Consumption In India Research Articles

Non-Smoke Tobacco Consumption in India: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

This study evaluates the economic and social impacts of non-smoke tobacco consumption in India and compares them with the tax revenue generated by the government from this industry. Non-smoke tobacco products, such as chewing tobacco and pan masala, are associated with various health and environmental problems, such as oral cancer and littering. The study uses the concept of externalities to analyse the costs and benefits of non-smoke tobacco consumption for the society and the government. Based on available data and assumptions, the study estimates the expenditure on oral cancer treatment and cleanliness, and the revenue from direct and indirect taxes on non-smoke tobacco products. The study finds that the government collects more revenue than it spends on mitigating the negative externalities of non-smoke tobacco consumption, but the social costs are still significant. The study suggests that the government should implement more effective tobacco taxation and control policies to reduce the consumption and harm of non-smoke tobacco products.

Analyzing barriers for organic food consumption in India: a DEMATEL-based approach

Analyzing barriers for organic food consumption in India: a DEMATEL-based approach

Prevalence and long-term change in alcohol consumption: results from a population-based cohort in Southern India

BackgroundAlcohol consumption in India is below the global average, with limited data on long-term effects. The current study aims to examine changes over time among alcohol consumers, the pattern of drinking and help-seeking for alcohol problems among South Indian men.MethodData on the intake of various alcohol types were collected through standard questionnaires in two adult follow-ups [Baseline: 1998–2002, Follow-up: 2016–2019] from male participants in the Vellore birth cohort (VBC). Alcohol intake was converted to weekly standard drink units for analysis. Data on drinking patterns using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and information on help-seeking among problem drinkers were collected during follow-up. Socio-demographic associations with alcohol consumption were determined using logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of alcohol consumption was 54.5% and 47.7% at the baseline and follow-up, respectively. Over two decades, 12% of men reported to have newly started drinking and 18% quit drinking. Lower education and lower socio-economic status (SES) were the strongest predictors of alcohol consumption. The AUDIT assessment among drinkers reported hazardous drinking of 38.4%, harmful drinking of 4.7% and 3.7% probable alcohol dependence. Among the persons with high AUDIT scores, 25% were concerned about high consumption, and 9% sought help to stop their alcohol consumption.ConclusionOur results showed a decline in alcohol consumption in this cohort over two decades. Among drinkers, a high proportion report hazardous and harmful consumption. Low levels of education and SES are significant predictors of alcohol consumption. A low proportion of help-seeking reflects alcohol-related stigma in the community.

Economy-wide impact of a reduction in tobacco use in India

BackgroundPublic policy measures aimed at regulating tobacco use should consider the net gains for the nation, as the tobacco sector contributes to employment and tax revenue while also imposing substantial...

What are the drivers of millet-based food consumption in India? A Theory of Consumption Values (TCV) perspective

Limited research explores consumer motivations for millet-based food purchases despite their rising popularity in India. Existing studies prioritize the nutritional and sustainable aspects of millets, neglecting a customer-centric perspective. This study addresses this gap by examining drivers of purchase intentions for millet-based foods. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted open-ended essays with consumers followed by a survey (n = 385) analyzed using structural equation modeling. We applied the Theory of Consumption Values (TCV) to understand these motivations. This research contributes a theory-driven framework for understanding millet consumption and offers practical implications for marketers by informing targeted campaigns and product development strategies.

Macroeconomic determinants of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption in India: The roles of international trade, innovative technologies, financial globalization, carbon emissions, financial development, and urbanization

Against scenarios of rising fossil fuel dependence and slow renewable energy adoption rates, this study appraises macroeconomic factors affecting non-renewable and renewable energy consumption in India. Additionally, this study makes a novel attempt to evaluate the determinants of divide between India's non-renewable and renewable energy consumption levels. Overall, the findings are three-fold. Firstly, it is found that in the short-run India's non-renewable energy consumption levels are positively and negatively determined by technological innovation and financial globalization, respectively. Besides, in the long-run, non-renewable energy consumption is positively influenced by international trade, financial globalization, carbon emission, and financial development; conversely, technological innovation reduces non-renewable energy consumption. Secondly, India's renewable energy consumption levels, in the short-run, are positively determined by international trade and technological innovation, while financial development impedes renewable energy consumption. Moreover, in the long-run, renewable energy consumption is positively and negatively impacted by technological innovation and financial globalization, respectively. Thirdly, the results confirm that financial globalization in the short-run and technological innovation in the long-run reduce the divide between India's non-renewable and renewable energy consumption levels. Contrarily, in the long-run, carbon emissions, international trade, financial globalization, and financial development widen this divide. Accordingly, policy suggestions are provided for the Indian government.

