Household Consumption Patterns Research Articles

PENERAPAN ALGORITMA DECISION TREE UNTUK KLASIFIKASI KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN PENGGUNAAN RAPIDMINER

The research aims to explore and understand energy consumption patterns in households. By using the Decision Tree algorithm, to classify the level of electrical energy consumption. And data on household electrical energy consumption can be obtained from various sources, such as Household electricity meter. Survey or questionnaire filled out by homeowners regarding the use of electrical appliances. Based on the image above, the application of the Decision Tree algorithm in analyzing risk factors for The classification of household electrical energy consumption produces an accuracy value of 100.00%. From the displayed confusion matrix, we can see the distribution of predicted and actual values for various classes. For example, in the class "true 110 25," there are 17052 correct predictions. The evaluation results also show the precision and recall values for each class. The highest precision was achieved in the "true 2205" class with 100% recall, while the precision was found in the "true 122.5" class of 100.00%.

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Household Food Demand in Estuaire Gabon: A Near-Ideal Quadratic Demand System Approach

Gabon depends heavily on food imports to safeguard its food security; yet household food consumption patterns remain underexplored. This study investigates the structure of food demand in the Estuaire region, incorporating demographic determinants such as the age of the household head, household size, youth proportion, and residential distance from shopping centers. Using primary data collected from a randomized survey of 410 households, the analysis employs the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model to estimate expenditure and price elasticities. The results indicate that expenditure elasticities are universally positive, with luxury items, including meat, eggs, and fish, exhibiting greater sensitivity compared to staple foods such as poultry, oil, rice, cassava, and bananas, which display inelastic demand. Price elasticities for meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and rice are negative, adhering to the law of demand. Demographic factors, including education, age, and residential location, significantly influence the consumption of meat, cassava, bananas, and oil. Household size, employment type, and youth composition also emerge as critical determinants of increased demand for poultry, fish, and rice. These findings offer policy-relevant insights to strengthen food security and address socioeconomic disparities.

A Diffusion–Attention-Enhanced Temporal (DATE-TM) Model: A Multi-Feature-Driven Model for Very-Short-Term Household Load Forecasting

With the proliferation of smart home devices and the ever-increasing demand for household energy management, very-short-term load forecasting (VSTLF) has become imperative for energy usage optimization, cost saving and for sustaining grid stability. Despite recent advancements, VSTLF in the household scenario still poses challenges. For instance, some characteristics (e.g., high-frequency, noisy and non-stationary) exacerbate the data processing and model training procedures, and the heterogeneity in household consumption patterns causes difficulties for models with the generalization capability. Further, the real-time data processing requirement calls for both the high forecasting accuracy and improved computational efficiency. Thus, we propose a diffusion–attention-enhanced temporal (DATE-TM) model with multi-feature fusion to address the above issues. First, the DATE-TM model could integrate residents’ electricity consumption patterns with climatic factors. Then, it extracts the temporal feature using an encoder and meanwhile models the data uncertainty through a diffusion model. Finally, the decoder, enhanced with the attention mechanism, creates the precise prediction for the household load forecasting. Experimental results reveal that DATE-TM significantly surpasses classical neural networks such as BiLSTM and DeepAR, especially in handling the data uncertainty and long-term dependency.

Socio-Economic Determinants of Household Expenditure: An Analysis of Rural and Urban Nagpur

This study explores the socio-economic determinants of household expenditure patterns in the Nagpur district, focusing on three key categories: food, health, and non-food (excluding health). Using regression analysis, the study examines the influence of variables such as adjusted total income, age, gender, education, occupation, and household size on spending behaviors. The findings reveal significant variation in the determinants across rural and urban areas. For urban households, income, education, and household size are significant predictors of food and non-food expenditure, while health expenditure remains predominantly influenced by income. In rural households, household size and education play a stronger role in shaping food expenditure, while health spending is significantly associated with age and gender. The study provides insights into the underlying socio-economic drivers of consumption behavior and offers policy recommendations aimed at improving household welfare and addressing regional disparities.

