Consumption In India Research Articles

A Qualitative Study to Explore the Role of Health Workers in Reducing Smokeless Tobacco Consumption in India

India is one of the largest smokeless tobacco consumers globally, leading to devastating health consequences. However, smokeless tobacco still remains poorly understood. Health workers have an essential role in curbing this rise in consumption by offering smokeless tobacco prevention advice. A better understanding of health workers knowledge and practice at offering preventative advice will help strengthen tobacco policies. This study aims to explorethe role of HWs offering SLT prevention advice by identifying facilitators for and barriers against implementation of this opportunistic strategy. Health workers were recruited through purposive sampling and sixteen participants took part in semi-structured online interviews. Data was transcribed verbatim and analysed through thematic analysis. Health workers stated that training was the greatest facilitator but also greatest barrier to providing smokeless tobacco prevention advice. They also thought that training during university was inadequate and external training sources were more beneficial to providing prevention advice. Smokeless tobacco training of a high standard is a major facilitator and needs providing during university and post-gradation. Smokeless tobacco needs prioritisation over smoking tobacco policies in India and stakeholders need to come together to tackle this multi-factorial problem.

Effect of farm machinery adoption on household income and food security: evidence from a nationwide household survey in India

An increase in farm productivity and income is crucially linked to farm mechanization. Labour shortage in rural areas and frequent extreme weather events have made a resounding pitch for the deepening of farm mechanization in India. Our study examines the effect of agricultural machinery adoption on net agricultural income, household income, and household consumption in India; the latter is considered as an indicator of food security. A nationwide household survey of 10253 households drawn from the majority of states of India has been used. To assess the impact of machinery adoption on the outcome variables, the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is used. Of the three types of machineries investigated, such as tractors, electric pumps, and diesel pumps, the average adoption rates are found to be low in the country, i.e., 8% for tractors, 24% for electric pumps, and 14% for diesel pumps. The wide heterogeneity in terms of adoption is mostly rooted in the large geographical differences among the states of India, as machinery adoption is concentrated in the north and north-central plains of the country. The first stage of ESR, which is a probit model, reveals the determinants of mechanization as access to credit, climatic shocks, access to irrigation, and farmer cooperative membership. The average treatment effect estimates from the second stage outcome regression reveal that the adoption of machineries has increased net agricultural income by 31%, household income by 19%, and food consumption by 5%. Given these demonstrable positive effects of mechanization in agriculture, there is a need for deepening of low-cost scale appropriate farm machines suitable for small holders. Government support would play a pivotal role in this direction by making farm credits accessible to smallholders, providing timely subsidies on machinery purchase, and providing required extension services.

Alcohol Consumption during the Covid-19 Pandemic in India

The study examines the impact of Covid-19-induced economic stressors (such as incomes and job losses) on household alcohol consumption in India. Our analysis, based on eight waves of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy–Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CMIE-CPHS) for the period January 2019–August 2021, confirms an increased consumption of alcohol during the pandemic despite supply restrictions imposed by the state. A spurt was witnessed across socioeconomic groups with varying intensities. This confirms the self-medication hypothesis and stress-response-dampening theory that households responded to the pandemic-related economic and psychological shocks by increasing the consumption of alcohol and is more significant for the poor and the marginalised. JEL Codes: D12, C23

Enhancing the Productivity and Quality of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) with Potassium Fertilization

Background: Pulses are commonly known as food legumes, next to cereals in production and consumption in India. India is the leading producer of pulses in the world. In spite of being a leading producer, India is still importing pulses to meet consumer demand, due to low productivity of pulses due to various reasons. Hence, there is a need to improve the productivity in pulses. Potassium application in pulse crops have been paid less attention, among different nutrients. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with factorial concept (FRBD) during Rabi, 2021-22 to enhance the productivity and quality of blackgram with potassium fertilization. Result: The present study revealed that among different potassium levels, soil application of 40 kg K2O ha-1 improved the growth parameters, yield attributes, seed and haulm yields and economic returns of blackgram, which was statistically at par with soil application of 30 kg K2O ha-1. With regard to different foliar sprays tried, foliar application of 1% KH2PO4 at flowering and pod development stages recorded higher growth parameters, yield attributes, seed and haulm yields, protein content and economic returns of blackgram, which was statistically on par with foliar application of 1% KCl or 0.5% KNO3 at flowering and pod development stages. The interaction effect between soil application of potassium and foliar fertilization of potassium could not exert any significant influence on any of the parameters studied in the present investigation.

