Volume Consumption Research Articles

Impact of HPGR operational pressing force and material moisture on energy consumption and crushing product fineness in high-pressure grinding processes

The paper concerns investigations on potential energy savings and breakage effectiveness, resulting from the application of HPGR device into ore mineral processing circuit. A series of laboratory experiments in HPGR for sulphide copper ore was carried out at four values of pressing force in the press and four levels of moisture of the feed material (according to factorial design 42). Fineness analyses on HPGR products were carried out along with a determination of Bond work indices, specific energy consumption, and throughput for each crushing product. Specific mathematical models for Bond work index, energy consumption, productivity, and breakage intensity measured through the yield of finest particle size fraction and specific comminution ratios in relationship to operational pressing force in HPGR and the feed moisture, were calculated. All models appeared to be highly accurate from the statistical point of view and relationships of both pressing force and the moisture appeared significant. The pressing force has generally demonstrated the highest impact on the investigated effects among all analyzed variables, but it depends on the specific model type.

Spatialization of electricity consumption by combining high-resolution nighttime light remote sensing and urban functional zoning information

ABSTRACT An accurate and timely spatialization of electricity consumption is fundamental for energy management and sustainable urban development. While previous research has relied heavily on statistical data or moderate-resolution nighttime light data, this study has presented a new spatialization method by combining high-resolution Luojia 1–01 nighttime light and urban functional zoning information. The total electricity consumption volume can be allocated to each land use pixel based on its strong linear relationship with nighttime light. Specifically, urban functional zoning data were connected with the corresponding economic sectors to differentiate the complex relationships between electricity consumption and nighttime light within different zones. The digital number value of every pixel can be multiplied by its corresponding electricity consumption coefficient. A number of comparisons have indicated that the proposed method can more accurately characterize the spatial distribution of electricity consumption. Our results can exhibit much clearer outlines and more detailed internal characteristics. More importantly, urban functional zoning information can be used to distinguish the electricity consumption of various economic sectors at fine scales. The proposed method is expected to capture the spatial characteristics of electricity consumption in a timely and accurate manner. The findings can help local authorities formulate sustainable energy utilization and emission reduction strategies.

Research on Technology Spillover of Digital Economy Affecting Energy Consumption Intensity in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

As a new economic paradigm, the digital economy is critical to economic growth and environmental protection. This paper empirically explores the impact of the digital economy on regional energy consumption intensity in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region from 2010 to 2018. It is found that the digital economy has a significant inhibitory effect on regional energy consumption intensity. This effect remains valid even after passing the endogeneity and robustness tests. The paper confirms that technological innovation is the primary means by which the digital economy affects energy consumption intensity. The analysis of spatial spillover effects shows that the digital economy promotes the improvement of energy consumption intensity in surrounding areas through technology spillover effects. A heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the technology spillover effect has a significant inhibitory effect on the energy consumption intensity of the surrounding areas for economically developed cities. Currently, the digital economy is a significant driver for enhancing productivity and quality. The integration and application of digital technologies have enabled technological innovation in the real economy, effectively reducing regional energy consumption.

Bridging chance-constrained and stochastic optimization for risk estimation of virtual energy hubs dominated by hybrid vehicles under diverse uncertainties: To improve economic sustainability

Virtual energy hubs (VRHBs) combine dispersed energy resources to enhance the efficient use of various energy sources, grid flexibility, and renewable energy adoption. This paper investigates the adoption of VRHBs with power-to-gas (P2G) facilities and hybrid electric-compressed natural gas vehicles (HNGEVs) in the presence of renewable resources to effectively tackle carbon emissions and increase the flexibility of VRHBs. The proposed P2G facility is constructed from carbon capture to collect carbon pollution from fossil fuel resources and HNGEVs to recycle into synthesis gas in a methanation plant. Furthermore, due to severe uncertainties due to renewable resources and energy consumption intensity, the proposed framework utilizes stochastic-driven chance-constrained optimization, which enables decision-makers in VRHBs to account for the probabilistic nature of uncertainties. Chance-constrained optimization explicitly considers uncertainty through probabilistic constraints, providing a more robust and reliable solution compared to deterministic methods. By modeling uncertainties using chance-constrained programming, VRHBs can manage the economic risks under unexpected worst realizations in uncertainties. Based on the results, the P2G facility leads to a significant reduction in the daily emissions by 63.06 % and 42.77 % observed under no-risk and full-risk conditions, respectively. In addition, the suggested chance-constrained method resulted in a major decrease of 69 % in overall operational costs.