Patterns, Determinants, and Elasticity of Household Food Consumption in Indonesia (Period 2021-2022)

Introduction/Main Objectives: The increase in strategic food commodity prices significantly contributed to inflation, with the food, beverage, and tobacco category reaching 3.59% in March 2022. This price hike reduced household purchasing power, affecting welfare. This research examines how rising food prices impact household food consumption patterns in Indonesia. Background Problems: This study explores the effects of rising food prices on household consumption patterns. It addresses two key questions: What are household food consumption patterns, and what factors influence them? What is the elasticity of food demand in Indonesia between March 2021 and March 2022? Novelty: The study’s novelty lies in calculating food demand elasticity using demand theory assumptions, ensuring reliable results—unlike many studies that overlook these assumptions. Research Methods: The study uses the Linear Approximated-Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) model with the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. Findings/Results: The results show that rising food prices in March 2022 changed household food consumption patterns. Own-price elasticity was negative, indicating reduced demand. Cross-price elasticity varied, with some food groups showing negative and others positive effects. All food groups were classified as normal goods based on expenditure elasticity.

The Great Indian Budget: Does Migration Influence Household’s Consumption Proportions?

This study employs the two waves (2004–2005 and 2011–2012) of the nationally representative India Human Development Survey (IHDS) to estimate the expenditure gaps (namely, expenditure gaps in food consumption, conspicuous consumption and productive investment) between migrant and non-migrant households. Using propensity score matching and inverse probability weighted regression average, the results indicate that migrant households allocate a lower proportion of their annual household expenditure to food consumption (vis-à-vis the non-migrant households), while allocating higher shares to conspicuous consumption and productive investment. These results vary by whether a loan was sanctioned, the amount sanctioned, the purpose of the loan (productive or otherwise) and the source of the loan (formal or informal channels). The findings propose policy considerations, emphasizing the importance of reassessing loan priorities by extending credit towards productive investment opportunities. This study also explores the consumption spillover effects on non-migrant households, indicating that they emulate the consumption patterns of migrant households by allocating a higher share of expenditure towards conspicuous consumption, with no discernible effect on productive investment.

Exploring behaviour of socio-economic metabolic flows to promote environmentally sustainable consumption patterns in Sri Lankan households

AbstractWhile households depend on various material and energy inflows from outside their boundaries, their behaviour has changed over the years with rapid economic development and urbanisation. Therefore, monitoring these resource inflows and outflows and understanding how they relate to household consumption patterns are crucial to uplifting environmentally sustainable policies and practices. With limited studies available, this study aims to contribute to the household metabolism literature by exploring energy, water, food flows, and related emissions of Sri Lankan households during the past decade. Metabolic flows were quantified by converting household expenditure survey data of 20,000 households into physical quantities. Inputs, outputs, and the metabolic processes were then demonstrated using resource flow diagrams and evaluated using environmental sustainability indicators. Results indicate declining intensities of energy and food consumption and inclining intensities of water consumption and emissions during the past decade. Traced consumption patterns across metabolic flows reveal extensively linear metabolic flows with comparatively pro-environmental patterns in resources extraction. Lack of proper disposal/recycle measures for food waste and wastewater has jeopardized the circularity of metabolic flows, causing irreversible environmental deterioration. Policy implications call for changes in energy mix to reduce dependency on energy imports, promoting energy-efficient appliances and the use of clean energy sources for cooking, reinforcing accountability for groundwater consumption, tackling the disparities in the availability of pipe-borne water, and streamlining of waste management system with efficient source separation and treatment practices.

Diets, fruit and vegetables consumption, and nutritional status in Benin: A scoping review.

Unhealthy diets, including low fruit and vegetables (F&V) intake, contribute to morbidity and mortality related to non-communicable diseases. Designing culturally appropriate interventions to improve diets and F&V intake requires an in-depth understanding of individual-level dietary patterns, household consumption patterns, and nutritional status resulting from inadequate F&V intake. In this scoping review, we summarised the literature on diets, F&V intake, and nutritional status in Benin. We searched PubMed from 2012 to August 2024 to identify articles on diets and nutritional status, and from 2002 to August 2024 to identify articles on F&V intake. We included 36 articles on diets, 27 on F&V intake, and 16 on nutritional status. Existing literature demonstrated that Beninese diets are cereal-based and monotonous, characterised by low diversity and low F&V intake across all population groups. Available evidence indicated a high burden of undernutrition in children <5 years of age, a rising prevalence of overnutrition in women of reproductive age, and a high prevalence of overnutrition in adults. Evidence on how diets and F&V intake vary by urban/rural location, season, and socioeconomic characteristics was limited and inconsistent. Two evaluations of garden irrigation programmes assessed impacts on women's dietary diversity and F&V consumption. Additional research is needed to improve our understanding of diets, F&V intake, and diet-related nutritional challenges and how they evolve over time and across different population groups. Understanding these gaps can help identify entry points and targets for interventions to improve diet quality and F&V intake in Benin.

