Calcium Consumption Research Articles

Agronomic biofortification of calcium in cabbage (Brassica Oleracea var capitata) applied with different sources of liming in Ca deficient acidic soil of Coonoor, The Nilgiris (Typic Dystropept)

The human body needs calcium (Ca) to maintain strong bones and teeth and to build a strong structure, helping muscles contract and playing a crucial role in the structural and signalling process. However, low calcium consumption in the diet has related to a variety of disorders in humans, which can have long-term health repercussions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the Ca biofortification capacity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) supplied with different Ca-supplying inorganic fertilizer sources at various fixed levels based on soil liming potential grown in open field conditions where four hybrids of cabbage grown in Ca deficient acidic soil. Ca applied as Limestone (CaCO3) (150% and 175% liming potential) and Dolomitic limestone [CaMg(CO3)2]150% liming potential yield high Ca content in cabbage head and foliage (61.3 mg 100 g-1), high glucosinolates content (53.12 mg 100 g-1) and lower oxalate(0.31 mg 100 g-1) that produced firmer head as compared with Ca untreated control which also promoted high market value for Ca biofortified ones. On the other hand, Ca addition leads to lower Fe and Mg content in the cabbage tissues due to an antagonistic effect. All four hybrids of cabbage studied using the agronomic method of biofortification significantly(p≤0.05) improved Ca enrichment (20% more compared to control) without showing any toxicity symptoms making possibility to obtain Ca biofortified cabbage in acidic soil of a hilly ecosystem by application of liming.

Prediagnostic serum calcium concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer development in 2 large European prospective cohorts

BackgroundHigher dietary calcium consumption is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, little data are available on the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk. ObjectivesTo explore the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk using data from 2 large European prospective cohort studies. MethodsConditional logistic regression models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs in case-control studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; n-cases = 947, n-controls = 947) and the UK Biobank (UK-BB; n-cases = 2759, n-controls = 12,021) cohorts. ResultsIn EPIC, nonalbumin-adjusted total serum calcium (a proxy of free calcium) was not associated with CRC (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.03; modeled as continuous variable, per 1 mg/dL increase), colon cancer (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.05) or rectal cancer (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.20) risk in the multivariable adjusted model. In the UK-BB, serum ionized calcium (free calcium, most active form) was inversely associated with the risk of CRC (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95; per 1 mg/dL) and colon cancer (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.90), but not rectal cancer (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.24) in multivariable adjusted models. Meta-analysis of EPIC and UK-BB CRC risk estimates showed an inverse risk association for CRC in the multivariable adjusted model (OR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.97). In analyses by quintiles, in both cohorts, higher levels of serum calcium were associated with reduced CRC risk (EPIC: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.00; P-trend = 0.03; UK-BB: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.94; P-trend < 0.01). Analyses by anatomical subsite showed an inverse cancer risk association in the colon (EPIC: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.02; P-trend = 0.05; UK-BB: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.88; P-trend < 0.01) but not the rectum. ConclusionsIn UK-BB, higher serum ionized calcium levels were inversely associated with CRC, but the risk was restricted to the colon. Total serum calcium showed a null association in EPIC. Additional prospective studies in other populations are needed to better investigate these associations.

A Critical Analysis of Relationship and Management of Sweet Bones in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Due to the increased risk of encountering several bone deformities as a result of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes), it has become obligatory to study this relationship among them so that such conditions of skeletal complications might be detected and treated at a much earlier stage. Type 1 diabetic patients have ameliorated bone mineral density and bone turnover, thus increasing the risk of individuals suffering from fractures. The mechanism behind bone deformities is multifactorial and not completely understood yet. The major factors responsible are less amount of osteoclasts and decreased activity of osteoblasts due to deviated insulin signaling pathway. Other eminent factors involved are oxidative stress, elevated levels of calcium and magnesium in urine, and the build-up of advanced glycation end products. These eminent factors lead to the formation of sweet bones. Sweet bone is a name given collectively to the altered structure, strength, and metabolism of bones. This study will help the researchers to understand and maintain good lifestyle practices. Educating the patients about avoiding other diabetic complications, regular consumption of calcium and vitamin D, along with maintaining proper serum glucose levels are the major steps to be taken primarily in treating bone loss due to type 1 diabetes.

