Abstract
BackgroundSleep bruxism may result in deleterious effects including loss of tooth enamel,fracture of teeth or restorations, teeth hypersensitivity or pain, and headache. The aim was to study the link between sleep bruxism, low serum vitamin D, low consumption of dietary calcium, psychological symptoms, and frequent headache.MethodsThis case-controlled study included 50 individuals with sleep bruxism and 50 age and gender matched controls. 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured in serum. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure anxiety and depression. Data about dietary calcium and frequent headache were self-reported.ResultsParticipants with sleep bruxism had lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D and higher scores of anxiety and depression compared to controls (p < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency, abnormal scores of anxiety and depression, low calcium consumption (< 323 mg/day), and frequent headache were reported in higher % of individuals with sleep bruxism compared to controls (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that sleep bruxism was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR = 6.66, p = 0.02), low consumption of dietary calcium (OR = 5.94, p = 0.01), and frequent headache (OR = 9.24, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that anxiety was significantly associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p = 0.03), increased scores of depression (p < 0.001) and female sex (p = 0.01). Binary logistic regression also showed that frequent headache was significantly associated with sleep bruxism (OR = 5.51, p < 0.01).ConclusionsSleep bruxism was associated with vitamin D deficiency and low consumption of calcium and was also associated with increased scores of anxiety and depression. Further investigations should be performed to check if vitamin D and calcium supplementation could relieve sleep bruxism.
Highlights
Sleep bruxism may result in deleterious effects including loss of tooth enamel,fracture of teeth or restorations, teeth hypersensitivity or pain, and headache
We hypothesized that vitamin D levels and intake of dietary calcium are significantly lower in adults with sleep bruxism compared to controls and both vitamin D deficiency and decreased dietary calcium consumption are significantly associated with anxiety and depression, sleep bruxism, and self-reported headache, which is a complication of sleep bruxism
Participants with sleep bruxism were complaining of headache and having lower levels of daily dietary calcium intake much more than controls. These findings suggest that anxiety, depression, vitamin D deficiency, low level of dietary calcium intake, and frequent headache could be involved in the development of sleep bruxism
Summary
Sleep bruxism may result in deleterious effects including loss of tooth enamel,fracture of teeth or restorations, teeth hypersensitivity or pain, and headache. The aim was to study the link between sleep bruxism, low serum vitamin D, low consumption of dietary calcium, psychological symptoms, and frequent headache. Bruxism is an involuntary frequent jaw muscle movements accompanied by teeth grinding or clenching, which may happen during sleep or while awake [1, 2]. Bruxism is not a life-threatening condition, but it has adverse effects that may influence the quality of sleep and life [10]. Sleep bruxism may be accompanied by headache as a common symptom that affects the quality of life [12]
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