Optimization of Work Systems and Ergonomics to Improve Comfort and Efficiency Through The Implementation of Energy Management

This research aims to implement mall operations that are comfortable, efficient, and effective in energy use and determine the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE). This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Research data was obtained from measurements carried out by researchers at mall buildings in South Jakarta. Instrument data is obtained from the installed Kwh meter. Data analysis technique by comparing measurement results with data results standardized by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources for IKE and Indonesian National Standards for thermal comfort levels. The research results obtained show that the IKE value is classified as efficient. The IKE value during 2023 ranges from 8,79 – 11,37 kWh/m2/month with the total annual IKE value being 263,16 kWh/m2/year. In terms of air conditioning, the average comfort standard in 2023 will be 25℃ and RH (humidity) at 62.9%.

Estimation of water consumption volume and water efficiency in irrigated and rainfed agriculture based on the WaPOR database in Iran

ABSTRACT To evaluate the WaPOR model across the entire country of Iran, initially, 16 provinces located in four different climatic regions were selected for calculating and comparing the evapotranspiration using both the FAO-56 method and the WaPOR approach. The comparison of 10-day evapotranspiration values obtained from the FAO56 method and WaPOR demonstrates that the WaPOR model exhibits the highest correlation with FAO-56 values in semi-arid regions, with an R2 = 0.95 and an RMSE = 0.43. The analysis of evapotranspiration variations indicates that the evapotranspiration in the Caspian Sea and Zagros foothill regions has experienced more significant changes from 2015 to 2022. The annual analysis of net blue water productivity demonstrates that the net productivity in rainfed lands strongly depends on the precipitation received. Also, considering the importance of investigating the accuracy of biomass estimation, the correlation between the accuracy of biomass estimation and actual evapotranspiration was examined in four Iran climatic regions. Using the WaPOR model provides acceptable results for water consumption management and assessment in different regions and climates of Iran, particularly in agricultural lands. The WaPOR model can serve as a guide for determining reliable values of evapotranspiration and planning related to water resources in the agricultural sector in Iran.

Roadmap for Greening the Economy of Turkmenistan

Over the past decades, interest in renewable energy has grown, this is due to the aggravation of climate change. The emerging trend of decarbonization of the world economy, including transport and energy, which are one of the main sources of air pollution with carbon dioxide emissions. The article discusses issues of climate change, decarbonization scenario, a road map for “greening” the economy, and presents a brief analysis of trends in the development of hydrogen energy and the importance of the development of “green” hydrogen in the world and in Turkmenistan. The main attention is paid to the prospects and scale of development of hydrogen energy to a certain extent will depend on the characteristics of the hydrogen sources proposed for use ­, primary energy sources and hydrogen production technologies, environmental consequences when using different approaches to hydrogen production, expected costs for hydrogen production, potential consumers and volumes of hydrogen consumption within the country and abroad, technologies for storing and delivering hydrogen to consumers, the competitiveness of hydrogen as an energy carrier in the domestic and foreign markets, taking into account all the necessary costs and a potential “transboundary carbon ­tax”.

