Consumption Of Fossil Fuels Research Articles

Climate Change and its Impact on Human Health: A Focus on Vetcor Borne Diseases

Human activities are blamed for climate change, for instance, cutting trees, deforestation, desertification, arable lands abuse, increasing consumption of fossil fuels in industries and transportation have increased greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the earths atmospheres that resulted in increased average temperature. Accumulation of green house gases in lower atmospheres is the main reason for global warming. The overall health effects of climate change are likely to be extremely negative. Climate change affects social and environmental factors related to health such as contaminating drinking water, less access to water, having adverse effects on food security, and ruining shelter. It also imposes new diseases and mortality on human population. Climate change specially extreme high temperature increases deaths due to complication from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diabetes, mental disorder, respiratory and renal diseases. Weather related natural disasters result in more deaths. Intense rainfall and floods cause direct trauma, ruin agricultural land, contaminate fresh water, increase the risk of water borne disease and create suitable breeding grounds for vector borne disease like malaria, leshmaniasis, CCHF, and others. Climate change also increases the rate of communicable and non-communicable diseases. All papulation is affected by climate change but elders, pregnant women and children are more vulnerable than others. Climate change is challenging all human societies, but areas with weak health infrastructure and low socioeconomic status are more affected.

DYNAMIC INTEGRATION OF BICYCLE DESIGN

Bicycles have been an essential mode of transportation and a source of recreation for centuries. In recent years, the field of bicycle design has seen a paradigm shift with the introduction of dynamic integration. This innovative approach focuses on seamlessly combining various elements of design to enhance both performance and user experience, setting a new standard for the cycling industry. Cycling also offers a reduced consumption of fossil fuels, less air or noise pollution, and much reduced traffic congestion. These lead to less financial cost to the user as well as to society at large. In Bicycles by using simple pedaling travelling longer distances is difficult, on an average a normal person can travel 10-15 km by using bicycle, but usingthe contemporary ways i.e., mounting an I.C engine on bicycle one can travel longer distance. A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor and conveyance, usedeither to power the vehicle unassisted, or to assist with pedaling. Since it always retainsboth pedals and a discrete connected drive for rider-powered motive force In this demonstration a 2-stroke I.C engine is mounted on a bicycle, it create low pollution when equate to motor bikes. The engine is mounted at the middle of the bicycle and by using the chain the engine is associated to the rear wheel. By using thesekind motorized bicycles we have serious prospect to decrease the pollution and traffic (because it occupies less space than motor bikes), and human efforts bicycles and increases the health of human. Key words: Two Stroke Engine, Bicycle, Eco-Friendly, Human Effort.

The Effect of Trade Development on Fossil Fuel Consumption in South Asian Countries

Utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework for cointegration, this study performs a comprehensive long and short-run analysis of the connection between trade development and fossil fuel consumption using data from 1980 to 2020. Fossil fuel consumption in Bangladesh and Pakistan is influenced by exports, based on co-integration among the variables. Trade openness is positively significant in Nepal. This is in contrast to Bangladesh, where it is negatively significant. Additionally, the exchange rate employs a positive significance in Bangladesh and India while negative in Nepal. The short-run analysis reveals similar relational dynamics, whereas the exchange rate positively influences Pakistan.

Self-sustained and Insulated Radiative/Evaporative Cooler for Daytime Subambient Passive Cooling.

Passive cooling technologies are one of the promising solutions to the global energy crisis due to no consumption of fossil fuels during operation. However, the existing radiative and evaporative coolers still have problems achieving daytime subambient cooling while maintaining evaporation over the long term. Here, we propose a self-sustained and insulated radiative/evaporative cooler (SIREC), which consists of a porous polyethylene film (P-PE) at the top, an air layer in the middle, and poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with lithium bromide (PLH) at the bottom. In particular, the P-PE shows high solar reflectance (R̅solar = 0.91) and long-wave infrared transmittance (τ̅LWIR = 0.92), which reflects sunlight while enhancing the direct radiative heat transfer between outer space and PLH (ε̅LWIR = 0.96) for sky radiative cooling. In addition, the desirable vapor permeability (579 s m-1) of the P-PE also results in good compatibility with PLH for evaporative cooling (EC). Moreover, the PLH's ability to harvest atmospheric water at night provides self-sustainment for daytime EC. The air layer between P-PE and PLH further enhances the subambient cooling performance of the SIREC. These findings indicate promising prospects for the integration of passive cooling technologies.