First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Stem Canker of Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) in India.

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is a tropical perennial plant (Family Cactaceae) that is popular for consumption in India. Originated from Central and South America and currently became popular in India. Hylocereus undatus and H. polyrhizus are the most commonly cultivated species in India. During August to December, 2021, stem cankers were observed in commercial orchards within the Satara, Pune and Solapur districts of Maharashtra. The disease incidence across four orchards was approx. 40% and severity ranged between 30 and 80%. Initial symptoms on infected cladodes were minute, circular, depressed chlorotic spots often with a brick red flecks followed by elevation of the centre of the lesion. Later the lesions turned necrotic and contained black, erumpent pycnidia, followed by chlorosis and stem rot. Twelve diseased cladodes from different orchards were collected and isolations were conducted. Edges of the lesions (5 to10 mm2) were excised and surface sterilized by exposure to 1% sodium hypochlorite (2 min) followed by triple rinsing with sterilized distilled water. Excess moisture was removed with sterilized blotter paper and pieces were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin sulphate (30 mg/L) for 3 days at 27 ± 2°C with a 12 h photoperiod. All twelve isolation attempts yielded uniform fungal colonies and out of these, purified colonies from each location viz., SLNeo, LNeo, MGNeo and KNeo were selected for etiology study. On PDA, initially white mycelial colonies turned to olive green to grayish with dark gray to black pigmentation. Colony growth was rapid (30 mm/day). Brown, branched septate hyphae fragmented to produce abundant arthroconidia in chains that were hyaline to dark brown, thick walled, 0 to 1 septate, ellipsoid to ovoid (10.1 ± 1.4 × 4.88 ± 1.1 μm), rod (9.0 ± 0.8 μm × 5.3 ± 0.8 μm), round (7.9 ± 1.6 μm) and capsule (14.2 ± 3.1 × 6.1 ± 0.8 μm) shape. Conidia from pycnidia developed on host tissues were aseptate, hyaline and ellipsoid-cylindrical (8.2 ± 0.8 × 2.2 ± 0.3 μm) in shape. Based on morphological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers (Crous et al. 2006). Molecular characterization was done by amplifying the partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and translation elongation factor 1-α and β-tubulin genes of four isolates using ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF1-986R and BT2A/BT2B primers (White et al. 1990, Glass and Donaldson 1995, Carbone and Kohn 1999). Sequences were deposited in GenBank accesions (ITS: OM884028, OM884029, OM884030, OM899800; TUB2: OM927962, OM927963, ON099066; TEF1-α: OM927965, OM927966, OM927964, OM984744) showed 99 to 100% identity with the epitype CBS 499.66 accession numbers KF531820 for ITS and KF531798 for TEF1-α and KF531800 for TUB2. N. dimidiatum isolate designated as SLNeo has been deposited at Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC), Chandigarh, India with MTCC 13250. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood (ML) revealed these isolates were clustered with N. dimidiatum clade. To evaluate pathogenicity, stems of one year old dragon fruit plants were wounded with a sterilized needle and inoculated with 7 mm fresh mycelial discs. For each isolate three replications were kept. Non-inoculated controls were plants receiving only non-colonized PDA discs. Inoculated and control plants were kept separately at ambient temperature (35 ± 2°C during day and 22 ± 2°C at night). Symptom started to develop at 2 days after inoculation (DAI) and canker lesions with chlorotic halos and rotting were observed at 15 DAI. No symptoms were observed on the negative control. Pathogenicity testing was repeated twice and the pathogen was re-isolated from symptomatic tissues with 100% re-isolation frequency and found identical with N. dimidiatum. N. dimidiatum has been reported on H. undatus and H. polyrhizus in subtropical and tropical countries worldwide (Chuang et al. 2012; Ezra et al. 2013; Lan et al. 2012; Sanahuja et al. 2016; Serrato-Diaz and Goenaga 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of dragon fruit stem canker caused by N. dimidiatum from India. Since the disease poses a major threat to dragon fruit plantations, additional epidemiological studies may assist in developing management strategies.