Dietary Intake and Physical Activity of Thai Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Appropriate dietary intake and physical activity (PA) are essential for glycemic control and optimal growth in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, this study aimed to compare dietary intake and PA between youth with T1D and healthy controls. One hundred Thai youth with T1D and 100 age-matched healthy participants were recruited. A 3-day food record was completed and converted into nutrient intake data. PA data were collected via interview. Participants with T1D had a significantly higher mean ± SD carbohydrate (50.8 ± 6.8% vs. 46.2 ± 7.5%, p < 0.01), lower fat (32.4 ± 5.9% vs. 35.9 ± 6.4%, p < 0.01), and lower protein (16.8 ± 2.6% vs. 17.9 ± 3.5%, p = 0.01) intake compared to controls. Fifty percent of T1D participants and 41% of control participants consumed saturated fat more than recommendations (p = 0.20). Participants with T1D had a higher median (IQR) calcium intake compared to controls (474 (297−700) vs. 328 (167−447) mg/day, p < 0.01). Both groups consumed less fiber and more sodium compared to recommendations. Both groups had inadequate PA. Participants with T1D had significantly less PA compared to controls (25 (13−48) vs. 34 (14−77) minutes/day, p = 0.04). In addition to the need for counseling that promotes consumption of more dietary fiber and calcium and less saturated fat and sodium, the benefits of performing regular exercise need to be emphasized among youth with T1D.

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ОСТЕОПОРОЗА

The work studied the effectiveness of preventive measures for osteoporosis in adults, since most modern methods of its prevention do not always give a positive result than expected. Taking into account the long asymptomatic course of osteoporosis, in fact, secondary prevention of recurrent complications is carried out. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the consumption of calcium, as the main mineral for strengthening bone density, however, according to statistics, this does not lead to a decrease in the incidence of osteoporosis. Therefore, to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures, a literary review was carried out, both fatherland and foreign scientific sources, on the state of bone tissue for the entire period of life. The aim of our work is to identify periods of primary disorders of bone synthesis and its causes and, consequently, ways of preserving and restoring bone tissue throughout life. It was found, analyzing these sources on the state of bone tissue in childhood and adulthood, taking into account different geographical locations, that the quality of the structure of bone tissue, in the first place, depends on the quality of food and, first of all, on its mineral composition and vitamins. But, at present, taking into account factors that worsen both the external environment and food, bone mineralization is deteriorating, which requires constant replenishment of minerals, calcium preparations and natural vitamins. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that, as noted in all sources, bone formation disorders begin from childhood, therefore, maintaining normal bone mineralization in this period contributes to the formation of its strength for the rest of life, which forms the basis for the prevention of osteoporosis in adults. Moderate physical activity also plays an important role.

Dietary acid load is associated with primary osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and primary osteoporosis. This was a cross-sectional study. Among 850 randomly selected postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years, 232 women consisted of 124 women with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and 108 with primary osteoporosis were selected after examining the eligibility criteria. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric indices, and physical activity were collected through questionnaires. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. DAL was assessed by a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire during the last year. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and adjusted binary logistic regression were used for data analysis through SPSS/24. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), number of deliveries, and years after menopause (p< .05). The mean (standard deviation (SD)) potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were higher in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis than those with normal BMD (PRAL: -13.1± 11.1mEq/day vs. -10.8± 12.7mEq/day; NEAP: 29.5± 8.5mEq/day vs. 31.2± 9.2mEq/day). The mean consumption of potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in the other group (p< .05). There were significant associations between osteoporosis with PRAL (odds ratio (OR)=1.030; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001 to 1.060, p= .027) and NEAP scores (OR=1.041; 95% CI: 1.003 to 1.081, p= .037). The odds of osteoporosis increased by 3% following one unit increase in PRAL score. Similarly, it increased by 4% with increasing NEAP score up to one unit. Therefore, dietary patterns that produce high DAL can have a detrimental effect on bone health.

