most promising area for the study of such a life–threatening technosphere object as waste is the sphere of construction and urban management and its most important sector - construction, reconstruction, repair, renovation of real estate. During the study, it was found that the waste of repair and construction production, most of its mass, which are low-hazard and practically harmless to the environment, serve as a source of various types of valuable secondary raw materials. This raw material can be used in the production of a wide range of construction and other products, the production of works for various purposes, as sources of alternative energy sources. The purpose of this study was to form the configuration of a resource-saving model of repair and construction works as a mechanism for ensuring the environmental safety of the urban environment, preventing natural emergencies, their adverse consequences for the life of the population, the sustainable functioning of economic facilities, conservation and protection of the natural environment and natural resources. The scientific approach proposed in the work is aimed at obtaining two important scientific and practical results: preventing the negative impact of waste on the environment at the source of their formation: the processes of repair and construction work and, at the same time, the technological transformation of useful resource components of waste into secondary material and energy resources. This ensures the second important result: the preservation of the country's natural resources by replacing them with secondary raw materials and alternative energy sources. The research is applied in nature, its results can be used in the implementation of measures for the transition of the construction and urban management system to a resource-saving technological way of environmentally safe life support for settlements.

Investigating the solid waste recycling management

Abstract 
 Objective: Garbage is waste solid materials that are left over from the use of people and production and service institutions and are unusable. These seemingly inefficient sources are the most important urban pollutant in different amounts and in liquid and solid form and cause harm. and the citizens' interest, but in the case of optimal management and use of these valuable resources as raw materials in addition to protecting the environment, reducing the level of pollution, reducing the amount of diseases and deaths, it can be considered the best driver of production activities, recycling management Household solid waste in Kabul city is handled according to municipal standards and regulations (collection, transfer, burial and reuse), which is the main goal of this research to investigate the effects of household solid waste management and recycling in Kabul city.
 Method and tools: Since the nature of this research is descriptive-applicative, in order to collect information from two sources, the library and a questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale from 384 citizens of the 15th district of Kabul city were randomly sampled and analyzed using spss software. First, the confidence level of the questionnaire of both variables was determined by Cronbach's alpha method with the output coefficient (waste management 0.86 and recycling rate 0.82) and then its correlation intensity was determined by the Pearson method and also to predict the dependent variable from the linear regression function of the information received and investigated. And the dispute has been placed.
 Finding: Pearson's correlation analysis with 95% confidence level of the number placement (p=0.004, N=384, R=0.86) with a coefficient of determination of 0.73 and a statistical value (t) of 4.76, which is greater than the critical value of table t 2.3, shows the relationship There is a strong positive among the variables and it states that the increase in the amount of recycling and the decrease in the consumption of family solid waste depends on the improvement of waste management, in the same way, the beta coefficient of 0.59 and t=7.31>1.96 and sig<0.05 of linear regression were obtained. It shows that improving family solid waste management will reduce the amount of waste consumption and recycling by 59%, also the extracted information shows that about 97% of household waste is bought and collected by informal garbage collectors.

한국의 에너지 소비와 경제성장의 탈동조화에 대한 분석

Purpose - This study analyzed the decoupling phenomenon between energy consumption and economic growth in Korea from 1990 to 2021. The main purpose of this study is to suggest policy implications for achieving a low-carbon society and decoupling that Korea must move forward in the face of the climate change crisis.
 Design/methodology/approach - This study investigated the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth by energy source and sector using the energy-EKC (EEKC) hypothesis which included the energy consumption on the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and the impulse response function (IRF) model based on Bayesian vector auto-regression (BVAR).
 Findings - During the analysis period, the trend of decoupling of energy consumption and economic growth in Korea is confirmed starting from 1996. However, the decoupling tendency appeared differently depending on the differences in energy consumption by sources and fields. The results of the IRF model using data on energy consumption by source showed that the impact of GDP and renewable energy consumption resulted in an increase in energy consumption of bio and waste, but a decrease in energy consumption by sources, and the impact of trade dependence was found to increase the consumption of petroleum products.
 Research implications or Originality - According to the main results, efficient distribution by existing energy source is required through expansion of development of not only renewable energy but also alternative energy. Additionally, in order to increase the effectiveness of existing energy policies to achieve carbon neutrality, more detailed strategies by source and sector of energy consumption are needed.