Use of a regression model and a statistical process control method to assess AWaRe classification-based antimicrobial consumption in an Indian tertiary care hospital over 5 years

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends quality-based “AWaRe classification of antibiotics” for the monitoring of antimicrobial consumption. It classifies commonly used antimicrobials into five main categories: Access, Watch, Reserve, Not-recommended (NR), and Others. At least 60% of total consumption should be from the Access category and <10% should be from the Reserve category to minimize the further development of resistance. However, we do not know how these recommendations compare with current trends in antimicrobial consumption in India. Hence, a study was planned to statistically evaluate the AWaRe classification-based trend of antimicrobial consumption over 5 years. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to retrieve the antimicrobial consumption data of SMS Hospital, Jaipur, from January 2017 to December 2021 as per AWaRe classification. Regression and statistical process control analysis was carried out separately for all five categories of antimicrobials on MATLAB 2016a (9.0.0.341360). Results: Regression analysis revealed that the consumption of Access, NR, and Others significantly decreased while that of Watch and Reserve increased between 2017 and 2021. Statistical process control analysis showed that the use of Access, Watch, and Others was within prescribed statistical limits but that of Reserve and NR was higher than statistical thresholds at times. Conclusion: The increased consumption of Watch and Reserve antimicrobials combined with surpassing of upper control limit by Reserve and NR antimicrobials at certain times raises concern. Hence, there is an acute need to take measures to generate awareness about the incorporation of the WHO recommendations in practice to support the antimicrobial stewardship program. The core competencies addressed in this article are: Medical knowledge, Systems-based practice, Practice-based learning and improvement, Professionalism.

Scope of waste plastic to reuse in India – A review

Plastic consumption in India is increasing in fields of automotive, electronics, textiles, consumer durables and medicine where it is used for the creating the light weight, insulation, packaging, aesthetic, beverages and safety purposes. Because of the capacity to construct desired shapes, colours, and specifications that are easy for clients, packaging, agriculture, vehicles, and biomedical applications are all gaining in popularity. Intelligent and smart packaging technologies have grown increasingly important as a result of advances in information technology. According to Plastic India Foundation plastic agencies, the compound annual growth rate in 2020 will be 22 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) in India. This is also contributed by many governments’ initiatives such as Made in India, Make in India and Skill India, but Government of India has trying to restrict the plastic usage by 22 kg per captia in comings years. Even though there are a lot of initiatives by the Government of India, there is increase in the plastic usage because there is no involvement of the organized sector. This article reviews the scope in the reuse of plastic in India.

CLIMATE SENSITIVITY OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND PEAK DEMAND IN INDIA: CASE OF HETEROGENEOUS CLIMATE ZONES

Electricity demand is determined largely by regional climate conditions and seasonal characteristics, apart from a myriad of socio-economic and demographic factors. This paper investigates the climate sensitivity of electricity consumption and peak demand in six energy-intensive Indian states across heterogeneous climate zones using a non-parametric approach known as multivariate adaptive regression splines. The results show the highest temperature sensitivity of cooling electricity consumption in Punjab (8.2%), followed by Rajasthan (3.5%), Madhya Pradesh (3.1%), Tamil Nadu (2.3%), and Uttar Pradesh (1.2%). Among other climate variables, relative humidity has a non-linear impact on electricity consumption in the majority of states. The minimum temperature rise has a stronger influence on peak electricity demand than the maximum temperature in three states. Given that air-conditioning penetration is expected to increase in the future, this state-level analysis will help in developing accurate forecasts for electricity demand and formulating climate adaptation strategies for India.

Biopesticide Consumption in India: Insights into the Current Trends

Biopesticides are formulations derived from naturally occurring compounds that manage pests through non-toxic and environmentally favorable means. Being living organisms (natural enemies) or products, biopesticides represent less of a risk to the environment and to human health. Biopesticides, classified into three broad classes, are increasingly used in pest control, and include semiochemicals, plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs), and compounds derived from plants and microorganisms. Because of their advantages for the environment, target-specificity, efficacy, biodegradability, and applicability in integrated pest management (IPM) programs, biopesticides are gaining interest. Although biopesticides have seen significant advances in market penetration, they still make up a relatively small fraction of pest management solutions. Over 3000 tons are produced globally per annum, and this number is rising rapidly. In India, biopesticides account for just 4.2% of the country’s total pesticide market. Although the government has promoted the use of biopesticides by including them in several agricultural programs, biopesticides face numerous difficulties at a local level, but are predicted to expand at an astonishing 10% yearly pace. Under the Insecticides Act 1968, the Ministry of Agriculture in India controls the use of pesticides. Among the major biopesticides produced and used in India are Trichoderma, Bacillus thuringiensis, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, and neem-based pesticides.