S199 Excess Dietary Intake May Increase the Risk of Early Colon Cancer Pathogenesis

Introduction: Although non-modifiable factors such as age, sex, and race have been associated with increased risk of developing colon cancer, there are limited studies investigating modifiable factors. Some studies have shown fiber and calcium to be protective, while processed meats and alcohol to be risk factors. The data, however, remains controversial. The aims of this study are to 1) re-evaluate the epidemiology of colon cancer and 2) explore the nutritional status of those with early colon cancer diagnosis. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a survey designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children across the United States (US). Nutritional information was collected via a 24-hour diet recall, and those with reliable recall were included in the study. We combined demographic and nutritional datasets from NHANES during 2007-2016 and identified patients who self-reported a diagnosis of colon cancer. The sample size was appropriately weighted and stratified into 2 cohorts: age < 45 years vs age ≥ 45 years. SPSS was used for analysis. Results: There were 5,767,593 self-reported cases of colon cancer in the US from 2007-2016 with reliable nutritional recall. Demographic data stratified by cohort is outlined in Table along with caloric and dietary intake. The average age of colon cancer diagnosis was 56.5 ± 15.3 years of which 19.4% were diagnosed early (age < 45). Univariate analysis showed those with early diagnosis had higher calorie (p< 0.001), fiber (p< 0.001), calcium (p< 0.001), caffeine (p< 0.001), and alcohol consumption (p< 0.001) than those diagnosed over 45. After controlling for BMI, race, sex, education, and income using logistic regression, we found that patients with higher caloric intake (≥ 2000 kcal) were more likely to be diagnosed with early onset colon cancer (OR: 3.81, 95% CI: 3.79-3.82). Conclusion: There were on average 576,759 reported cases of colon cancer per year in the US of which approximately 1/5th were diagnosed before 45. Females, non-Hispanic whites, and higher education/income were associated with early colon cancer diagnosis possibly due to earlier screening. Contrary to other studies, higher fiber and calcium intake did not appear to be protective. However, those with early diagnosis did have higher alcohol intake. Our data suggests those with high caloric intake, a modifiable risk factor, increases the odds of developing early cancer by over threefold, perhaps due to chronic underlying inflammation. Table 1. - Demographic and Dietary Breakdown in Patients Diagnosed with Colon Cancer Colon Cancer Diagnosis ≥ 45 years Colon Cancer Diagnosis < 45 years Average P-value Sex Male (%) 83.8% 16.2% - P< 0.001 Female (%) 78.2% 21.8% - Race Non-Hispanic White (%) 78.3% 21.7% - P< 0.001 Non-Hispanic Black (%) 89.5% 10.5% - Hispanic (%) 95.9% 4.1% - Other (%) 100% 0% - Education Level Less than 9th Grade (%) 80.6% 19.4% - P< 0.001 9-12th Grade (%) 87.0% 13.0% - High School Graduate (%) 89.8% 10.2% - AA Degree or Some College (%) 79.1% 20.9% - College Graduate (%) 72.4% 27.6% - Ratio of Family Income to Poverty Level (FIP) FIP ≥ 1 (%) 78.3% 21.7% - P< 0.001 FIP < 1 (%) 88.2% 11.8% - BMI (kg/m2) 29.9 31.4 30.2 P< 0.001 BMI BMI ≥ 25 79.7% 20.3% - P< 0.001 BMI < 25 83.6% 16.4% Total Caloric Intake (kcal) 1679.1 ± 654.1 2177.6 ± 1092.3 1775.6 ± 784.0 P< 0.001 Total Caloric Intake Kcal ≥ 2000 68.4% 31.6% - P< 0.001 Kcal < 2000 86.3% 13.7% Total Sugar (gm) 94.2 ± 69.7 122.9 ± 150.8 99.8 ± 91.9 P< 0.001 Total Fat (gm) 62.5 ± 28.8 90.7 ± 64.9 68.0 ± 40.1 P< 0.001 Dietary Fiber (gm) 14.3 ± 8.0 16.7 ± 10.5 14.7 ± 8.6 P< 0.001 Calcium (mg) 825.1 ± 537.5 980.1 ± 560.8 855.1 ± 545.6 P< 0.001 Caffeine (mg) 193.0 ± 177.4 284.0 ± 262.3 210.6 ± 200.0 P< 0.001 Alcohol (gm) 4.7 ± 14.3 9.0 ± 35.9 5.5 ± 20.4 P< 0.001