SSTE: Syllable-Specific Temporal Encoding to FORCE-learn audio sequences with an associative memory approach

The circuitry and pathways in the brains of humans and other species have long inspired researchers and system designers to develop accurate and efficient systems capable of solving real-world problems and responding in real-time. We propose the Syllable-Specific Temporal Encoding (SSTE) to learn vocal sequences in a reservoir of Izhikevich neurons, by forming associations between exclusive input activities and their corresponding syllables in the sequence. Our model converts the audio signals to cochleograms using the CAR-FAC model to simulate a brain-like auditory learning and memorization process. The reservoir is trained using a hardware-friendly approach to FORCE learning. Reservoir computing could yield associative memory dynamics with far less computational complexity compared to RNNs. The SSTE-based learning enables competent accuracy and stable recall of spatiotemporal sequences with fewer reservoir inputs compared with existing encodings in the literature for similar purpose, offering resource savings. The encoding points to syllable onsets and allows recalling from a desired point in the sequence, making it particularly suitable for recalling subsets of long vocal sequences. The SSTE demonstrates the capability of learning new signals without forgetting previously memorized sequences and displays robustness against occasional noise, a characteristic of real-world scenarios. The components of this model are configured to improve resource consumption and computational intensity, addressing some of the cost-efficiency issues that might arise in future implementations aiming for compactness and real-time, low-power operation. Overall, this model proposes a brain-inspired pattern generation network for vocal sequences that can be extended with other bio-inspired computations to explore their potentials for brain-like auditory perception. Future designs could inspire from this model to implement embedded devices that learn vocal sequences and recall them as needed in real-time. Such systems could acquire language and speech, operate as artificial assistants, and transcribe text to speech, in the presence of natural noise and corruption on audio data.

Female executive and energy consumption intensity: The role of green innovation

We widely explore the positive effect of female executives on ECI, the energy consumption per unit of output. We find that female executives will promote ECI reduction of corporate. And the result holds after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. Further analysis indicates that the positive effect will be stronger in enterprises with lower level of environmental regulation, in heavily polluting industry, and whose executives with more environmental background. Moreover, female executives will reduce ECI by promoting green innovation, both in quantity and quality. Our results enrich the study of female executives on corporate environmentally friendly development, focusing on green innovation as underlying channel.

Impact of renewable energy consumption on sustainable development in Central Asia

AbstractThe energy transition in Central Asia faces multiple risks while lacking empirical assessment of renewable energy use from a sustainability perspective. This paper examined the relationship of renewable energy consumption with energy intensity and carbon intensity in Central Asia during 1993—2019, using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). Weighing the heterogeneity of countries in the region, the results showed that downstream countries build an inverted U‐shaped relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon intensity, while the whole region indicates an inverted U‐shaped relationship between renewable energy consumption and energy intensity. Compared with hydrocarbon, nonfossil energy is expected to serve as a greater driving force for economic growth in the future, alleviating socio‐economic dependence on fossil fuels in downstream countries and generating additional revenues to ensure energy security in upstream countries. The findings suggest policymakers to considerably mitigate the risks of decarbonization across the region.

Analysis of the availability of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background. The study of drug availability for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents one of the priority tasks in the organization of effective counteraction to COPD in the Russian Federation.Objective: to assess drug prices, affordability, and availability for COPD patients.Material and methods. The analysis of drug availability for COPD patients was carried out according to the methodology of the World Health Organization and Health Action International (WHO/HAI). Bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy of originator brands and lowestpriced generics was evaluated. The consumption volume of the studied drugs was also analyzed using the ATC/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification / defined daily dose) pharmacoepidemiologic methodology over a three-year period (from 2020 to 2022), taking into account their share of total DDD (drug utilization analysis, DU90%).Results. According to the results of DU90% analysis, the most purchased drugs for bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy for all the years under study were drugs from the groups of short-acting bronchodilators (salbutamol, fenoterol, ipratropium bromide + fenoterol) and inhaled glucocorticoids (budesonide, beclomethasone). The obtained data were confirmed by the results of the physical availability study. Thus, the highest percentage of physical availability was for short-acting inhaled beta-2-agonists (SABA) (salbutamol). Analysis of drug affordability also revealed a tendential superiority of SABA and short-acting anticholinergics over baseline bronchodilators and antiinflammatory drugs.Conclusion. Low affordability of the main drugs of baseline therapy contributes to the burden of COPD and necessitates improvement of drug supply mechanisms for individuals, especially those with low material income, which in the long term will significantly reduce the costs of the healthcare system for the treatment of these patients by decreasing the severity and frequency of exacerbations.