Effect of fuel injection pressure on the performances of a CI engine using water-emulsified diesel (WED) as a fuel

BackgroundThe choice of energy sources is essential for sustainable development to combat different environmental issues caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. Though diesel engines are considered more efficient and reliable than other internal combustion engines, they emit different harmful pollutants which are detrimental to human health and the environment. Researchers are trying to find suitable alternative fuels for diesel engines with lower pollutant emissions and without much compromise in the efficiency of the engine. In this regard, water-emulsified diesel (WED) may be considered to be one of the most suitable alternative fuels. It is expected that the entire world will use electric vehicles in the long term. However, the complete replacement of IC engines in the near future is not feasible. In fact, different European countries have targeted to ban the use of diesel engine cars before the middle of the twenty-first century. Prior to that date, hybrid vehicles will be more popular and diesel engines will continue to play an important role. Hence, research involving improvements in diesel-operated IC engines is still relevant.MethodsAn experimental investigation was carried out using WED containing 10% water by volume as a fuel in a diesel engine at four different fuel injection pressures. The WED was prepared using an ultrasonicator.ResultsWith the increase of injection pressure, peak net heat release rate and in-cylinder pressure are found to have increased. Brake thermal efficiency is also found to have improved at higher injection pressure. The maximum efficiency was recorded when a WED at 210 bar of injection pressure is used, and it is about 3.3% higher than the maximum efficiency achieved when using normal diesel at the same pressure of fuel injection. At a higher load, neat brake-specific fuel consumption is found to be less compared to neat diesel, when only the amount of diesel contained in the emulsion as a fuel is considered. Maximum reduction in both NOx and smoke emission by using WED is recorded at 210 bar, and the average reductions are determined to be 32.6% and 51.9%, respectively.ConclusionsWED can be used as an alternative fuel for existing diesel engines without any retrofitting and with significant reduction in the emissions of pollutants compared to normal diesel fuel. It can also be concluded that at higher injection pressure, the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engines are improved when using emulsified diesel.

Does environmental policy stringency reduce trade in energy resources? Insights from coal, petroleum, and gas

Stringent Environmental policies are widely acknowledged as a significant policy option to control the harmful effects of environmental degradation. Restricting trade in energy commodities helps reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and thus improve environmental quality. Within the framework of new trade theory, the analysis intends to investigate the influence of environmental policy stringency on trade in conventional energy commodities (coal, petroleum, and gas) in the top polluted economies of the world from 1991 to 2021. Additionally, the study uses the asymmetry assumption compared to earlier research. For empirical investigation, the analysis applied the novel nonlinear CS-ARDL model that can deal with the issue of cross-sectional dependence and provide robust short and long-run estimates. Findings of the nonlinear model suggest that a positive shock in environmental policy stringency restricts trade in energy commodities in the long run, whereas a negative shock in environmental policy stringency does not exert any noticeable effect on these commodities. In the short run, a positive shock in environmental policy stringency exhibits significantly negative effects in mostly energy commodities. Energy demand and financial development promote trade in energy commodities in the nonlinear model, and the real exchange rate restricts trade in these commodities. Thus, policymakers should introduce strict environmental policies to limit the consumption of fossil fuels and promote clean and green energy sources and sustainable development.

The Brazilian automotive market: challenges for the growth of electric and hybrid vehicles

The auto industry and related activities are responsible for a billion dollar financial movement worldwide and are not free from pressure often imposed by some sectors of society. Among these pressures there is the concern with the consumption of fossil fuels, which have a significant impact on the quality of the environment (air pollution, climate change, oil spills, and the generation of toxic waste) due to the production of these fuels. In Brazil, facing concerns about the emission of polluting gases, there have arisen several ways to combat this environmental pollution, such as the implementation of public policies aimed at increasing the efficiency of vehicles and diversifying the use of alternatives to fossil fuels (ethanol and biodiesel), and the use of vehicles with smaller internal combustion engines (which are lighter and more economical in terms of fuel consumption and facilitate the recovery of braking energy, formerly dissipated in the form of heat). However, initiatives are still rare in Brazil that aim at the spread of electric and hybrid vehicles, probably due to reasons such as taxation and incentive policies which do not stimulate the quantity of these vehicles in circulation.