Statistical Modeling for Forecasting Fertilizer Consumption in India

Fertilizers have contributed significantly to increased agricultural yields, particularly for cereal crops and they will still be an important part of the science-based farming that is needed to feed the world's growing population. Fertilizers replenish the soil nutrients lost by the harvested crops, promote the use of high-yielding cultivars and boost biomass in tropical soils that are deficient in nutrients. In this study, data on fertilizer consumption in India was gathered from Agricultural Statistics at a Glance from 1950-51 to 2020-21 and utilized to fit the ARIMA model and forecast future usage. Forecasting has been done using the Box-Jenkins ARIMA approach. The ARIMA model is the most popular and widely applied forecasting model for time series data. The data was calculated using autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. R programming software was used to estimate model parameters. The performance of the fitted model was evaluated using various goodness of fit criteria, such as AIC, BIC and MAPE. Empirical results revealed that the ARIMA (1,2,1) model was best suited to forecasting India's future total fertilizer use. Similarly, the ARIMA model was fitted for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium consumption in India independently. Forecasts from 2021-22 to 2030-31 are calculated using the chosen model. By 2030-31, total fertilizer use is predicted to reach 32,058.55 thousand tonnes. Policymakers should preferably base their judgments on reliable forecasts in order to tighten policies and achieve outcomes. Predicting future events using an appropriate time series model will assist policymakers, marketing strategies in making decisions related to export/ import and developing appropriate fertilizer consumption strategies.

Towards sustainable development: The impact of transport infrastructure expenditure on the ecological footprint in India

The underlying objective of the study is to examine the role of transport infrastructure expenditure incurred by the public sector on ecological footprint while controlling the factors like urbanization, mobile use, electricity consumption, and economic growth in India. In order to implicate the relationship among the variables selected for the period spanning from 1990 to 2018, this study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration for inculcating the short-run and long-run relationships of the formulated ecological footprint function. The evolved outcome validated the long-run relationship between the study variables. Further, the result indicates that transport expenditure and economic growth can reduce the ecological footprint, while urbanization, mobile use, and electricity consumption increase it both in the short and long run. In light of these outcomes, policy implications are recommended to expand the transport infrastructure expenditure and sustainable economic growth. Similarly, it urges the need for sustainable urbanization, eco-friendly mobile use, and renewable source-based electricity consumption in India.

How economic globalization affects the ecological footprint in India? A novel dynamic ARDL simulations

PurposeThis study scrutinizes the impact of economic globalization on ecological footprint while endogenizing economic growth and energy consumption during 1990–2018 in India.Design/methodology/approachFor time series analysis, the standard unit root test has been employed to unveil the integration order. Then, the cointegration was confirmed using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis. Further, the study executed the dynamic ARDL simulation model to estimate long-run and short-run results along with simulation and robotic prediction.FindingsThe cointegration analysis confirms the existence of a long-run association among variables. Further, economic globalization reduces the ecological footprint in the long-run. Similarly, energy consumption decreases the ecological footprint. In contrast, economic growth spurs the ecological footprint in India.Originality/valueThe present study makes valuable and original contributions to the literature by applying a multivariate ecological footprint function, assessing the impact of economic globalization on ecological footprint while considering economic growth and energy consumption in India.

Counselling to enhance resilience among alcohol dependence – pilot analysis

India’s reputation as a country with strong abstinence culture, particularly when it comes to alcohol, is under appreciated. In recent years, the country has experienced a tremendous development of metropolitan pubs and nightclubs, and it is quickly losing its inhibitions about drinking as a lifestyle choice. This circumstance has sparked fears of an unreported surge in alcohol misuse, not only among the poorer classes, but even among hitherto dry portions of society. Drink-related disorders have already emerged as a serious public health concern in India due to increased production, distribution, and promotion of alcohol, and there has been a rapid change in patterns of alcohol consumption in India. Counseling focuses on helping people stop drinking alcohol and is followed up with life skills and social support to assist them avoid relapsing. The chance of developing an alcohol consumption disorder was considerably lowered when people were resilient. The link between resilience and alcohol use disorder was shown to be mostly due to shared genetic and environmental variables. Counseling assists persons who are addicted in setting short-term goals that are attainable and empowering, as well as long-term goals that may include repairing damaged relationships, accepting responsibility for acts, and letting go of guilt.