Analysis of the Consumption of Medicinal Products Associated with a High Risk of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Patients with COVID-19

INTRODUCTION. The risk of liver damage correlates with the severity of COVID-19. However, a growing number of studies have shown an association between liver function impairment and combinations of medicinal products used to treat COVID-19.AIM. The study aimed to analyse the annual consumption of medicinal products associated with a high risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) used as part of combination therapy in COVID-19 patients and to review a number of medication administration records in order to develop measures to prevent DILI.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used the ATC/DDD methodology to study consumption data for 2020, 2021, and 2022 and analysed a sample of 1250 inpatient medical records and medication administration records of COVID-19 patients treated in a Volgograd region hospital converted into a COVID-19 care centre. For genetically engineered biologicals and cyclophosphamide, which were lacking DDDs, the authors calculated the volume of consumption using the average dose per treatment course. The authors identified medicines capable of causing clinically apparent liver damage (according to the LiverTox database and Russian clinical practice guidelines) and/or elevated liver enzymes in ≥1% of patients (according to safety reports).RESULTS. The study found that 28% of the medicinal products used in combination for inpatient treatment of COVID-19 were associated with a high risk of DILI. In 2020, 2021, and 2022, the total consumption of medicinal products associated with a high risk of DILI was 342.3, 425.3, and 402.3 DDDs per 100 bed days, and the total consumption of genetically engineered biologicals (administered as a single dose) and cyclophosphamide was 3.5, 16.9, and 29.7 average course doses per 100 patients, respectively. According to the selective analysis of medical records, 19.8% (247/1250) reported concomitant use of 5 or more medicinal products associated with a high risk of DILI, which increased the risk of adverse drug interactions leading to DILI. In 2022, the most prescribed medicinal products with a high risk of DILI were omeprazole (188.7 DDDs per 100 bed days), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol (54.4 DDDs per 100 bed days), atorvastatin (46.2 DDDs per 100 bed days), levofloxacin (26.4 DDDs per 100 bed days), ceftriaxone (20.5 DDDs per 100 bed days), favipiravir (17.3 DDDs per 100 bed days), and genetically engineered biologicals (24.0 DDDs per 100 bed days).CONCLUSIONS. To reduce the risk of DILI in COVID-19 patients admitted to infectious disease units, including the risk of DILI due to drug interactions, it is necessary to limit the use of hepatotoxic antibacterial agents, proton-pump inhibitors, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or consider alternative medicinal products with a lower risk of hepatotoxicity.

Exercise Capacity and Reoperation Late After Transatrial Fallot Repair

The exercise capacity long after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, when performed exclusively with a transatrial repair, is unclear. It is also unknown whether echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing can predict the risk of reoperation in this patient group. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 59 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing after transatrial Fallot repair at a single centre. Patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing at a mean age of 16.6±4.4 years, and at 15.3±4.1 years after Fallot repair. At testing, the volume of oxygen consumption at maximal exercise (VO2 max) was 71%±13% and the oxygen pulse was 80%±17% of predicted values. Seventeen (17) patients (29%) had a VO2 max superior to 80% of the predicted value. Thirty-two (32) patients (56%) had severe pulmonary regurgitation, three (5%) had moderate pulmonary regurgitation, and 12 (21%) had mild pulmonary regurgitation. After a mean of 7.8±3.9 years following cardiopulmonary exercise testing (23±5.3 years after the repair), 21 (40%) patients underwent reoperation. Right ventricular dilation and systolic function on echocardiography were both significantly associated with subsequent reoperation rates. Patients who had severe right ventricular dilation were eight times more likely to undergo subsequent reoperation (hazard ratio 8.67; 1.82-41.3; p=0.007). No cardiopulmonary exercise testing variable independently predicted reoperation. The exercise capacity at adolescence following transatrial repair of tetralogy of Fallot is maintained at around 70% of predicted values. Only the patients with normal right ventricular size and normal right ventricular function seemed to be protected from reoperation over the subsequent decade. We found no exercise variables which predicted reoperation.