A fuzzy approach to determining antecedents to green cosmetic consumption in India

PurposeHeightened public concerns for the global environment due to human overexploitation have given rise to many green product initiatives by businesses. Green cosmetics (GC) are products developed and marketed based on ecological sustainability and have shown increasing consumer appeal worldwide. The current research investigates the antecedents of green cosmetics consumption among Indian GC users, hitherto un-investigated comprehensively.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a cross-sectional pairwise comparison of green evaluation criteria for cosmetics using an expert panel of thirty Indian cosmetic users using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and investigate the impact of a comprehensive list of antecedents on the multi-criteria category consumption decision.FindingsThe study results indicate that perceived consumer effectiveness is the most critical factor for green cosmetics consumption in India, followed by brand trust, behavioural control, and environmental effectiveness. The least important factors are price and social norms.Research limitations/implicationsAs the GC category is at nascent stage in India the investigation is limited to the GC category innovators – a set of people high in intellectual and financial resources. The study is also limited to women users as the male cosmetic market in the country is still very small.Practical implicationsThe study results can help marketers in designing and implementing GC related marketing strategies to deliver higher customer value to the target segment. Academicians can use the study results for better prediction of category related behaviour of consumers.Social implicationsThe study results will help promote GC category adoption and usage which can benefit the environment and consumer health.Originality/valueThe study contributes to literature and practice by assessing a comprehensive set of critical antecedents to GC adoption using a novel approach of F-AHP and an expert user panel. The study results offer insights to marketers that can be used to develop suitable strategies to convert non-GC users into GCs in India and similar markets, improving category penetration and benefitting marketers, retailers, users, and the environment.

Feasibility Analysis of Solar Energy and Role of Lithium-Ion Battery Reserved in Electric Vehicle Market: A Path Towards Green Transportation

Solar-based vehicular electrification is bound to play a vital role in Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction from conventional transports and supporting the fight against environmental degradation. This paper presents the feasibility of solar-based electric vehicle charging (SEVC) in India, a shift of the transportation sector to renewable energy implementation. Solar-electric vehicles may transform the scenario in the coming future in India on a larger scale. Extensive negative environmental impact is produced by transport activities as it pours out 14% of global GHG emissions. The transportation sector is the second major contributor to pollution in India. Currently, dealers of non-renewable resources like coal, petroleum, etc. are facing a tough time meeting increasing demand. This results in limited resources which are being suppressed by the dealers and producers to meet this need which leads us to an insecure future, having scarcity of minerals and fuel. In this paper, we perform a graphical analysis of fuel consumption in India, the growing demand for green transportation in the Indian market and solar potential in our country. In Feb 2023, India’s government revealed the finding of a 5.9 million tons stockpile of unexplored lithium deposits in the Jammu and Kashmir state. So, the price of batteries would be significantly impacted by this, making EVs more accessible to customers. This paper also includes challenges in adopting solar-based transportation, steps of the Indian Government towards green transportation and recommended policies.

Fertilizer Consumption and Productionin India

Fertilizers are one of the most important sectors in India. It is an essential input for agricultural production. Fertilizers play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity. The paper tells about fertilizer’s consumption and production of Indians well as analyze fertilizer sector. This is a conceptual and descriptive nature paper. It is based on secondary data. Companies should prepare their production and distribution plans as per the needs and interests of farmers. Today the farmers do not accept any product that does not satisfy them. Production of crops is increasing due to fertilizer consumption in India. But more usage of urea is misbalancing the ideal fertilizer application ratio. So, Farmers have to shift from straight fertilizers towards NPKS complex fertilizers for supplying the vital nutrients are needed by the crops for growth to improve this ratio.