Comparison of Mean Serum Calcium Levels in Pregnancy with and without Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Aim: To compare mean serum calcium levels in pregnancy, with and without pregnancy induced hypertension. Study design: A Cohort study was done. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Unit III, from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients with gestational age between 28 to 40 weeks, were included in the present study, 100 patients in group A (hypertension) and 100 in group B (normotensive). Results: The mean age of patients in group-A and group-B was 28.87 ± 4.32 years and 27.49±4.80 years respectively. The mean gestational age in group-A was 35.86±1.86 weeks and in group B was 35.90±1.36 weeks. The mean serum calcium level was 7.26±0.80mg in group A and 8.94±0.53mg in group B which is statistically significant (p &lt;0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that serum calcium levels in women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) are lower than in normal pregnant women. The calcium supplementation appears to reduce the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension. Therefore, calcium consumption in pregnancy should be encouraged, especially during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Keywords: Hypocalcemia, pregnancy induced hypertension, Normotensive patients.

Analysis of Food and Nutrient Consumption in Odisha: A Village-Level Study

The objectives of the present study were to analyze nutrient consumption in the village set up of Odisha and to investigate the determinants of consumption of protein, carbohydrates, calcium and iron. various nutrients like To substantiate the objectives descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used. The consumption of cereals and vegetables was more preferred in the study area, whereas the consumption of pulses was not so popular. Per capita income has a greater influence on nutrient consumption than the other determinants. The income elasticity of calorie intake was small but statistically significant for most income levels.

Nutrient patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Iranian Adul: A case-control study.

BackgroundsThe current literature boasts the importance of diet in preventing or managing liver complications. However, there is limited evidence on the association of nutrient patterns (NP) with these complications. In this case-control study, we aimed to examine the possible relationship between nutrient patterns and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) amongst the adult Iranian population.MethodsThis case-control study is being conducted at the Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The study included 225 newly diagnosed cases of NAFLD and 450 controls. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) assessed dietary intake. Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation obtained nutrient patterns. Logistic regression was performed to estimate NAFLD risk.ResultsWe identified four major nutrient patterns. The first nutrient pattern was high in consumption of lactose, animal protein, vitamin D, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium. The second nutrient pattern included fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, copper, and selenium, while the third featured plant protein, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, chromium, and selenium. The fourth was characterized by fructose, vitamin A, pyridoxine, vitamin C, and potassium. After adjusting for confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of NP4 had lower odds of NAFLD (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32–0.98, P_trend = 0.042); compared to those who were in the lowest tertile.ConclusionHigh compliance to a nutrient pattern characterized by fructose, vitamin C, vitamin A, pyridoxine, and potassium mainly supplied from fruits, vegetables, and nuts is inversely proportional to the odds of NAFLD. Also our findings indicate a very high fiber intake, a relatively optimal dietary fat profile, and a pretty low sugar intake for cases and controls, unseen in western countries. However, these initial findings need to be approved with further studies to confirm the relationship between nutrient patterns and NAFLD.

