Consumption Of Various Types Research Articles

Association between snack intake behaviors of children and neighboring women: A population-based cross-sectional analysis with spatial regionalization

BackgroundAccumulated evidence indicates that neighborhood environments affect children's health behaviors. However, measuring neighborhood environments remains challenging because there exist strengths and weaknesses both in objective and perceived environment measures. Drawing on a recent conceptual model of how environment, perception, and behavior interact, we hypothesized that neighbors' behavioral similarities indicate the combined influence of physical and social environmental opportunities on specific behaviors. We then examined how these similarities (i.e. the behavioral tendencies of children's adult neighbors) relate to children's obesogenic dietary behaviors. MethodsWe used data for 2275 women and 821 elementary schoolchildren from a 2012–2013 population-based survey in greater Tokyo, Japan. Snack intake was defined as the total consumption of various types of snacks, estimated using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Spatial regionalization, a type of spatial clustering, was used to empirically identify segments that could effectively differentiate regional variation in women's snack intake behaviors. We conducted multiple regression analysis to assess the cross-sectional association between children's snack intake and the mean snack intake of neighborhood women, adjusting for mother's intake. ResultsA 1-g increase in the mean snack intake of neighborhood women was associated with a 0.23-g (95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.45) increase in children's intake, while a 1-g increase in mother's intake was associated with a 0.34-g (95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.41) increase in children's intake. DiscussionThe results suggest that the out-of-home physical and social neighborhood environments may have non-ignorable associations with children's dietary behaviors by offering behavioral opportunities in addition to maternal influence.

Do You Know What You Drink? Comparative Research on the Contents of Radioisotopes and Heavy Metals in Different Types of Tea from Various Parts of the World.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential health risks of radioactive elements and heavy metals ingested through the consumption of various types of tea imported to the Polish market (black, green, red, oolong and white). The concentrations [Bq/kg] of radionuclides (40K, 137Cs, 226Ra, 210Pb and 228Th) in tea leaves before and after brewing were measured using γ-ray spectrometry with high-purity germanium (HPGe). The concentrations [mg/kg] of the studied elements (Fe, Cr, Cu, Mo, Al, Mn, Ni, P, V, Cd and Pb) were determined using a microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometer (MIP-OES). The results presented here will help to expand the database of heavy metals and radioactivity in teas. With regard to the potential health risk, the percentage of leaching of individual elements in different types of tea infusions was determined, and the assessment of the consumption risk was estimated. Since the calculated exposure factors, namely the HQ (Hazard Quotient) and THQ (Target Hazard Quotient), do not exceed critical levels, teas can still be considered health-beneficial products (most of the radionuclides as well as elements remain in the leaves (65-80%) after brewing).

Quantifying of the Best Model for Prediction of Greenhouse Gas Emission, Quality, and Thermal Property Values during Drying Using RSM (Case Study: Carrot)

The aim of this study is to use the response surface methodology (RSM) to mathematically model the response parameters and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and optimize the drying variables for a carrot dried with the microwave method using various pretreatments. To this end, the influence of the drying parameters (independent), such as microwave power and slice thickness dried by two pretreatments of ultrasonication at 30 °C for 10 min and blanching at 70 ℃ for 2 min, was explored on the dependent (response) parameters including the thermal properties (drying time, effective moisture diffusion coefficient (Deff), specific energy consumption, energy efficiency, quality features (color changes and shrinkage), and GHG emission (including CO2 and NOx). It should be mentioned that the emission of GHG was determined based on the energy consumption of various types of power plants such as the gas turbine steam power turbine, and combined cycle turbines using various fuels such as natural gas, heavy oil, and gas oil. The results indicated that the ultrasonication and blanching pretreatments can decrement the drying time (linearly), energy consumption (linearly or quadratically), shrinkage(quadratically), and color changes(quadratically) and enhance the Deff (linearly) and energy efficiency (linearly or quadratically) in all samples with R2 > 0.86. Moreover, the shortest drying time (42 min), lowest SEC (9.51 MJ/kg), and GHG emission ((4279.74 g CO2 in the combined cycle turbines plant, and 18.16 g NOX in the gas turbine plant) with natural gas for both plants) were recorded for the samples pretreated with blanching while the lowest color changes (13.69) and shrinkage (21.29) were observed in the ultrasonicated samples. Based on the optimization results, a microwave power of 300 W and steam power turbine of 2 mm were the best variables with a desirability of about 80% which resulted in the highest-quality products at the lowest GHG emission.