Relationship between income inequality, social transfers, poverty, and employment in Ukraine

The impact of social transfers on income inequality and poverty remains a subject of debate, particularly regarding threshold effects, design, and integration with taxation and labor market dynamics. Using a linear regression model, the study analyzes the dependency of the Gini index on the percentage of social transfers in the average household’s monthly resources, the percentage of households with income below the median, and the percentage of the employed populace in Ukraine from 2010 to 2021. The results show that a 1% increase in social transfers in household income reduces income inequality by 0.13%, a 1% increase in employment decreases income inequality by 0.1%, whereas a 1% rise in poverty leads to a 0.34% increase in income inequality. In line with the results from EU and OECD countries, this study confirms that increasing the share of social transfers in household incomes contributes to the mitigation of income inequality in Ukraine. However, this remains valid only if the share of social transfers in households’ total income rises proportionally. The income and expenditure patterns of Ukrainian households, along with the Gini index, reflect poverty, which is partially mitigated by social transfers; however, their effectiveness is constrained by offsetting inflation. The rise in household incomes without a corresponding reduction in poverty suggests that employment is no longer the predominant factor in poverty alleviation in Ukraine. Acknowledgment This paper is funded as part of the project “Financial tools for reducing economic inequality in Ukraine” research project (No. 0124U002254), conducted at the State Organization “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”.

Impact of adjusted fertility policies on household consumption patterns in China

China's fertility policy adjustments have impacted family fertility decisions but have not reversed the declining birth rate, with economic pressures playing a significant role. This study utilized data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and treated the implementation of China's "two-child" policy as a natural experiment. Using a propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model, the study analyzed data from four periods before and after the policy change to examine how having underage children and additional children affects household consumption behavior. The results indicate that household consumption increases with the number of children, as families with newborns experience higher overall consumption levels. The addition of a second child amplifies this effect, but per capita consumption expenditure decreases as family size grows. Differences in consumption patterns were observed between families with an additional first child and those with a second child. Furthermore, the impact of additional children on household consumption varies significantly depending on the family's education level. The study suggests that the government should design differentiated fertility policies tailored to family characteristics to reduce economic and childcare pressures and create a more supportive environment for family decision-making.

THE LIFE CYCLE THEORY AND PERMANENT INCOME THEORY IN HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

This article explains the interplay between the Life Cycle Theory (LCT) and Permanent Income Theory (PIT) in the domain of household financial sustainability. By integrating these two prominent frameworks, it offers a comprehensive approach to understanding how households manage their financial activities across their lifetimes. Considering the criticisms of both consumption theories, the article aims to provide valuable insights into distinct aspects of household personal sustainable finance, particularly in the areas of debt management and repayment, assessing sustainable consumption behavior, household expenditure and investment patterns, as well as the utilization and reduction of debt. Integrating these two theories presents a more holistic understanding of household financial sustainability.

Residential Water Consumption Patterns: A Theoretical Review

The global water crisis and acute increase in water demand have increased stress on water resources in urban areas, particularly in water-scarce regions like Egypt. Many current strategies of sustainable water demand management show low effectiveness due to a lack of understanding of how water is used in households, and a failure to consider the environmental and urban diversity that shapes water consumption patterns in Egypt. This understanding requires knowing how water is consumed for micro-components of water use (i.e., end-uses such as bathing, cooking, and toilet use). This research aims to develop a conceptual/theoretical framework for probable worldwide water consumption patterns and their shaping factors, to be used as an auxiliary tool in future data collection and analysis in Egypt, which is an essential step to contextualize water consumption patterns and develop more sustainable water demand management strategies. The study reviews and analyzes water end-use data from 39 major cities in developed and developing countries to identify trends and critical factors in household water consumption. It documents six different major trends in household water consumption patterns with main water activities: cooking, bathing, washing machines, faucets, and toilet use. It also identifies and categorizes the patterns-shaping factors into five main groups: socioeconomic characteristics, physical, spatial, climatic conditions, and political restrictions. Moreover, significant correlations emerge between pattern elements and shaping forces such as income and washing machine usage, the presence/absence of children/elders and use of basin, and dietary culture and cooking consumption. Given the research findings, household consumption patterns in Egyptian cities are expected to be high in kitchens, showers, and toilets, and average in laundry and faucets. The study underscores the importance of considering factors such as socio-economic characteristics, water policies, spatial influences, water supply efficiency, and consumer health in forthcoming investigations, as these are believed to substantially influence household water consumption in Egypt.