Sustainable energy consumption – Empirical evidence of a household in Poland

There is an expected increase in the demand for electricity from households in European countries. The outcome of the growing proportion of renewable energy sources in the energy supply mix should result in improved customer awareness regarding their electricity usage. Additionally, they must assume a more proactive role in overseeing their electricity usage. Innovation and pollution management have become crucial catalysts for promoting sustainable economic development and environmental protection. This is a response to the increasing threats posed by climate change. This study addresses this existing research gap in sustainable energy consumption. The research aims to examine the advantages of replacing traditional sources of heating with renewable ones. The empirical case study of households in Poland serves as an illustration of the theoretical foundation. The purpose of the study entails the construction of a multi-equation econometric model describing the mechanisms of electricity consumption in a specific household. The model hypothesis indicates that the model should take the form of a system of interdependent equations. The following will be described: the monthly volume of electricity consumption, the cost of this energy payment (in PLN), and the price per one MWh in a given month. Monthly time series from September 2015 to June 2023 were used. The resulting time series amounted to a count of 94 statistical observations. The results in the form of a multi-level empirical econometric model indicate that the economic, environmental, and social benefits of using renewable sources of heating can make a significant contribution to reducing fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. In the context of growing environmental awareness and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, heat pumps are becoming an increasingly important element in the discussion of the future of heating. Their role in transforming the energy sector in the direction of sustainability is crucial.

Ammonia Accumulation as a Proxy to Determine Cage-change Frequency in Antelope Ground Squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurus).

Due to a lack of evidence-based standards for cage-change intervals for antelope ground squirrels (AGS, Ammospermophilus leucurus), we evaluated cage ammonia accumulation in our colony of adult, wild-caught AGS and identified factors that influenced ammonia levels. Intracage ammonia was measured daily in singly housed AGS in static caging that contained a running wheel and 1/2, 3/4, 1, or 2 quart (qt) of corncob bedding. Cages were changed when ammonia levels reached greater than 50ppm, our upper acceptable limit for ammonia based on mouse studies of ammonia aversion and toxicity. We also measured average daily water consumption over 2 wk to examine any correlation between water use and ammonia accumulation. We hypothesized that the desert-dwelling AGS would not reach intracage ammonia levels of greater than 50ppm in a 2-wk interval at any bedding volume. Our data showed that intracage ammonia was highly variable among individuals and was significantly associated with water consumption and bedding volumes. Seventeen percent of AGS on 1/2qt of bedding and 18% on 3/4qt of bedding reached greater than 50ppm ammonia before 7 d. All AGS on 1 and 2qt of bedding remained below 50ppm ammonia for 1 wk. Even when maintained on 2qt of bedding, not all AGS remained below 50ppm ammonia for 2 wk. Therefore, we concluded that the most appropriate option was weekly cage change for singly housed AGS on 1qt of bedding in static caging.

PREFERENSI WARGA KOTA MATARAM TENTANG DAGING PREMIUM

This study aims to examine the preferences of residents of Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara Province, in choosing and consuming premium beef. Premium meat has recently been produced from cattle on Sumbawa Island and also from cattle developed on Lombok Island in recent years. This study used a survey approach. Interviews were conducted with 86 small-medium income residents of Mataram with an income range of Rp 5 million - Rp 30 million per month. Respondents consisted of housewives and several men. Premium meat consumption in this study was in the form of beef purchased in a special place in fresh or processed form or in the form of premium meat enjoyed in restaurants or cafes. The results showed that the preference of Mataram City residents towards premium meat was relatively good as reflected in the recognition of residents that premium meat is classified as tender, more juice and soft. The frequency and intensity of premium meat consumption by residents of Mataram City, especially in restaurants and cafes, is still relatively limited. More than half (55.81 percent) of Mataram residents enjoy premium meat 1-5 times per month and as many as 23 percent of Mataram residents rarely enjoy premium meat. The rest of the premium meat enjoys quite intensely.