Development of a targeted amplicon sequencing method for genotyping Cyclospora cayetanensis from fresh produce and clinical samples with enhanced genomic resolution and sensitivity.

Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis, an enteric illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis, have been associated with consumption of various types of fresh produce. Although a method is in use for genotyping C. cayetanensis from clinical specimens, the very low abundance of C. cayetanensis in food and environmental samples presents a greater challenge. To complement epidemiological investigations, a molecular surveillance tool is needed for use in genetic linkage of food vehicles to cyclosporiasis illnesses, estimation of the scope of outbreaks or clusters of illness, and determination of geographical areas involved. We developed a targeted amplicon sequencing (TAS) assay that incorporates a further enrichment step to gain the requisite sensitivity for genotyping C. cayetanensis contaminating fresh produce samples. The TAS assay targets 52 loci, 49 of which are located in the nuclear genome, and encompasses 396 currently known SNP sites. The performance of the TAS assay was evaluated using lettuce, basil, cilantro, salad mix, and blackberries inoculated with C. cayetanensis oocysts. A minimum of 24 markers were haplotyped even at low contamination levels of 10 oocysts in 25 g leafy greens. The artificially contaminated fresh produce samples were included in a genetic distance analysis based on haplotype presence/absence with publicly available C. cayetanensis whole genome sequence assemblies. Oocysts from two different sources were used for inoculation, and samples receiving the same oocyst preparation clustered together, but separately from the other group, demonstrating the utility of the assay for genetically linking samples. Clinical fecal samples with low parasite loads were also successfully genotyped. This work represents a significant advance in the ability to genotype C. cayetanensis contaminating fresh produce along with greatly expanding the genomic diversity included for genetic clustering of clinical specimens.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT AS THE MAIN FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERN UNIVERSITY

The current state of energy efficiency in the consumption of various types of energy carriers in various branches of the economy of Ukraine is analyzed. During the analysis, the factors affecting the reduction of energy consumption of higher education institutions were identified, using the example of the National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine. Among the main ones that require research, we can single out, first of all, insufficient attention to the issues of energy efficiency promotion, outdated equipment and low qualification of service personnel.
 According to the results of the research, the priority directions for reducing heat loss are determined and the heating system is studied by improving the thermophysical characteristics of the enclosing structures of buildings, the introduction of thermal screens for radiators, and finally, the development and implementation of automated systems. for registration and control of the flow of coolant to heating stations.
 Recommendations have been developed to improve the quality of energy supply, energy saving and energy efficiency in NUBiP of Ukraine, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of production activities of enterprises where up to 30% of energy resources are lost due to wear and tear of operating equipment

Assessment of the Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors and Their Impact on the Health of the Adult Population in the Russian Federation

The objective of this study is to substantiate the system of indicators for assessing behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, alcohol consumption, detrimental diet patterns, lack of physical activity) and their impact on public health in the Russian Federation based on the authors’ methodology for assessing the impact of behavioral risk factors on the health of the adult population using the materials of the statistical survey of the health status of the population (conducted by Rosstat in 2021). For each risk factor, two main indicators were calculated: the prevalence of the risk factor and its impact on public health according to demographic characteristics. The scale of such a risk factor as smoking was assessed in terms of consumption of various types of tobacco and nicotine-containing products and the prevalence of nicotine addiction of varying severity. Alcohol consumption as a behavioral risk factor was assessed in the context of the relationship between the amount of consumption of various alcoholic products and the degree of health risk. The impact of a detrimental diet was estimated by the body mass index for overweight and obesity, with the account to the physical activity of Russian citizens. According to the authors, the proposed set of indicators and specific calculation results can be used to organize continuous monitoring of the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and their impact on the health of the population of the Russian Federation. As a result, a more effective response of the healthcare system and strengthening of interagency cooperation to reduce non-communicable diseases is possible.