Logistics Mode Innovation of Circulation Enterprises Based on Supply Chain Coordination

Logistics enterprises are emerging industries in the era of network information. In recent years, logistics enterprises have developed rapidly, which has promoted the national financial level and stimulated consumption, which has positive significance for the national and social economic development. However, with the increase of the scale of logistics enterprises, many products make up for the number, and the supply exceeds the demand, resulting in extravagance and waste of products and sharp consumption of social resources. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the supply chain collaborative logistics mode based on information technology. Jigsaw method attaches great importance to the students’ cooperative learning and the teacher’s effective guidance in class. The introduction of jigsaw method into listening class is a new attempt for listening course. Therefore, the paper centers on the teaching procedure in a jigsaw classroom and the beneficial effects it produces. After one-year practice, it is found that the students’ desire to learn, effective cultivation of students’ awareness of responsibility, subjectivity and innovation were greatly improved. Hopefully, based on the students’ actual performance and aspirations, jigsaw method will be promoted in other courses in the future.

Застосування індикаторів оцінки циркулярної економіки

The circular economy is an alternative economic model focused on increasing the efficiency of resource use and reducing the impact on the environment. In recent years, the circular economy has gained increasing importance as a tool that provides solutions to some of the most pressing challenges in sustainable development. Since the concept and principles of the circular economy are gradually accepted by all subjects at the state and international levels within the framework of sustainable development programs, measuring progress or regression of circularity has become an essential component of assessing the sustainability of the socio-economic development of states. However, the measurement of circularity may come across some problems due to the multifaceted nature of the concept, its connections with many sectors of the economy, and its geographical scope. Indicators are critical for economic assessment at all levels, from the micro (enterprise) to the macro (regional and national) and global levels, emphasizing raw materials, fuels, and energy, production, and consumption waste. Resource efficiency and waste reduction play a central role in the circular economy, so material flow indicators are particularly relevant. Most of them are collected and evaluated by international standards and are the basis for making important decisions in both public and private sectors. The paper analyzes the evaluation levels of circular transformations. It is emphasized that the methodological landscape of the circular process assessment should contain quantitative and qualitative indicators that provide sufficient information about cyclicality at all levels of economic management. At the level of the industry and types of economic activity, the range of indicators for assessing the level and efficiency of circularity has its specificity and separate methodological approaches. In the agro-food sector, the “closedness” of production and economic relationships is most often assessed by indicators of the annual volume of food waste, the share of its further re-processing, the number of investments received in the industry, and the level of waste disposal. Keywords: indicators, circular economy, assessment, indices, business transformation.

Are consumers more or less averse to wasting organic food?

Organic food is often perceived as being more environmentally friendly than non-organic food due to its production methods. However, little is known about how consumers treat organic food compared to non-organic food when it comes to waste. This study aims to fill this gap by examining consumer waste aversion towards organic and non-organic food. The results of four studies show that controlling for perceived price differences, consumers are less averse to wasting organic food than non-organic food. This finding holds across both healthy and unhealthy food. The lower waste aversion towards organic food is driven in part by the decreased perception of environmental harm associated with wasting organic food. These findings suggest that consumers’ perception that a product is sustainable and more environmentally friendly (organic vs. non-organic) may have surprising effects in the food disposal stage, potentially diminishing their reluctance to waste food, a topic that warrants further research.