Grassland afforestation

The establishment of tree plantations on native grasslands is expanding in Argentina and Uruguay, prometed by public incentives and, likely, by an emerging market of carbon sequestration. We assessed how this transformation affects the production of ecosystem goods and services, synthesizing preexisting and original information on their influence on biomass production, water dynamics, and nutrient cycling. Field and satellite measurements show that, compared to grasslands, tree plantations in Uruguay, Entre Ríos, and Corrientes had higher primary productivity. This productivity increase was accompanied by higher evapotranspiration rates and a lower water yield, responsible of halving stream flow in afforested watersheds in Córdoba and Uruguay, in agreement with observations on 26 afforested grasslands around the world. In Buenos Aires, where phreatic water is close to the surface, trees used groundwater increasing the salinity of deep soil and the water table. Most of the tree plantations in the region acidified soils and in some cases stream water, mainly as a result of their high calcium consumption. It is urgent to generate information about other impacts of tree plantations such as changes in fire dynamics or invasive species. An integrative understanding of the influence of tree plantations on the production of goods and services will help to development new forestry systems and policies that are more sustainable and useful for society.

Magnesium Status and Ca/Mg Ratios in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases.

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential divalent cation involved in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main goal was to evaluate Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in 78 children and adolescents with chronic diseases. We assessed anthropometric, biochemical, diet, body composition, and bone densitometry valuations. Serum Mg and Ca levels were determined using the standardized method and diet calcium (Ca) and Mg consumption by a prospective 72 h diet survey. Mean serum Ca (9.9 mg/dL), Mg (2.08 mg/dL) dietary Ca (102% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake), and Mg intake (105% DRI) were normal. A total of 45% had hypomagnesemia, 12% had hypermagnesemia, and 26% and 24% had inadequate and high Mg intake, respectively. Only 6% of patients had poor Mg intake and hypomagnesemia, and 54% and 90% of our series had an elevated serum Ca/Mg ratio > 4.70 (mean 4.79) and a low Ca/Mg intake ratio < 1.70 (mean 1.06), respectively. Both Ca/Mg ratios were linked with the risk of developing other chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, syndrome metabolic, and even several cancers. Therefore, 79% of children and adolescents with chronic diseases were at elevated risk of having abnormal Mg status and developing other chronic illnesses.

Assessment of Sub Lethal Toxicity of Hydrocortisone (C21H30O5): Physiological and Hematological Biomarker Reactions on Anabas Testudineus

Application of wide range of pharmaceuticals is a serious threat to the environment causing a significant deterioration of aquatic faunal health as well as its survival status. The widespread detection of various types of drugs (antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, etc.) present in the aquatic ecosystem directly works on physiological parameters at different levels of aquatic organisms especially the bioindicators, fishes. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the exposure of sub lethal concentration of hydrocortisone on oxygen consumption, gill movement, haematological and percentage of bone calcium of the freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus . When compared to control, the exposed fishes exhibit significant alterations in their physiological activity. The rate of oxygen consumption is indirectly proportional to dosage concentration as well as exposure time. Both the rate of gill movement and oxygen consumption were decreased with increasing concentration of hydrocortisone. Under exposure, the marked decline was recorded in both RBCs and Hb count when compared to control (P &lt; .05). The percentage of bone calcium level was significantly decreased by the toxicity of hydrocortisone. The current study stipulates that the exposure of sub lethal concentration of hydrocortisone on Anabas testudineus alters the physiological and hematological parameters. From the results, it is noteworthy that the steroid drug, hydrocortisone even at low concentrations causes deteriorative impacts on the health conditions of aquatic organism. KEYWORDS : Hydrocortisone, oxygen consumption, gill movement, haematology, bone calcium, Anabas testudineus.

Pre-diagnostic dietary consumption of calcium and magnesium and calcium-to-magnesium intake ratio and ovarian cancer mortality: results from the ovarian cancer follow-up study (OOPS).