Consumption of Meat and Processed Meats in the Russian Federation: A Retrospective Analysis and Current Realities

Background: Meat is an important source of energy, animal proteins and micronutrients in human nutrition. On the one hand, meat products and dishes are valuable sources of essential nutrients and an integral part of a healthy and nutritious diet; on the other hand, they are among the foods, the excessive consumption of which can pose risks of certain chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The analysis of trends in the average consumption of meat and meat products and their contribution to the chemical composition and energy value of the diet of Russian people is important, inter alia, for substantiating appropriate prevention strategies for NCDs at the population level. Objective: To analyze current consumption of meat and processed meats, to establish recent trends in their dietary intake, and to assess contribution of meat products to the nutritional value of the diet of Russian people. Materials and methods: We have analyzed meat and processed meats consumption based on data collected by the Russian Federal Service for State Statistics (Rosstat) within annual selective surveys of household budgets conducted in 1985–2021 and a selective survey of the diets of the Russian population in 2018. Results: The article presents the results of analyzing consumption dynamics for various types of meat and processed meats in the Russian Federation from 1985 to 2021 and the role of meat products in nutrition as a source of dietary risk factors for NCDs. We have established that meat and poultry are regularly consumed by 84.7 % of Russian adults while sausages and smoked processed meats are regularly present in the diet of 41.7 % and 18.8 % of them, respectively. We have also estimated the average daily intake of 56.4 g for all types of sausages, 83.3 g for frankfurters and short thick wieners, 133.9 g for semi-finished and ready-to-eat meat products, 59.1 g for meat snacks, and 47.6 g for canned meat and canned meat with vegetables. This regularity, high frequency and volume of consumption indicate that meat products make a considerable contribution to the daily average intake of calories and such critical nutrients posing risks of NCDs as fat, saturated fatty acids, and salt (sodium). Conclusion: We have observed a significant increase in meat consumption in the Russian Federation in recent years and a change in consumption of various types of meat and processed meats. In order to reduce the exposure of the population to dietary risk factors, it is expedient not only to improve outreach programs in healthy nutrition but also to interact with manufacturers with the purpose of updating regulatory documents for processed meats, developing new low-sodium products, and stimulating voluntary implementation of front-of-pack nutrition labeling.

FEEDING INTENSITY AND BOTH FOOD AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF THE MIDDAY GERBIL (<i>MERIONES MERIDIANUS</i>, GERBILLIDAE, RODENTIA) IN CAPTIVITY

Studies on the age characteristics of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of nutrition and energy of the Midday gerbil in captivity showed that the consumption of various types of food ranges from 4.2 to 7.5 g of dry matter per individual per day, depending on the age of the animals and the quality of the feed offered. The absolute dry matter intake reaches the maximum at air humidity levels close to 50–55%. The absolute values of food consumption by adult animals are 1.3–1.5 times higher than those of young ones. The relative level (per 10 g of body weight) of feed intake is 1.1–1.3 times, and the relative energy requirements are 1.2–1.5 times higher in young animals than in adults. Considering that the relative energy requirements of young gerbils are higher, while the absolute values of their nutrition are lower than those of adults, they need more nutritious feeds in comparison with adults to ensure an energy balance. Consequently, in nature, young animals should be more demanding for food quality, and therefore any changes in the quantity and quality of food resources will primarily affect the condition and survival of young individuals.

RESEARCH OF GLOBAL ENERGY TRENDS AIMED AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE ENERGY COMPLEXES

The article is devoted to the study of modern trends in the development of the global fuel and energy complex with the identification of features and key areas that determine the nearest policy in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency improvement. The materials analyze the dynamics of changes in demand for consumption of various types of energy resources, changes in the structure of the world energy balance, emphasizing the continuing low level of energy efficiency in many countries of the world. Taking into account the significant amount of investments in renewable energy development technologies, the high growth rates of installed capacity of power plants operating on renewable energy sources over the past decade, as well as the high rates of global growth in demand for electricity consumption, one of the key areas in improving the efficiency of the global fuel and energy complex will be the use of distributed generation, including among those operating on the basis of renewable energy sources. Integration of technologies of small distributed generation with modern technologies of energy consumption management at the level of final consumption, such as management, demand for electricity and natural gas consumption and the formation of active energy complexes on the basis of industrial enterprises, will be full-fledged participants in the circulation of energy resources in Unified energy systems and Unified gas supply systems of the future.