The Relationship between Covid-19 and Consumption Patterns of Poor Households

Objective: This research aims to analyze the relationship between Covid-19 and Consumption Patterns of Poor Households. The phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused various social and economic changes. Changes in behaviour and preferences are an important part of the research by emphasizing the analysis of changes in expenditure during the Covid-19 pandemic and post-Covid-19. Method:This research is in the form of quantitative descriptive, the type of data used by researchers is primary data using a questionnaire that refers to the IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) questionnaire. Primary data includes questionnaires and poor people during and postpandemic in 2019 and 2022 in rural and urban areas. The research area includes several village comparisons of Bandar Lampung City, South Lampung Regency, and Pringsewu Regency. The multiple linear methods are performed with the t-test in pairs using the statistical tool Stata. Results: The results of the study concluded that in the different tests there was no difference in food expenditure during the Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 period, between urban and rural areas, because of the tendency to have both low food expenditures during the pandemic and increase in post- pandemic. The food consumption patterns of the two regions still tend to buy the same staples. There is a difference in non- food expenditures during the rural Covid-19 period is higher because health and urban costs are lower, in the post-Covid-19 rural areas are lower and urban areas are higher. Conclusion and suggestions: The advice to the government, as cases of the Covid-19 pandemic, rise again, is to focus on providing free health services to the poor, because the expenditure on health services is quite large during the covid-19 pandemic. The government is also expected to be able to provide prolonged food staples to poor households plus complementary ingredients such as fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, and foods with high nutrition and protein.

Consumption patterns of indebted households: unravelling the relevance of fiscal policy

AbstractWe have investigated the influence of fiscal instruments, notably taxes and government spending, on household consumption in two different samples and two measures of household debt to provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. We used dynamic panel models and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) approach for 24 and 32 advanced and emerging countries from 1995 to 2020. Our findings show that fiscal impulses increase private consumption. However, when households are highly indebted, the effects are different, and the increase in public spending or the reduced taxes discourages household consumption compared to the baseline (lower debt) group. These results suggest a precautionary effect.

Social vulnerability to food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: exploring the connection between climate change, funeral rites and food insecurity in rural Ghana

ABSTRACT Climate Change and food security remain one of the topical issues discussed globally. In Ghana, the literature has reported on the effects of climate change on the food consumption patterns of many households due to low adaptive capacity and inefficient food production systems. In addition to climate change as a threat to food security, funeral rites also play a major role in household food insecurity. However, the link between climate change, funeral rites and food security as indices of social vulnerability has been less investigated. Using a qualitative-dominance approach to research with 8 key informant interviews, 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) and a questionnaire, the analysis revealed that climate change and funeral rites are critical determinants of food insecurity in the Kassena Nankana Municipality of the Upper East Region of Ghana. The results show that while climate change affects the food production systems, the poorly harvested farm produce and livestock are used for the funeral rites of the deceased’s household family. While being sensitive to the cultural aspects of the uses of farm produce and livestock for funeral rites, and given the prevailing climatic conditions, the study recommends the need for traditional authorities and households to consider holding less expensive funeral rites which do not expend future food needs and resources. Again, localised climate change adaptation strategies need to be developed by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture to support the activities of agriculture in the municipality which is widely known to be susceptible to climate change.

Food consumption pattern and food security status of maize farmer households in Galis District, Bangkalan

Introduction: This study examines the food consumption patterns and food security status of corn farming households in Paterongan Village, Galis Subdistrict, Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island, Indonesia. The research is conducted within the context of the low food security levels in Indonesia, despite the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since 2015. Paterongan Village serves as an interesting case study due to its high corn production but also a high poverty rate, which raises concerns regarding household-level food security. This study aims to identify the factors influencing food security among corn farmers in the area. Methods: This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach, collecting data through interviews and questionnaires with 76 female corn farmers. The 24-hour food recall technique was applied to assess food consumption patterns and calculate the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing food security. Results: The findings indicate that the food consumption patterns are relatively limited in diversity, with most households primarily consuming cereals, vegetables, oils, legumes, and fish. The average HDDS score is 7.1, with 67% of households classified as food insecure. Conclusion: The logistic regression analysis identified education level, household income, and the utilization of home gardens as significant factors that improve food security.