Revolution in Data Market: A Study on Data Consumption in India

India has been a developing country; in the process of development India has seen massive revolution in information technology. As information technology industry is growing in a fast phase that has enabled the people to use smartphones and computers extensively which has resulted in excessive consumption of data. Smart phones are not just phones now they have become an integral part of our life, as a result of which the data consumption has also seen an immense growth. In this article we will be discussing on how smart phones have replaced many elements and also how extensively data is being consumed in the name of entertainment, though India is in developing stage which has a lot of disparities in rural and urban region, but in urban and semi urban and also in rural some portion of society, terrain there is a community which is using the data enormously. Data consumption has grown a massive growth specially in the period of covid. The covid lock down has also contributed to the OTT platforms like amazon prime, Netflix, voot, zee5 etc are demanded by the middle income and high income group people. We will be comparing the average amount spent on data purchase and average amount of data consumed per head. In this article we have attempted to understand at what rate data is being consumed, what is the average amount of money spend on data per head.

ORGANIC FARMING AND MARKETING CHALLENGES: A CASE STUDY OF HARYANA

The growing issues of health among people and increasing awareness for organic products has directed number of people towards organic consumption. This also led the number of opportunities for farmers to produce organic food. Along with the emerging opportunities, farmers are also facing challenges, thus this study aims to explore the limitations and challenges faced by farmers to switch over organic productions. The sample size for this study comprised 100 farmers from various districts in Haryana, which includes both organic as well as conventional producers. For this study, sequential form of mixed method is used, that is quantitative as well as qualitative. The major findings of qualitative analysis revealed six major market challenges namely, less production, shortage of warehousing facility, lack of government support especially in form of subsidy and promotion, inadequate demand of crops, market price issues and high cost of transportation. This study is to understand market challenges for organic farmers in a developing country like India. The findings of this study will contribute to various stakeholders at policy level to build better strategies to successful promotion of organic farming. This will definitely contribute in fulfilling healthy consumption in India as well as reaching the goals of sustainable development goals.

Role of green awareness and green behaviour in fostering sustainable consumption in India

Purpose This study aims to determine the solutions to address the Indian attitude-behaviour inconsistency in the green purchasing context and provide the possible combinations of antecedents that aid Indian marketers in designing promotional and advertising strategies. Design/methodology/approach A non-probability criterion-based sampling technique was used in collecting the data across Hyderabad city of Telangana region through online survey technique. The respondents were the customers who were attracted towards green and eco-friendly products. A total of 129 responses were received. SPSS v26 software was used to conduct the descriptive analysis, and the two-step analysis approach of the measurement and structural model was conducted in SmartPLS. Findings Results indicate that interpersonal influence has a greater direct influence on green purchase behaviour (GPB); altruism’s influence on green purchase intention (GPI) and GPB is through environmental attitude (EA) and green awareness (GA). EA has a significant influence on GA and green behaviour (GB). The GA and GB individually act as potential mediators between EA and green consumption behaviour (GCB) variables. Perceived environmental knowledge (PEK) does not influence GPB directly or indirectly. Altruism still ranks at the fifth position among the six antecedents, indicating reciprocal determinism and not an altruistic purchase approach in the Telangana region. Social implications The results of this study may be used by government agencies and policymakers to launch awareness campaigns aimed at educating the public and encouraging green buying practices among broader societal segments. These kinds of programmes could lessen the harm that inconsiderate consumption habits do to the environment and to society, increase the green behaviour practices like planting trees, and recycling, and also increase the consumer’s PEK. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to apply reciprocal deterministic theory along with theory of planned behaviour to predict Indian GCB and address the attitude-behaviour gap. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate together the direct and indirect influence of altruism, interpersonal influence and perceived environmental knowledge on green purchase behaviour. Given the growing trend of consumers adopting an eco-friendly mind-set, a novel approach to empirically discuss the behavioural and personal factors will give research the much-needed boost it needs.

Residues determination, risk assessment, and dissipation behavior of myclobutanil formulation on apple.