Investigating the agriculture-induced environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in South Asian economies

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the agriculture-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in South Asian economies (SAE).Design/methodology/approachThis study employs econometric techniques, including Westerlund cointegration tests, cross-sectional augmented distributive lag model (CS-ARDL) and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) causality tests to investigate the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, agriculture, economic growth, financial development and carbon emissions in SAE from 1990 to 2019.FindingsThe CS-ARDL test outcome supports the presence of the agriculture-induced EKC hypothesis in SAE. Additionally, through the application of the DH causality test, the study confirms a unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption (REC), fossil fuel consumption (FFC), economic growth (GDP) and squared economic growth (GDP2) to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study proposes that future research should extend comparisons to worldwide intergovernmental bodies, use advanced econometric methodologies for accurate estimates, and investigate incorporating the service or primary sector into the EKC. Such multidimensional studies can inform various methods for mitigating global climate change and ensuring ecological sustainability.Originality/valueEnvironmental degradation has been extensively studied in different regions and countries, but SAE face significant constraints in addressing this issue, and comprehensive studies in this area are scarce. This research is pioneering as it is the first study to investigate the applicability of the agriculture-induced EKC in the South Asian region. By filling this gap in the current literature, the study provides valuable insights into major SAE and their environmental challenges.

Design and optimization of ground‐coupled refrigeration heat exchanger in Dubai: Numerical approach

AbstractGround‐coupled heat exchangers (GCHE) have received significant attention over several decades as a result of increasing the world's energy demand and the need for reducing fossil fuels consumption. Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing GCHE with refrigeration and heating systems. However, optimizing the performance of GCHE coupled with chillers for heat rejection, especially in extreme hot‐humid climates (where cooling towers are not very effective) is lacking in the literature. In this work, a ground borehole fitted with a coaxial‐tubes heat exchanger (BHE) is numerically simulated. Based on a wide range of data collected for the soil of Dubai, its real in situ thermophysical properties are characterized. The soil's upper layer thickness is relatively small and dry that operates in conduction mode, while the lower one is water‐saturated that works in coupled conduction‐advection mode. The study aims at optimizing the parameters advancing heat rejection into ground considering the actual properties of the soil of Dubai. The results indicate that the more feasible high‐density polyethylene pipes can perform as good as the steel ones. Also, a great finding based on the presented novel design is that insulating the inner pipe can increase the temperature duty by 55%. The proposed design of BHE is relatively inexpensive, more feasible and efficient, which is achieved for the first time based on a deep analysis of Dubai climate and soil. This makes the technology ready to be implemented for industrial applications in Dubai and other regions having a similar climate and soil nature.

Reducing Fossil Fuel Consumption by Incorporating Renewable Energy Sources in Wastewater Treatment Processes

Various types of aqueous solutions are disposed of in residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial buildings. The wastewater must be treated to remove pathogens (bacteria, viruses), nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus), and other compounds in order to maintain public health and the environment. Accumulation of untreated sewage can result in a wide range of nuisances. Most of Israel's wastewater is purified and used for irrigation every year, which amounts to 530 million cubic meters. Approximately 80 percent of wastewater recovered in Israel is recycled. By treating wastewater appropriately, agriculture, tourism, gardening, and industry can benefit. The presence of raw sewage in settlements with no sewage collection or transportation networks continues to pose a great threat even today. There is a significant energy consumption associated with wastewater treatment processes. In this study, solar energy was attempted to be integrated as a renewable energy source. With Renewable Energy Sources integrated into the process, costs will be reduced, and it will also be possible to establish decentralized facilities in areas without proper infrastructure for traditional treatment methods.