Термическая утилизация отработанных масел

Pollution of the environment with petroleum products is a serious environmental problem. There are several ways to dispose of used oils: regeneration, burial and incineration. The burning of waste oils is widespread both in Russia and abroad. One of the significant disadvantages of the method is the entry of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The results of research on the development of a more advanced installation of thermal utilization of waste oils, ensuring the completeness of combustion and reduction of harmful emissions, are presented. The unit for thermal disposal of waste oils consists of a furnace and an emulsion nozzle. The furnace from the furnace chamber and the afterburning chamber of the flue gas provides two-zone, two-stage oil gorenje. Oil is burned in the combustion chamber (1st gorenje zone with t ≈ 600–700 оC). Then the smoke enters the afterburning chamber, where it is completely burned due to the supply of additional air (2nd gorenje zone with t ≈ 1200–1300 оC), due to the increase in temperature, toxic substances contained in the smoke are transformed into harmless due to their complete oxidation. The emulsion nozzle consists of intersecting grooves, which, when air and heated oil are fed into it, provide finely dispersed oil spraying by forming gas-liquid vortices in the oncoming grooves. Using the ANSYS program, the calculation of the flame angle of the emulsion nozzle was carried out. It is established that to change the range of the spraying torch and the use of emulsion nozzles in furnaces of different volume and power, it is necessary to change the angle of the screw direction. This research contributes to the development of the industry of processing of production and consumption waste. The proposed solution allows the installation to be used not only in industrial centers where significant volumes of waste oils accumulate, but also in sparsely populated areas, and also ensures the completeness of combustion of oil waste and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

Evaluation of the emission of petroleum products during the disposal of contaminated polyethylene cans

During the maintenance of private vehicles, a stream of consumer waste is generated in the form of containers with engine oil residues. When choosing methods for handling such waste, it is necessary to have quantitative indicators of the tare weight and the volume of engine oil remaining after use. Containers contaminated with motor oils during disposal, neutralization and disposal due to the emission of oil residues create increased risks of man-made impact on environmental objects. The purpose of the study is to determine the volume of motor oil remaining after emptying under various conditions. Viscosity, temperature, runoff angle of engine oil was taken into account as changing conditions. Laboratory studies made it possible to establish that when disposing containers made of HDPE (from 1 to 30 liters), in which engine oil was placed, the waste may contain from 1.5 to 15% of oil products. The smaller the tare volume, the higher the percentage of oil product residues in relation to the tare weight. It is proposed to use K 1 indicators to assess the emission of oil products from containers during its disposal, which allows quantifying the volume of engine oil that can enter the environment during disposal or disposal.

Agricultural production efficiency, food consumption, and food waste in the European countries

Agricultural production efficiency, food consumption, and food waste in the European countries

Animal lives embodied in food loss and waste

While the importance of reducing meat loss and waste is acknowledged due to its substantial environmental impacts, the aspect of animal welfare largely remains unaddressed. The suffering and death that is inflicted on animals to produce food that is never eaten remains invisible. This study aims to bridge the gap between food loss and waste (FLW) accounting literature and animal welfare considerations. It achieves this by estimating the number of animal lives embodied in meat loss and waste of six major meat-producing species along the food supply chain and by modelling three potential reduction scenarios. It shows that approximately 18 billion animal lives were embodied in losses and waste of global meat production and consumption in 2019. The scenarios reveal that wasted and lost animal lives could be reduced by 7.9 billion if best regional efficiencies were mainstreamed, and by 4.2 or 8.8 billion if Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 was implemented, achieving a 50 % loss and waste reduction in the downstream or whole supply chain, respectively. Considering species-specific conscience and sentience, and previous recommendations, the analysis finds leverage points for change at the consumption stage in developed, high-income countries, in Industrialized Asia, judging by absolute, and in North America and Oceania, judging by per-capita numbers, as well as in top countries of FLW and animal life loss. It further identifies trade-offs for animal welfare between reducing FLW of different meat types, especially chicken and beef, and reducing production-based losses while keeping emissions and resource use low and supporting food security.

An idea to construct integrated energy systems of data center by combining CO2 heat pump and compressed CO2 energy storage

Aiming at the characteristics of high power consumption and abundant waste heat resources in data centers, the integrated energy systems of data center are constructed by combining CO2 heat pump and compressed CO2 energy storage. Considering different stages of compression and expansion in energy storage, System I and System II are proposed. The systems can continuously provide cooling to data center through the CO2 heat pump, and can also store the low-cost electricity so as to supply power to data center during the peak electricity consumption period. Meanwhile, hot water can also be provided by fully extracting the residual heat from the systems. Furthermore, to investigate system performances, the thermal and economic models are developed. On this basis, the thermal and economic performances for the two systems are analyzed in detail under design conditions. The results indicate that when providing cooling capacity of 5000 kW for data center, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of heat pump is 7.22, and Round-Trip Efficiency (RTE) of System I and System II are 56.94 % and 55.85 % respectively. Systems I and System II can provide 879.26 tons and 1158.73 tons of domestic hot water, respectively. The total system capital cost is 234.35 × 104$ for System I, and 344.45 × 104$ for System II. Accordingly, the payback periods are 12.71 years and 11.19 years respectively. Furthermore, the effects of pressures on the system performances are also analyzed. The results show that every 0.5 MPa increase for heat pump outlet pressure, RTE of System II increases by 0.6 %, but the effect on System I is not significant.