Life Cycle Assessment of Consumption Patterns – Understanding the links between changing social practices and environmental impacts

As we are still not on track to achieve environmental sustainability through technological change, we need to further stress the importance of understanding routinized types of behaviour by private households and the environmental assessment of corresponding consumption of resources. Social practice theories allow us to understand the constitution of human activity and its embeddedness in society. In transformation research, the relevance of social practice theories has been recognized. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the conditions under which practices change substantially and what kinds of tools and governance approaches are suitable to foster change in social practices. We therefore propose a novel way to address the transformation of consumption patterns of private households by a) connecting social practice theories to life cycle assessment for a quantitative environmental evaluation of transformation processes and b) using narrative approaches to understand the links between several social practices and conditions for change. An illustrative study of a bottom-up neighbourhood initiative shows how specific meanings and values (expressed, for example, through meanings of “enough”) affect several social practices from different consumption categories (nutrition, daily mobility, travelling). Environmental assessments further show that changing social practices across consumption categories can substantially decrease environmental pressures from private household consumption, especially in the field of nutrition. The understanding of how various social practices are connected in a nexus through narratives embodying deeper meanings point to novel ways of fostering change and the relevance of social practices related to urban or neighbourhood initiatives as an entry point to a more sustainable way of living.

Adjusting for quality of care in primary health care utilization and benefits in Bihar, India: A benefit incidence analysis

India’s public health policies prioritize the least wealthy and vulnerable. Additionally, for Primary Health Care (PHC) to achieve equitable health outcomes, all must receive high-quality care. This study determined equality of utilization and benefit incidence of PHC services across socioeconomic (SE) groups in Bihar, with and without adjusting for quality of care. It used secondary data from linked PHC facility and household surveys in Bihar that included information on PHC facility utilization, quality of care and household expenditure patterns. Lorenz curves and concentration indices were constructed to examine relative distribution of utilization and benefits from public sector PHC services by SE status, before and after adjusting for quality of care using quality weights. We found that relative distribution of public sector PHC utilization, total and net benefits was statistically no different from perfect equality. With quality weights, utilization and benefits of PHC facilities in Bihar were slightly more pro-rich but statistically no different from perfect equality. The wealthiest do not disproportionately benefit from public sector PHC facilities, but neither do the least wealthy. In conclusion, relative utilization and benefits of public sector PHC facilities were equally distributed across socioeconomic groups in Bihar. Benefits from public sector PHC facilities are not disproportionately concentrated among the least wealthy in the community. As the Ayushman-Bharat Health and Wellness Centers are strengthened to improve public sector PHC services, it would be important to target its benefits towards the least wealthy by ensuring services are accessible and amenable.

Research on the Impact of Tax Burden on Entrepreneurial Household Consumption

This study delves into the impact of tax burden on the consumption behavior of entrepreneurial households, revealing that as the tax burden increases, the disposable income of these households decreases, leading to more cautious consumption behaviors. These households tend to prefer saving over spending, which impacts their quality of life and consumption structure. The study indicates that household consumption patterns vary significantly at different levels of tax burden. High-tax households are more likely to cut non-essential spending, whereas low-tax households maintain higher consumption vitality. Additionally, the uncertainty of tax policies and regional differences influence the consumption decisions of entrepreneurial households. The article suggests measures such as implementing tax reductions, offering specific tax incentives for entrepreneurial households, and improving the transparency and stability of tax policies to alleviate the economic pressures on these households, enhance consumer confidence, and promote healthy economic development.

Household finances, debt overhang and consumption patterns

This paper studies the effect of household debt on consumption throughout the business cycle. We use household-level data for Spain in a period, 2002–2017, characterized by significant fluctuations in leverage, consumption, and asset prices. We find that high levels of debt have a negative effect on consumption during recession periods, while previous debt accumulation does not significantly influence consumption. When considering heterogeneities across types of debt, we observe that households adjust their spending faster in response to debt not associated with real estate assets. By exploiting explicit information on household credit constraints, we find no evidence suggesting that they play a significant role in shaping the debt-consumption nexus. We conclude that in a situation of high leverage and financial stress, debt overhang decreases household consumption. In this context, policies aimed at preventing households from leveraging excessively during expansions, and policies providing debt relief during recessions, can help mitigate consumption shocks.