Enhancing Bioethanol Production from <em>Azolla filiculoides</em> through Optimization of Pretreatment and Culture Conditions with <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>

Purpose: Increasing human population and extreme consumption of fossil fuels create a potential to generate alternative energy sources. Bioethanol is a renewable energy resource for fossil fuels and it can be produced from low-cost raw material. This study was aimed to convert the low-value freshwater flora into high-value bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to optimize the conditions for yield enhancement with the Azolla filiculoides substrate.Research Method: The freshwater flora was collected, cleaned, dried and then pre-treated with 1 M H2SO4 solution at 121 0C for 15 min. The flora with significantly higher yields of reducing sugar and alcohol was chosen for further research. Three pre-treatment techniques, including acid (1 M H2SO4), enzymatic (1% α-amylase), and a combination of both (1 M H2SO4 and 1% α-amylase) were applied to the selected substrate. The technique that resulted in a significantly higher reducing sugar and alcohol yield was chosen.Findings: The study revealed that Azolla filiculoides substrate produced significantly higher alcohol yield with Saccharomyces cerevisiae using combination of chemical and enzymatic pre-treatment technique. When fermentation was done at varying H2SO4 concentration (0.50-1.75 M), fermentation time (12-60 h), temperature (20-450C), rotation speed (50- 250 rpm) and inoculum concentration (25-150 g/L), and significantly higher alcohol yield (19 times than the non-optimized) was obtained after 36 h, at 40 0C and 0.75 M H2SO4 concentration with an inoculum concentration of 75 g/L at 200 rpm.Originality/ Value: The study concluded that Azolla filiculoides can be used as an efficient raw material for alcohol production.

Under the Background of Economic Structure Optimization, Environmental Governance Promotes Macroeconomic Structural Adjustment Measures

Along with the implementation of reform and opening up in the 1970s, China’s economy entered a period of rapid development. During this period, the economic structure of our country has gradually changed from the primary industry to the secondary industry. Even today, the industrial industry still plays a very important role in the economic structure of our country. The industrial chain such as the real estate industry, chemical industry, and manufacturing industry is still the main industrial structure that promotes our economic growth for a long time. However, as the energy of industrial development is obtained by massive consumption of fossil fuels, the economic development brought by industrial development is behind the serious environmental pollution problem. We gradually realize that economic development cannot be based on environmental damage, but although our country has been committed to reversing the situation of environmental sacrifice for economic development at the beginning of the discovery of problems, the effect is very little. Therefore, how to maximize environmental protection under the current economic structure is the issue to be discussed in this paper. This paper mainly summarizes relevant experience through domestic and foreign literature, and clarifies the macro relationship between environmental governance and economic structure, and then discusses it from three dimensions: technological innovation, consumer demand, and international trade. The final results show that different types of environmental regulations have different effects on industrial structure, and the effectiveness of policy incentive regulation is about 23% higher than that of command control regulation. At the same time, according to the analysis results of economic structure upgrading in the Pearl River Delta region, the effect of environmental regulation on the regional industrial structure is also different, and the average effect can improve the overall industrial structure optimization rate by about 36%.

Environmental sustainability assessment of softwood and hardwood seedlings production in forest nurseries: A case study from Pakistan.

This article describes the environmental impacts of producing a single seedling in forest nurseries of selected districts (i.e., Haripur, Abbottabad, and Mansehra) of Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. This study was based on the cradle-to-gate approach which begins with the pre-nursery stage and progresses toward the main nursery before transplanting seedlings into the plantation site. Data or life cycle inventory (LCI) of seedling production were collected through questionnaire surveys and personal meetings with forest nurseries managers and workers regarding consumption of different inputs such as electricity, diesel, fertilizers, herbicides, and polyethylene bags, organic manure, and water consumption. The SimaPro software version 8.5 and the CML2000 v2.05 environmental model was applied to perform life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for a single seedling production in forest nurseries in the study area. In line with the objectives of the study, primary data regarding inputs and outputs of the nurseries were collected from 35 nurseries in the study area by using a random questionnaire method. In addition, secondary data were taken from online databases such as Eco-invent v.3.2 CORRIM and peer-reviewed published literature. For this study, a functional unit of a single seedling was considered. Production weighted average data were modeled in the latest environmental modeling software i.e., SimaPro v.8.5 for ten US-EPA most wanted environmental impacts, such as global warming potential (GWP), abiotic depletion (AD), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity (FAE), marine water eco-toxicity (MWE), terrestrial eco-toxicity (TE), ozone layer depletion (OLD), photochemical oxidation (PO), and human toxicity (HT). The results showed that the highest environmental impact posed by a single seedling was marine aquatic eco-toxicity (11.31360 kg 1,4-DB eq), followed by global warming potential (0.02945 kg CO2 eq) and (0.01227 kg 1,4-DB eq) human toxicity. The primary reason for these environmental burdens was the use of synthetic fertilizers in forest nurseries and the consumption of fossil fuels in nursery mechanization and transportation activities. The total cumulative energy demand for a single seedling was (0.800 MJ) with more than 90% contribution from fossil fuel energy resources such as petrol and diesel. It is therefore highly recommended to use renewable energy resources and organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers in forest nurseries to avoid and minimize greenhouse gas emissions (GHS) and other toxic emissions in the study area.