Biocatalytic, Stereoconvergent Alkylation of (Z/E)-Trisubstituted Silyl Enol Ethers.

Alkene functionalization has garnered significant attention due to the versatile reactivity of C=C bonds. A major challenge is the selective conversion of isomeric alkenes into chiral products. Researchers have devised various biocatalytic strategies to transform isomeric alkenes into stereopure compounds; while selective, the enzymes often specifically convert one alkene isomer, thereby diminishing overall yield. To increase the overall yield, scientists have introduced additional driving forces to interconvert alkene isomers. This improves the yield of biocatalytic alkene functionalization at the cost of increased energy consumption and chemical waste. Developing a stereoconvergent enzyme for alkene functionalization offers an ideal solution, although such catalysts are rarely reported. Here we present engineered hemoproteins derived from a bacterial cytochrome P450 that efficiently catalyze the stereoconvergent α-carbonyl alkylation of isomeric silyl enol ethers, producing stereopure products. Through screening and directed evolution, we generated P450BM3 variant SCA-G2, which catalyzes stereoconvergent carbene transfer in E. coli, with high efficiency and stereoselectivity toward various Z/E mixtures of silyl enol ethers. In contrast to established stereospecific transformations that leave one isomer unreacted, SCA-G2 converts both isomers to a stereopure product. This biocatalytic approach simplifies the synthesis of chiral α-branched ketones by eliminating the need for stoichiometric chiral auxiliaries, strongly basic alkali-metal enolates, and harsh conditions, delivering products with high efficiency and excellent chemo- and stereoselectivities.

Energy effective utilization of circulating fluidized bed fly ash to prepare silicon-aluminum composite aerogel and gypsum

To reduce the cost of Si-Al aerogels preparation, circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFA) was developed to be as the alternative to synthetic precursors. High energy consumption of alkali-melting and secondary wastes production were the major challenges. Here, a technique characterized by effective energy consumption and non-secondary waste was developed to convert CFA into Si-Al aerogel. The process consists two stages, preparation of Si-Al sol by sintering of CFA and Na2CO3 followed by sulfuric acid leaching, and synthesis of Si-Al aerogel by so-gel with trimethyl chlorosilane modification and ambient pressure drying. The optimization results of proportion and sintering temperature showed that the optimal temperature of sintering of Na2CO3 and CFA with the mass ratio of 0.7 was 750 °C, 100 °C lower than that of most other waste aluminosilicate materials. CaSO4·0.5H2O which meet building gypsum requirement was obtained by specifying the drying temperature of acid-leached residue at 126 °C for 2 h. The modification procedure was explored to obtain Si-Al aerogel with a large specific surface area of 857 m2/g and hydrophobic angle of 139.3°. Thermal and mechanical properties tests indicated that the Si-Al aerogels and gypsum produced from CFA exhibited promising thermal insulation and the potential application in construction.

The Green Hotel Concept As A Model Of Sustainable Accommodation Facilities

Green-hotel is a concept in the accommodation industry that integrates sustainable practices to reduce environmental impact and encourage social responsibility. This study aims to explain and evaluate the concept of green-hotel as a model of sustainable accommodation facilities. This concept includes the use of environmentally friendly technology, efficient resource management, and community involvement in sustainable efforts. The study notes that green hotels can reduce energy, water, and waste consumption and promote the use of recycled materials. In addition, green hotels also implement social practices such as training the local workforce, promoting local culture, and supporting the local economy. In the context of climate change and growing environmental awareness, the green hotel concept provides a clear view of how the accommodation industry can play a role in preserving the environment and improving the quality of life of local communities. Thus, green hotels are a model of sustainable means of accommodation that have the potential to bring significant economic, social, and environmental benefits.