Конъюнктура мирового рынка СПГ в условиях санкционного давления

The article reveals aspects of the situation on the global LNG market in the context of sanctions pressure on Russian LNG enterprises, and suggests ways for Russian LNG enterprises to adapt to these conditions. The conditions of sanctions pressure on Russian LNG enterprises are described and the impact of sanctions on the LNG industry is revealed. The conducted research is based on statistical data from Russian and foreign sources. Aspects of the global LNG market environment include: an increase in the scale of LNG production in the world, the use of innovative gas liquefaction technologies, the development of a system for organizing and managing the transportation of liquefied gas, an increase in the number of states purchasing LNG for their needs, changes in the volume of LNG production and consumption in the world. The analysis presented in the article of the prospects and directions of development of this market in the future, as well as the main economic and technical factors influencing its functioning, and its conditions over the past five years have shown that this market is actively developing. The authors come to the conclusion: Russian LNG exporting enterprises have managed to adapt to the current competitive market conditions of global LNG trade, diversify their capacities and transport logistics, and have also significantly expanded the possibilities of transporting LNG along the Northern Sea Route.

Electrical Energy Audit in Pratama Tapan Hospital

Hospitals, as large energy consumers, must adopt efficient energy-saving measures due to cost increases, regulations, and climate change concerns. In this study, an electrical energy audit was conducted at Pratama Tapan Hospital to identify energy-saving opportunities and recommend equipment replacements or technology upgrades. The primary objective was to determine the Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) and analyze the potential for energy savings. The audit re-vealed an ECI value of 10.33 kWh/m²/year, highly efficient by ASEAN-USAID standards. However, 100% of rooms didn't meet the SNI 03-6197-2000 light intensity standard, causing discomfort. The study recommends installing specific light fixtures and adjusting lamp power to comply with the standard. These findings offer valuable insights for healthcare institutions striv-ing to achieve sustainability goals.

PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE NEED FOR SPARE PARTS AND MATERIALS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF AIRPORT SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

The modern conditions of airport operation are considered from the point of view of reducing tariffs for services by reducing the costs of special equipment operation. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of the costs of spare parts and materials used in its maintenance on the cost of special equipment use. The processes of special equipment utilization at the airport are considered as stochastic, and the logistics system at the airport is considered as a mass service system. It is taken into account that the stochasticity of the system is conditioned not only by the properties of the processes, but also by the randomness of the factors influencing them. In this regard, to manage the system under consideration, the list of factors that determine the intensity of resource consumption, as well as the regularities of their changes is analyzed. The main attention is paid to the necessity to find a compromise between uninterrupted supply, which requires an increase in the size of orders, and the reduction in the volume of stocks, which increases the cost of working capital of the aviation enterprise. The influence of climatic conditions of operation on the consumption of resources for the maintenance of special equipment at the airport is also analyzed. The analysis has shown that the determination of the need for resources for the maintenance of special equipment at airports is currently planned on the basis of the actual consumption for the previous year and it is not practically taken into account that the consumption varies seasonally. In this regard, it is noted that the relevance of research aimed at developing methods for planning the need of special transport services of modern airports in spare parts and consumables for maintenance, taking into account the variation in the intensity and operating conditions of special equipment. The analyzed approaches to the development of such methods show the need to consider the process of determining the need for spare parts and consumables for maintenance of special equipment as non-stationary, due to seasonal changes in the intensity and operating conditions. On this basis the basic principles of development of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for determining the size of stocks of spare parts and consumables for maintenance of special equipment are proposed.

Growth and yield response of Tanjung II and Unpad CB2 red chili varieties grown in the medium land

Red chili is an important commodity that is daily needed by the community. Non-central chili areas often experience deficits due to the high consumption volume and low productivity of chili peppers. To increase the productivity of chili in non-central areas, expand it in the medium land. This study aims to determine the productivity of two introduced chili varieties in the medium land whose adaptation areas came from lowland and highland areas. This study was analyzed using an independent sample T-test at a significant level of 5%. The results of the data analysis showed that the Tanjung II variety significantly influenced the parameters of stem diameter and weight of the fruit. Meanwhile, the Unpad CB2 variety significantly influences the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit set. However, both varieties have no noticeable effect on the weight parameters of the cropping fruit and potential yield in hectares. The Tanjung II variety experienced a decrease in yield by 54.58%, while the Unpad CB2 variety was 53.56%.