Design Design and Discussion of Offshore Floating Platforms for Wind Turbines

Alongside the development of human civilisations over the last century, the global demand and consumption of fossil fuels have experienced a significant increase. Consequently, environmentally friendly and sustainable designs are in high demand in every professional field. This report focuses on two designs of floating wind turbine platforms as well as related professional discussions in the field of fluid mechanics.

The application of graphene material in the negative electrode of lithium battery

With the development of science and technology, the massive consumption of traditional fossil fuels not only brings serious environmental pollution but also causes an energy crisis. As an indispensable new energy in today’s world, Lithium batteries have many advantages that other types of batteries do not have, such as high energy density, long life, low self-discharge rate advantages, green and environmental protection, etc., and widely used in various fields, such as automotive, medical, aerospace and so on. However, the drawbacks such as low specific capacity and high side reaction of graphite material in traditional lithium batteries limit the application of lithium batteries. Graphene, as a two-dimensional material composed of carbon atoms in a single layer thickness, possesses the advantages of huge surface area, high strength and hardness, good electrical and thermal conductivity, flexibility, and transparency, and has great potential for application in lithium batteries. In this paper, for graphene as the anode material of lithium batteries, its effects on the performance of lithium batteries, including cycling performance, charge/discharge rate, and energy density, are discussed respectively. In addition, this paper also summarizes the latest progress on the application of graphene anode materials in lithium batteries.

Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction with copper-based photocathodes

The excessive consumption of fossil fuels has led to a rapid surge in atmospheric CO2 concentration, triggering severe energy crises and environmental concerns. In this context, photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for CO2 reduction is perceived as a highly appealing resolution, due to its integration of the advantages offered by both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Undoubtedly, the photocathode plays a pivotal role within the PEC CO2 reduction system. Among various catalysts, copper (Cu)-based photocathodes have garnered significant attention owing to their low toxicity, affordability, advantageous band gap and distinctive active sites that enable the conversion of CO2 into a diversity of reduction products including carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), ethanol (C2H5OH) and so on. This review primarily delves into the current developments of Cu-based photocathodes in PEC CO2 reduction, encompassing aspects like material fabrication processes and modification techniques. Subsequently, an analysis is presented regarding the reaction mechanisms underlying different CO2 conversion products. Finally, an anticipatory perspective is provided regarding future research in the field of PEC CO2 reduction. This review enables researchers to promptly capture the latest advancements of Cu-based photocathode for PEC CO2 reduction, offers valuable insights for future research on the design and synthesis of Cu-based photocathode, and provides a guideline to achieve enhanced improvements in PEC CO2 conversion.

Pyrolysis of corn stalks: The potential of using bio-oil as a fuel

Due to the increasing consumption of fossil fuels, there is a growing demand for renewable energy resources. At the same time, a significant amount of agricultural waste accumulates, including corn residues, and efficient management of this waste is a challenge. In this work, the waste biomass, which consisted of the stalks of two types of corn, was characterized and subjected to the pyrolysis process at 400?C. Physicochemical characterization of the obtained liquid fraction (bio-oil) was performed, and the obtained data were compared with literature data for liquid biofuel. The calorific value of bio-oil was above 22 MJ kg-1, which indicates the good potential of waste corn biomass as an energy source. With appropriate further changes in the composition of waste, by adding materials with a higher carbon and hydrogen content, corn stalks can represent a significant energy source, with better regulation of disposal and storage of agricultural waste.