This study aimed to investigate the dissipation pattern, risk assessment, and waiting period of myclobutanil on apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) under temperate conditions in Kashmir, India. The study involved the application of myclobutanil 10 WP at a single recommended dosage (125 g a.i.ha-1) and double dosage (250 g a.i.ha-1) on Red Velox apple trees, 2 months before harvest. GC equipped with an electron capture detector was used to analyze myclobutanil residues in fruit samples. The study revealed that myclobutanil, at both recommended and double recommended doses, dissipated rapidly and became nondetectable after 55 and 60 days, respectively. The waiting period for myclobutanil application was determined to be 12.41 days for the single dose and 25.58 days for the double dose, respectively. These waiting periods were based on the maximum residue limit of 0.6 ppm as prescribed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, and European Commission. The study concludes that myclobutanil 10 WP is safe for consumers at both recommended and double recommended doses when applied 2 months before harvest. Risk assessment, considering the average daily apple consumption in India and theoretical maximum residue contributions (TMRCs), indicates negligible health hazards even at double the recommended dosage. The calculated TMRC values at Day 0 were significantly below the maximum permissible intake. For average and maximum myclobutanil residues at single and double doses, the TMRC values were found to be 0.0069 and 0.0070 mg day-1 person-1 and 0.0105 and 0.0106 mg day-1 person-1, respectively. These results indicate that myclobutanil, when used according to recommended dosages and waiting periods, poses minimal health risks to consumers. The study emphasizes the importance of prudent fungicide use to minimize fungicide residues on fruits, thereby ensuring their safety for consumption.

Political factors, carbon emissions, and life expectancy in India: Implications for the Sustainable Development Goal 3.

This study examines the nexus among political factors, carbon emissions, and life expectancy between 1990 and 2020 in India. Data for this study was extracted from the World Bank Development indicators, after which it was subjected to econometrics analysis. The results showed that on averages, between 1990 and 2020, India experienced a life expectancy around 65 years. Fossil fuel energy consumption represents a small proportion of total energy consumption in India. However, carbon emissions and life expectancy have a positive and significant relationship. Fossil fuel usage and life expectancy possess a significantly positive relationship (FFEC = 0.044128, P-value = 0.0023) Moreover, government effectiveness and life expectancy have a significant direct relationship. Political stability and life expectancy have a significant negative relationship in the country. We conclude that policymakers in India should ensure that carbon emissions and fossil fuel usage in India do not pose a threat to life expectancy. Efforts should be put in place by policymakers in India to increase life expectancy , a strategic component of SDG 3- good health and well being for all at all ages, by ensuring stable political climate, good governance and efficient health enhanced public policies.

Power-law Behaviour and Inequality in the Upper Tail of Wealth, Income and Consumption: Evidence from India

This article analyses the upper tails of wealth, income and consumption in India over the period 2012–2018 using rich lists, wealth surveys, income tax returns and consumer expenditure surveys. We find the upper tail to obey a power-law in all three economic resources. Comparing our estimates in 2012—where we possess data on wealth, income and consumption simultaneously—we find that the upper tail of wealth is most concentrated, income slightly less, and consumption is much less concentrated. Unlike wealth and income, the Pareto coefficients for consumption are estimated to have a well-defined mean and variance. Our findings are suggestive of convex saving functions in the income distribution. JEL Codes: D31, O16, O53

Do hospitalizations push households into poverty in India: evidence from national data.

High percentage of OOP (Out-of-Pocket) costs can lead to poverty and exacerbate existing poverty, with 21.9% of India's 1.324 billion people living below the poverty line. Factors such as increased patient cost-sharing, high-deductible health plans, and expensive medications contribute to high OOP costs. Understanding the poverty-inducing impact of healthcare payments is essential for formulating effective measures to alleviate it. The study used data from the 75th round of the National Sample Survey Organization (Household Social Consumption in India: Health) from July 2017-June 2018, focusing on demographic-socio-economic characteristics, morbidity status, healthcare utilization, and expenditure. The analysis included 66,237 hospitalized individuals in the last 365 days. Logistic regression model was used to examine the impact of OOP expenditures on impoverishment. Logistic regression analysis shows that there is 0.2868 lower odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP expenditures in households where there is the presence of at least one child aged 5 years and less present in the household compared to households who do not have any children. There is 0.601 higher odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP expenditures in urban areas compared to households in rural areas. With an increasing duration of stay in the hospital, there is a higher odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP health expenditures. There is 1.9013 higher odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP expenditures if at least one member in the household used private healthcare facility compared to households who never used private healthcare facilities. In order to transfer demand from private to public hospitals and reduce OOPHE, policymakers should restructure the current inefficient public hospitals. More crucially, there needs to be significant investment in rural areas, where more than 70% of the poorest people reside and who are more vulnerable to OOP expenditures because they lack coping skills.

Do the various sources of energy consumption affect the environmental degradation in India?