PRESCRIPTION PATTERN, COST, AND APPROPRIATENESS OF ANTIMICROBIAL USE BY RURAL PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS - A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Objectives: Antimicrobial consumption in India is continuously increasing, and so are the chances of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This present study intends to identify and assess the appropriateness of antimicrobials prescribed by rural private practitioners and the average cost of antimicrobials per prescription. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Jaulan (Orai). The study included all the prescriptions coming to the chemist shops in the rural town area, having one or more antimicrobials written by private practitioners and assessed for prescription pattern, appropriateness, and cost. Results: Most antimicrobials were prescribed for gastrointestinal infection (33.50%), followed by fever (27.70%). Only in 12.60% of prescriptions, the utilization of antimicrobials in treatment was established (Category I), and in 56.20% of prescriptions rationale for the utilization of antimicrobials was not established (Category IV and V). Conclusions: In the study, we found that the maximum antimicrobials prescribed in private settings were by doctors having only MBBS degrees, and more than half of the prescriptions were Inappropriate. More efforts are required to train our medical graduates in antimicrobial stewardship and Antibiotic Stewardship, Prevention of Infection and Control programs and nursing staff to make these programs successful at the ground level.

Mining legume germplasm for genetic gains: An Indian perspective.

Legumes play a significant role in food and nutritional security and contribute to environmental sustainability. Although legumes are highly beneficial crops, it has not yet been possible to enhance their yield and production to a satisfactory level. Amid a rising population and low yield levels, per capita average legume consumption in India has fallen by 71% over the last 50years, and this has led to protein-related malnutrition in a large segment of the Indian population, especially women and children. Several factors have hindered attempts to achieve yield enhancement in grain legumes, including biotic and abiotic pressures, a lack of good ideotypes, less amenability to mechanization, poorer responsiveness to fertilizer input, and a poor genetic base. Therefore, there is a need to mine the approximately 0.4 million ex situ collections of legumes that are being conserved in gene banks globally for identification of ideal donors for various traits. The Indian National Gene Bank conserves over 63,000 accessions of legumes belonging to 61 species. Recent initiatives have been undertaken in consortia mode with the aim of unlocking the genetic potential of ex situ collections and conducting large-scale germplasm characterization and evaluation analyses. We assume that large-scale phenotyping integrated with omics-based science will aid the identification of target traits and their use to enhance genetic gains. Additionally, in cases where the genetic base of major legumes is narrow, wild relatives have been evaluated, and these are being exploited through pre-breeding. Thus far, >200 accessions of various legumes have been registered as unique donors for various traits of interest.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on household consumption pattern of dairy products in India

Income loss, fear of infection and movement restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic not only altered the amount and pattern of spending but also changed the shopping behaviour of the consumers. In the case of food commodities, dairy products seem to be more susceptible to such changes owing to their perishability and comparatively higher income elasticity. However, there were also some speculations that household dairy consumption in India might have increased during lockdown due to greater number of meals at home and immunity boosting qualities of milk. Any change in dairy consumption in India has a direct bearing on household nutritional security. The present study attempts to capture the impact ofCOVID-19 pandemic on household consumption pattern of dairy products across geographical regions and income class on thebasis of a pan-India survey covering around 1000 households. Data was analysed using tabular analysis, frequency analysis and paired t-test. The results revealed that there was a significant decline in the household consumption of milk, paneer, butter and ice-cream during lockdown whereas no significant change was observed in the consumption of ghee, curd and buttermilk. The fall in consumption was comparatively higher in the milk deficit eastern zone and among the lowest income quintile which indicates that external support is required by the marginalized section during such crisis for ensuring the nutritional security. Moreover, a shift was also observed towards packaged products and online delivery services which can be further boosted forstrengthening organized dairy sector.