Previous studies have indicated that dietary consumption ofcalcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and the Ca-to-Mg (Ca:Mg) ratio were associated with different health outcomes. However, no study has evaluated the association of pre-diagnostic Ca, Mg, and Ca:Mg ratio consumption with ovarian cancer (OC) survival. The aforementioned associations were investigated in a cohort of 853 Chinese women diagnosed with OC between 2015 and 2020. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluatepre-diagnostic diet information. Deaths were recorded until March 31, 2021 via medical recordsand active follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 130 deaths were observed during a median follow-up of 37.2months. After adjustment for potential confounders, pre-diagnostic Ca (HR<600 vs. >1000 = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.47-4.46, p for trend = 0.69) and Mg (HR< 250 vs. >330 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.39-2.08, p for trend = 0.77) intakes were found to be unrelated to OC survival, whereas a higher Ca:Mgintake ratio was significantly associated with worse survival (HR< 1.7 vs. > 2.5 = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.28-5.78, p for trend < 0.05). A significant result was also observed when treating the Ca:Mg ratio as a continuous variable (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.12-2.55) for one-unit increment. Pre-diagnostic consumption of Ca and Mg was unrelated to OC survival, while a higher Ca:Mg intakeratio was strongly associated with worse survival among OC patients.

Nutrient Consumption among the Bangladeshi Children with Autism

Background: The prevalence of Autism in South Asia is 1 in 93 children, where, prevalence is much higher, 3% in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Consumption of daily required nutrient is essential for these children like normal ones but sometimes may be neglected. Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the macro and micronutrient consumption among the children with autism in Dhaka city and compared to the requirement.Material &amp; Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 100 subjects where male-female ratio was 3:2, were studied from urban autism centers Dhaka, Bangladesh. Anthropometric parameters height, weight, BMI and 24-hour dietary recall (individual 3days) were collected following predesigned questionnaire. Data was collected from face to face interview from both parents and center’s teacher as appropriate. Nutritive value of food was calculated using Food Composition Table for Bangladesh, 2014 using a food software. For statistical analysis, SPSS 20 was used.Results:The average age and BMI of subjects were 11 yrs and 21 kg/m2 respectively. The mean ±SDvalues (g/day) of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were 38±15, 47±12 and 116±38 respectively. The average intake of (mg/day) thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, niacin, and zinc was 0.68±0.32, 0.46±0.23, 33±24, 144±87, 137±55, 6.5±2, 11±4 and 5.2±2 respectively. About 94% children consumed only 33% of the required calcium. Nearly 42% children took 67% of the required magnesium. Similarly, half of the children failed to consume 33% thiamine and zinc of the requirement. Conclusions:Consumption of calcium, thiamine, folic acid, and zinc are seemed to be lower than their requirement.

The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplements on blood pressure in postmenopausal women: myth or reality?

Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease with serious cardiovascular and renal complications. Many studies have demonstrated a weak correlation between the consumption of calcium (or calcium plus vitamin D) and blood pressure, suggesting that calcium supplements might reduce blood pressure. However, the results to date remain controversial. In this study, we assessed the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the blood pressure of postmenopausal women with hypertension as a population group in which the use of calcium supplements is prevalent. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled 98 women of postmenopausal age with hypertension in 2019. The study period was 8 weeks with close follow-up. We used 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to record the initial and final blood pressure in all participants. The changes in both the mean systolic (p = 0.047) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.015) were suggestive of an increase in blood pressure after consuming calcium and vitamin D supplements. Among patients who had been using calcium channel blockers, calcium and vitamin D supplementation caused a notable increase compared to baseline systolic (p = 0.019) and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.001). The present results differ from those of previous studies. This suggests that calcium supplementation for postmenopausal women with hypertension requires the close observation of blood pressure to prevent any further increase, especially in women who are being treated with calcium channel blockers (clinicaltrial.gov registration: NCT04618952).

Konsumsi Kalsium Mencegah Kejadian Preeklamsia

Preeclampsia is a midwifery problem that has become one of the leading causes of death besides bleeding and infection. Calcium consumption is one program to meet pregnant women�s calcium needs and prevent preeclampsia during pregnancy. They determined the effect of calcium consumption on preeclampsia incidence in the Working Areas of Menteng Public Health Center and Kereng Bangkirai Public Health Center. This was analytical observational research with a prospective cohort design. The research sample was 88 pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The instrument for collecting the women�s basic data was an observational sheet. The number of tables consumed was a medication compliance card, and stress and anxiety levels were measured by DASS 42. Blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer, mercury, and dan protein in urine using a urine glucose protein test. The data analysis was performed descriptively using chi-square and logistic regression. Calcium consumption affected preeclampsia incidence with a P-value of 0.012 RR 0.025. Calcium consumption affects preeclampsia incidence.