Strategic Development of International Corporate Social Responsibility in Agribusiness

Introduction. The identification of the interdependent development of society and business contributed to the introduction of corporate social responsibility in entrepreneurship as a guarantee of obtaining from its activity not only an economic effect but also the stimulation of social and environmental development. After all, the development of society requires constant changes in the consumption of various types of goods and services under the condition of a safe level of ecology and agriculture as the basis of food security in society, which necessitates the stimulation of productive activities of corporate social responsibility in agrarian business and its serving industries.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is an analysis of the strategic development of international corporate social responsibility in agribusiness. The main tasks are: to investigate the modern strategic directions of the development of corporate social responsibility, focusing on agrarian businesses, to identify problems and find resources to overcome them.
 Results. Strategies for the development of corporate social responsibility in business are generally formed in relation to the goals and directions of the development of business activity and aim, as a final result, to increase the level of development of business activity, society, and preservation and protection of the environment. Social, ecological, economic, intra-economic, and external strategic directions of CSR influence have been identified, with implementation carried out directly by enterprise employees or with the assistance of interested participants, or "stakeholders." An analysis of CSR business strategies was carried out with the aim of forming the optimal option for obtaining mutual benefits for all interested parties. It was determined that the relevant strategies do not have permanence and need improvement, correction, and adaptation in accordance with evolutionary changes in the development of society.
 Conclusions. The process of implementing CSR in business has a long-term nature and requires determining the optimal relationship between the chosen areas of social responsibility development in combination with the economic activity of business structures. The main directions of CSR development in agribusiness are assistance and promotion of the development and motivation of labor personnel; introduction of waste-free economic production; maintenance of relationships with clients; brand distribution; and environmental protection. The international direction of CSR is oriented in the direction of "green activity," affecting the reduction of the level of poverty and inequality.

Reinforcing concrete with recycled plastic wastes

Solid waste is one of the many factors that negatively affect the environment. The plastic is an important type of solid waste with a strong environmental impact, all types of plastic used in daily life becoming, sooner or later, waste. Therefore, increasing consumption of various types of plastic products is one of the most important challenges in environmental protection. From different perspectives, waste reuse is important because it helps to recycle in the production process, reduces environmental pollution, and helps sustain and conserve non–renewable natural resources. On another hand, many constructions require precise techniques and technologies that can utilize a number of new materials. Also, the lightweight building material industry is considered useful in promoting reused materials. In this context, the use of simple concrete and reinforced concrete is somewhat restricted by specific phenomena such as: cracking, fire resistance, shrinkage, shock resistance, wear resistance, durability, etc. For this reason, an improvement in the performance of the concrete can be obtained by adding in their mass of reinforcements dispersed in the form of fibres from different materials. The dispersed reinforced concrete results in the inclusion of a variable amount of discontinuous fibres in the concrete mass. These fibres can be of different types and sizes and have different properties. This type of reinforcements has become a major research subject in recent years. Therefore, using plastic waste in the materials industry is an environmental solution to minimize the proportion of landfills used in waste incineration. Reusing plastics as concrete additives could also redirect old water and soda bottles, the bulk of which would otherwise end up in a landfill. Research has focused on the impact of adding plastic material to fresh and hardened concrete. This study aims to investigate the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes in concrete.

Phytochemical Profiling and Anticancer Activity of Seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis Extracts Against A375 Cell Line

Nowadays several marine sources like seaweeds are used for anticancer activity against certain types of cancers. Brown algae – Fucus spp. and Red algae – Laminaria sp. are used to treat breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Green algae- Ulva fasciata and Brown algae- Undaria pinnatifida are used in treating other cancers. It has been known that consumption of various types of seaweed is responsible for the low incidence of cancer in Asian countries whose inhibitants traditionally consume a high level of seaweeds. Seaweed chemical profiles have demonstrated that they are rich in terpenoids, alkanoids, polyphenols, steroids, pigments and polysaccharides. These metabolites have pharmacological activities including cancer therapy. In this study, the GutweedEnteromorpha intestinalis was used against A375 cell lines (Skin cancer). The qualitative analysis showed the presence of anticancer properties in this seaweed. GCMS analysis were done for the compound analysis of the seaweed and the highest compound showed the anticancer activity. MTT Assay showed some good control over the skin cancer cells which can be used in future.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ МЯСА И МЯСОПРОДУКТОВ ВЗРОСЛЫМ КОРЕННЫМ И ПРИШЛЫМ НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ КРАЙНЕГО СЕВЕРА