Impact of Deficit Financing and Trade Openness on Private Consumption in India

The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis claims that private consumption is neutral to the fiscal deficit and its mode of financing (debt vs tax). The study reinvestigates the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis in India by taking private consumption as the dependent variable, whereas government expenditure, government debt, tax, domestic income, and trade are considered as independent variables. In the Indian context, the Ricardian view raises an interesting point. If the Ricardian equivalence holds in the Indian economy, households alter their spending patterns and consequently increase their savings, making the policy changes ineffective. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach was applied to the annual time series data from 1988 to 2021. The estimates confirm a significant long-run and short-run relationship between the variables; the results reject the Ricardian Equivalence and propound the Keynesian approach that the mode of financing the fiscal deficit (debt vs tax) does matter to the private consumption expenditure. The estimates also assert the long-run relation between trade openness and private consumption spending. The positive and significant coefficient shows that an open economy leads to an increase in consumption, which indirectly supports the Compensation Hypothesis. Given that deficit financing and trade openness have a substantial influence on India’s consumer spending, it can be concluded that expansionary fiscal and liberal trade policies should be carefully devised and supported. This study contributes to the existing literature on the Ricardian equivalence and trade openness by presenting new evidence on designing sustainable fiscal policy by spending wisely without imperilling the country’s consumption expenditure and global presence.

Trend of Tobacco Consumption in India

Tobacco control is an integral part of the development agenda, contributing not only to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (target 3.a calls for strengthening implementation of the WHO FCTC in all countries) but also to the achievement of other targets, directly or indirectly impacted by tobacco growth and use. As per NFHS-5, around 38% of men and 8.9% of women consume any kind of tobacco in India. Among these, tobacco consumption in rural area is more than urban area for both men and women. In India, trend of use of Tobacco shows slightly declining among men from 57% (NFHS-3) to 44.5% (NFHS-4) to 38% (NFHS5). In Gujarat also trend of use of tobacco shows declining trend. As per GATS 2 (2016-17), 28.6% of adults in India and 25.1% of adults in Gujarat are consuming any of the tobacco product. Around 10.7% of adults in India and 7.7% of adults in Gujarat are smokers. These prevalence is in decreasing trend. In India, Khaini (11.2%) is the most preferred product for in chewing tobacco. Whereas in Gujarat, Gutka (12.8%) is the most preferred product. As per GYTS, Current tobacco users among youth is decreased from 14.6% in the year 2009 to 8.5% in the year 2019. Current tobacco smokers among youth is also declined from 8.1% to 7.3% during the period of 10 years. Though all standardised survey shows decreasing trend in the tobacco consumption, it is still at higher level that affects the community. Policy makers should channelize their efforts to use innovative ways for IEC and for controlling addiction.

A Study on the Impact of Inflation on Household Consumption in India

A Study on the Impact of Inflation on Household Consumption in India

Recent Advancements in Augmentation of Solar Water Heaters Using Nanocomposites with PCM: Past, Present, and Future

Energy consumption in India is massive, and even the quantity used for household tasks is substantial. The majority of the requirement is satisfied by using fossil fuels, which are the traditional methods. Heating water is the most frequent home application. Accordingly, this article examines studies from the previous ten years. The information in this article demonstrates that using renewable energy is the greatest way to cut back on both the use of fossil fuels and carbon emissions while heating water for residential use. Solar, hydroelectric, wind, and biofuels are the most significant renewable sources for improving building efficiency that can be used for an extended period of time. The solar water heater is a common example of how solar energy is being used in homes more frequently. In order to identify key issues and solutions related to employing solar water heaters as an effective water heating application in both commercial and residential buildings, this article compiles research data from earlier studies (2012–2022). The literature survey was carried out using Scopus, a specialized database. Sixty-six dedicated research publications having search keywords plus recently published articles that matched the inclusion criteria were chosen for this review study. The study’s findings show that there is a greater inclination of researchers towards research and development in the field of domestic solar water heaters. The research publications that are being presented are all from the past 10 years (2012–2022) and stress the use of solar energy in increasing building efficiency. The study highlights how flat plate solar collectors with distilled water as the heat transfer fluid and a phase-changing substance as the thermal energy storage could potentially be enhanced. The thermal conductivity of paraffin wax and distilled water was improved by 75% of the researchers by using 0.05 to 0.5% concentrations of Al and Cu oxide nanoparticles, making it useful in solar water heaters. A total of 78% of researchers are interested in domestic water heating applications since they use a lot of energy in both urban and rural settings.