Modernization of the Heating System in Uzbekistan: Transition to Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Green Technologies

The article examines the problems and prospects of modernization of the heating system in Uzbekistan in the context of the transition to a green economy. The authors analysed the current state of the heating system and proposed solutions aimed at increasing its efficiency through the introduction of innovative green technologies, such as solar collectors and other renewable energy sources. The study substantiates the need to use energy-saving technologies and improve the energy efficiency of buildings to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Calculations of the economic efficiency of the proposed measures, including an assessment of the return on investment, are carried out. Recommendations are given for the development and support of green technologies in the heating sector at the state level.

Performance of adjustable multilayer film based on radiation cooling and electrochromism

Energy and environmental challenges caused by the excessive consumption of fossil fuels are major concerns worldwide, and the use of automotive air conditioning can increase total fuel consumption by 10% to 30%, thereby exacerbating these problems. To reduce the energy consumption for automotive air conditioning, a multilayer-film design based on radiative cooling and electrochromic modulation is proposed for regulating the temperature inside vehicles. The designed multilayer-film not only passively realizes temperature drop but also actively regulates the entry of solar radiation, which can help the vehicle air conditioning system to adjust the interior temperature autonomously. To verify its effectiveness, a film-applied empty box device is designed for radiometric temperature measurement. Experimental results indicate that the maximum interior temperature drop of the multilayer film increases by approximately 9.8 ℃ compared with that of single-layer films in the sunlight irradiation, and dynamic temperature regulation of about 4.6 ℃ can be achieved by adjusting the transmittance of the multilayer film. To study the environmental adaptability of the multilayer film, experiments are conducted on an outdoor film-applied device during the summer and winter in Shenyang, China (<inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20241025175516">\begin{document}$\rm 41^\circ44'N, 123^\circ39'E$\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>), the place which is characterized by a typical temperate continental climate. Results indicate that under high temperature conditions of 30–40 ℃ in summer, the maximum internal temperature drop of the multilayer film reaches 12.9 ℃; while under low temperature conditions of 0–15 ℃ in autumn and winter, the maximum internal temperature drop is only 1.9 ℃, preventing the interior temperature from being too low. In addition, the maximum interior temperature drop increases with the solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature increasing. Therefore, the proposed multilayer-film design, with its potential for temperature self-regulation, provides a promising solution for reducing energy consumption and improving passenger comfort.

Engineering extracellular electron transfer pathways of electroactive microorganisms by synthetic biology for energy and chemicals production.

The excessive consumption of fossil fuels causes massive emission of CO2, leading to climate deterioration and environmental pollution. The development of substitutes and sustainable energy sources to replace fossil fuels has become a worldwide priority. Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs), employing redox reactions of electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) on electrodes to achieve a meritorious combination of biocatalysis and electrocatalysis, provide a green and sustainable alternative approach for bioremediation, CO2 fixation, and energy and chemicals production. EAMs, including exoelectrogens and electrotrophs, perform extracellular electron transfer (EET) (i.e., outward and inward EET), respectively, to exchange energy with the environment, whose rate determines the efficiency and performance of BESs. Therefore, we review the synthetic biology strategies developed in the last decade for engineering EAMs to enhance the EET rate in cell-electrode interfaces for facilitating the production of electricity energy and value-added chemicals, which include (1) progress in genetic manipulation and editing tools to achieve the efficient regulation of gene expression, knockout, and knockdown of EAMs; (2) synthetic biological engineering strategies to enhance the outward EET of exoelectrogens to anodes for electricity power production and anodic electro-fermentation (AEF) for chemicals production, including (i) broadening and strengthening substrate utilization, (ii) increasing the intracellular releasable reducing equivalents, (iii) optimizing c-type cytochrome (c-Cyts) expression and maturation, (iv) enhancing conductive nanowire biosynthesis and modification, (v) promoting electron shuttle biosynthesis, secretion, and immobilization, (vi) engineering global regulators to promote EET rate, (vii) facilitating biofilm formation, and (viii) constructing cell-material hybrids; (3) the mechanisms of inward EET, CO2 fixation pathway, and engineering strategies for improving the inward EET of electrotrophic cells for CO2 reduction and chemical production, including (i) programming metabolic pathways of electrotrophs, (ii) rewiring bioelectrical circuits for enhancing inward EET, and (iii) constructing microbial (photo)electrosynthesis by cell-material hybridization; (4) perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for engineering EET to develop highly efficient BESs for sustainable energy and chemical production. We expect that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the future development of BESs in energy harvesting, CO2 fixation, and chemical synthesis.