Socio-Demographic and Obstetrical Factors Influencing Consumption of Iron and Calcium Supplement In A Rural Community

Background: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy has a proven potential to reduce adverse gestational outcomes, in particular by decreasing the risk of developing hypertensive disorders during gestation.&#x0D; Objective: to evaluate various factors influencing the consumption of iron folic acid and calcium tablets supplementation during pregnancy.&#x0D; Methodology: A community based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women in the rural field practice area of Jhalawar. Data were collected by house to house visit and analysed using chi-square test.&#x0D; Results: Only 55.5% pregnant women have taken IFA tablets while 23.5% women have taken tablets of calcium during their pregnancy. IFA consumption were significantly associated with level of education of women and their husband, socio-economic class, type of family, number of ANC visits and presence of husband during those visits and mass media exposure Calcium consumption were also associated with level of education of women, socio-economic class, number of ANC visits and presence of husband during those visits.&#x0D; Conclusions: Consumption of IFA tablets was higher than the national level however calcium consumption was low. Emphasis should be given on early registration, multiple ANC visits, role of family and husband in caring of mother during pregnancy to improve consumptions of IFA and Calcium supplements.

Deficiency of Daily Calcium and Vitamin D in Primary School Children in Lviv, Ukraine.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiency in school children aged 6 to 11 years in Lviv (Ukraine). The aim of this study was also to assess the effect of nutritional intervention and supplementation on serum calcium and vitamin D levels in children diagnosed with calcium deficiency. A 3 day diet was analyzed in 172 children. In 56 children with a deficiency of calcium and/or vitamin D, the level of total calcium, ionized calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood, as well as the calcium content in hair samples, was determined. Thirty children with confirmed calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency underwent a dietary intervention to increase calcium and vitamin D intake for 3 months. The study group (n = 15) was provided with a nutritional correction by modifying their diet with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. The control group (n = 15) received only a diet modification. Decreased daily calcium intake was observed in 50.68% of boys and 70.71% of girls. A decreased level of daily vitamin D consumption was found in 84.93% of boys and 96.97% of girls. Among 56 children with insufficient daily consumption of calcium and/or vitamin D, 26.8% had reduced levels of total calcium in the blood, 16.1% had reduced levels of ionized calcium in the blood, and 48.2% had reduced levels of vitamin D. After 3 months of correction, normal calcium level was found in the hair of 10 students (66.7%) from the study group and in three subjects (20.0%) from the control group. Modification of the diet along with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D seems to be a more effective method for increasing the level of calcium among children aged 6 to 11 years.

Decomposition of Socioeconomic Changes in the Consumption of Micronutrients in Pakistan between 2006 and 2016

ABSTRACT This study is conducted to decompose inequality in four important micronutrient intakes, i.e. calcium, iodine, iron, and zinc due to socioeconomic factors during 2006–2016. For this purpose, data were taken from national-level surveys, i.e. HIES-2006 and HIICS-2016. We applied a recently proposed decomposition method based on copula function to decompose between year changes in the consumption of micronutrients into structure and composition effect. The results show that average calcium and iron intakes increased by 518.54 (mg) and 0.962 (mg), respectively, while average iodine and zinc intakes decreased by 2.009 (mg) and 3.411 (mg), respectively, during the decade. Estimates of structure effect show that calcium, iodine, and iron consumption increased on average, i.e. 525.316 (mg), 14.615 (mg), and 2.15 (mg), respectively, while zinc intake decreased by 2.735 (mg). The composition effect is negative for all the four micronutrients, implying that consumption of calcium, iodine, iron, and zinc decreased as 6.7766 (mg), 16.624 (mg), 1.189 (mg), and 0.677 (mg), respectively. The main factors of this change are household income, urbanization, provinces, and household size. The policymakers need to know the importance of socioeconomic factors to improve hidden hunger in terms of micronutrient intakes.