Meat is the most important component of modern human nutrition, containing essential amino acids for building complete proteins, animal fats, B vitamins, in particular, vitamin B12 is found only in meat, as well as vitamins A, D, etc., and bioelements Fe, Ca, P, Cu, Mg, Se, etc. In 85 adult residents of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (26-42 years old), of which 38 indigenous and 47 non-indigenous residents, the questionnaire method revealed the frequency of consumption of various types of meat and meat products. It was found that the indigenous population of the YNAO ate deer meat 7 times more often against the background of less consumption of beef (4 times), pork (7.3 times), poultry meat (2 times) and meat products (4 times less). 5 times) in comparison with the alien inhabitants of the Far North. Thus, in the diet of the natives of the Far North, deer meat, which is more valuable in terms of macro- and micronutrient composition, is 7 times more likely to be present in comparison with non-indigenous residents of the YaNAO.

СПОЖИВЧА ПОВЕДІНКА В НОВОМУ МЕДІАЛАНДШАФТІ

The article is devoted to analyzing a transformation of the end consumers’ behavior in the changing media environment. Informational, behavioral, and generational approaches to the transformation of consumption content are substantiated. The essential characteristics of the modern media paradigm are considered. The main challenges for traditional media are outlined. Qualitative and quantitative shifts in consumption of various types of media in certain countries are analyzed, and structural changes in media consumption are illustrated using the example of American society. The main causes of disparities in the degree of penetration of new media types are identified. Special attention was paid to the generation factor as the main prerequisite for the transformation of media consumption, as well as the acquisition of new consumer experiences and behavioral patterns. Other elements of the research program of consumption theory are proposed, reflecting the complications and expansion of consumer behavior taking into account the new media paradigm. Changes in roles, functions, structure, and forms of consumption implementation were studied. Distinctive characteristics of the Zoomers generation as a consumer segment are considered and the trends of its behavior in the digital space are reflected. The study exposes the activation and complication of the modern consumer, which is manifested in the diversification of needs and individualization of the information and communication space. It was established that the products are saturated with an informational component, which implies the inclusion of ideological, aesthetic, and other dimensions. The modification of the mechanism of consumer choice is explained by the growing influence of digital communications at each iteration of the purchase process. The algorithm of the consumer decision-making process is outlined, and the factors affecting this process are identified. It is noted that with the development of information and communication technologies and the expansion of the choice of media, the information saturation of the markets is increasing, which emphasizes the importance of partnership relations between the producer and the consumer. The article concludes with an outline of several megatrends and an assessment of their impact on consumer behavior.

How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Effect Dental Patients? An Italian Observational Survey Study.

The primary aim of this observational survey study was to assess patients’ attitudes toward clinical dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic; the secondary aim was to evaluate patients’ attitudes towards oral health by maintaining an appropriate lifestyle and oral hygiene at home. The questionnaire was developed using Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: Part A—geographic, demographic, and personal data; Part B—patients’ attitude toward oral health selfcare and lifestyle; Part C—patients’ attitude toward dental practice. This survey, conducted during the months of November and December 2020, enrolled 1135 subjects throughout Italy. All data were statistically analyzed. COVID-19 has changed patients’ approach to dental procedures. Most of the people interviewed lived in families, and their greatest fear was infecting a family member. Restrictive measures forced people to stay at home, which led to an increased consumption of various types of food, including cariogenic foods. People said they felt safe when they went to the dentist, but they also paid special attention to measures to prevent contagion. Among the measures that should be introduced in similar situations in the future, people wanted telemedicine, a phone recall, and the possible use of video clips for home oral care instructions.

Prediction of energy consumption of residential buildings in northern Cyprus using fuzzy interference system

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of Fuzzy Interference System (FIS) to estimate the energy consumption of various types of residential buildings in the northern part of Cyprus. It can be considered as an extension of an earlier survey by Evcil which explored the characteristics and energy behaviors of residential building stock in northern part of Cyprus.The climate zone in which the house was constructed, floor area of house, the year of construction, the type of house and the number of occupants per house was considered as input parameters and energy consumption per floor area as the output. The data obtained from 70 questionnaires were used to construct a FIS model, 67 rules were generated and 15 questionnaires were utilized for testing. The energy consumption values estimated by the proposed FIS model were in close agreement with their actual counterparts reported previously, i.e. R2 value was as 0.9884 and 0.8851 for training and testing phase, respectively. The results demonstrated that the FIS model can be a powerful tool for predicting energy consumption of residential buildings.

Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing Endocrine Therapy Have a Worrying Risk Factor Profile for Cardiovascular Diseases.

The increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in breast cancer survivors has been widely discussed in the literature and occurs due to the cardiotoxicity of antineoplastic treatments, and also to the common risk factors between these diseases. Thus, the objective of our study was to evaluate, prospectively, the number of risk factors (NRF) for CVDs in women during endocrine therapy, and to associate the NRF with C reactive protein (CRP) and phase angle (PhA). The following risk factors for CVD were evaluated at three times: anthracycline chemotherapy, radiotherapy, comorbidities, inadequate diet, overweight, abdominal adiposity, alcoholism, smoking, physical inactivity and altered lipid profile. There was inadequacy in the most components of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index—Revised and inadequate consumption of various types of fats and fibers. Most women in this study presented excessive abdominal fat and overweight, but these parameters have not changed over time (p < 0.005). Moreover, a high frequency of systemic arterial hypertension and physical inactivity was observed. The average NRF for CVDs was above ten, at the three evaluation times. Women with higher NRF had higher levels of CRP (p = 0.003), a predictor of cardiovascular risk, however, there was no significance with PhA (p = 0.256). Thus, intervention is needed to improve lifestyle.

Dynamical analysis of fractional-order tobacco smoking model containing snuffing class

The cur­rent pan­demic sit­u­a­tion caused by COVID-19 has affected human life globally at the economic, social and men­tal health levels. Specifically, ten­sion has led an in­creas­ing number of people to the consumption of various types of to­bacco.. In this work, an existing tobacco smoking model with a specific class of tobacco snuffing is converted into a fractional order as many applications of fractional derivatives to recall the past history of smokers in the present model. For this purpose, we use fractional derivative in Caputo sense to study the model in the form of fractional order. Then Positivity, boundness and dynamics of the proposed model are investigated. For numerical results, the generalized “Adams–Bashforth–Moulton Method (GABMM) and fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) method” are used to solve the proposed model and Matlab numerical computing environment is the current software used.

Analisis Pola Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Petani Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu

The household is the smallest unit in society, so it can be said that household income means community income. This study aims to determine the determination of the variable income, economic activity, and household members, as well as differences in the location of residence to the consumption of oil palm farmers in Labuhanbatu Regency. The method used to analyze data with multiple linear regression models, by certifying in the Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) method. The estimation results found that all independent variables were positive and significantly influenced the amount of food consumption, on the contrary were negative and significant towards non-food consumption expenditure. The estimation results also found that the amount of consumption of various types of foodstuffs in urban communities was smaller than the food consumption of inland communities amounting to Rp.1,248,000. However, greater than the consumption of food for coastal communities is Rp. 1,323,800. While the amount of consumption expenditure for various types of non-food for urban communities is greater than non-food consumption for inland communities Rp.2,782,000. And also greater than non-food consumption of coastal communities, namely Rp. 3776 000. Variation in the ability of independent variables in explaining food consumption by 92.5 percent, and expenditure for non-food consumption by 87.4 percent. The model specification is very good with the model being free from violations of the classical assumptions of multicollinearity and heterokedastisitas.&#x0D; Keywords: Consumption, Income, Socio-economy, Oil palm Farmers

Talking about the Building Energy-saving Design Ideas and Applications in Green Buildings

In many countries or regions today, the rapid social and economic development is often based on the large consumption of various types of resources and energy. In the end, the ecological environment within the region will therefore be damaged and polluted to varying degrees. With the continuous improvement and enhancement of environmental protection awareness in different industries in various countries around the world, in order to keep up with the development process and get rid of the current objective situation of excessive energy consumption, it is necessary to achieve reduction by creating green buildings and actively implementing energy-saving design Purpose of energy level. Based on the analysis of the basic concepts and design principles of green buildings and energy-saving design, this paper puts forward the key points of green building energy-saving design and analyzes and interprets the actual cases in order to look forward to the further development of green buildings.