India possesses ample opportunities for economic growth, resulting in a surge in electricity demand. As per the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), India's rank on environmental health and ecosystem viability stands at a lowly 168th out of 180 countries. Historically, India relied on fossil fuels for electricity generation, leading to substantial environmental degradation that have harmed the environment. In recent times, India has diversified its electricity generation sources, incorporating not only fossil fuels but also nuclear power and renewable resources. However, despite these changes, India still struggles with high CO2 emissions which indicates the level of environmental degradation. Hence, this study aims to investigate the sources of energy consumption in India: fossil fuels, renewable energy, and nuclear energy. By utilising the ARDL and NARDL methodologies, this study enriches the empirical studies by examining energy consumption trends in India from 1985 to 2021. The findings of this study shed light on whether the adoption of renewable energy and nuclear energy significantly aids in reducing carbon emissions in India, thereby facilitating the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Therefore, it is of the utmost necessity for India to emphasize the formation of clean energy in their energy policy to achieve the SDG7 by the year 2030. This study found a positive correlation between GDP per capita and CO2 emissions, highlighting the urgent need to reduce India's dependency on fossil fuels. The ARDL analysis further confirms that fossil fuel-generated energy contributes to CO2 emissions, whereas nuclear-generated energy reduces them.

Determinants of private-sector antibiotic consumption in India: findings from a quasi-experimental fixed-effects regression analysis using cross-sectional time-series data, 2011–2019

The consumption of antibiotics varies between and within countries. However, our understanding of the key drivers of antibiotic consumption is largely limited to observational studies. Using Indian data that showed substantial differences between states and changes over years, we conducted a quasi-experimental fixed-effects regression study to examine the determinants of private-sector antibiotic consumption. Antibiotic consumption decreased by 10.2 antibiotic doses per 1000 persons per year for every ₹1000 (US$12.9) increase in per-capita gross domestic product. Antibiotic consumption decreased by 46.4 doses per 1000 population per year for every 1% increase in girls’ enrollment rate in tertiary education. The biggest determinant of private sector antibiotic use was government spending on health—antibiotic use decreased by 461.4 doses per 1000 population per year for every US$12.9 increase in per-capita government health spending. Economic progress, social progress, and increased public investment in health can reduce private-sector antibiotic use.

Natural Gas Matters: LNG and India’s Quest for Clean Energy

India, the world’s most populous country, is the world’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Despite employing several energy sources, it still relies heavily on coal, its primary energy source. Given India’s swiftly rising energy demand, this challenges meeting emission reduction targets. In recent years, India has significantly increased investments in renewables like solar and hydrogen. While commendable, these initiatives alone cannot meet the country’s expanding energy demands. In the short term, India must rely on both domestic and imported fossil fuels, with natural gas being the most environmentally friendly option. In this context, this paper attempts to forecast energy consumption, natural gas production, and consumption in India until 2050, using both univariate and multivariate forecasting methods. For multivariate forecasting, we have assumed two alternative possibilities for GDP growth: the business-as-usual and the high-growth scenarios. Each of our forecasts indicates a notable shortfall in the projected production of natural gas compared to the expected demand, implying our results are robust. Our model predicts that nearly 30–50 percent of India’s natural gas consumption will be met by imports, mainly in the form of LNG. Based on these findings, this paper recommends that Indian government policies emphasize increasing domestic natural gas production, importing LNG, and expanding renewable energy resources.

Modelling and forecasting India's electricity consumption using artificial neural networks

AbstractPrecise electricity forecasting is a pertinent challenge in effectively controlling the supply and demand of power. This is due to the inherent volatility of electricity, which cannot be stored and must be utilised promptly. Thus, this study develops a framework integrating canonical cointegrating regressions (CCR), time series artificial neural network (ANN) and a multilayer perceptron ANN model for analysing and projecting India's gross electricity consumption to 2030. Annual data for the years 1961–2020 have been collected for variables like gross domestic product (GDP), population, inflation GDP deflator (annual %), annual average temperature and electricity consumption. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase of the study, the CCR method was used to check the significance of the selected variables. In the second phase, the projected values of independent variables (GDP, population, inflation GDP deflator [annual %] and annual average temperature) were predicted using the time series ANN model. Finally, a multilayer perceptron ANN model with independent variables was used to forecast the gross electricity consumption in India by 2030. The result shows that the electricity consumption in India will increase by around 50% in the next 10 years, reaching over 1800 TWh in 2030. The proposed approach can be utilised to effectively implement energy policies, as an accurate prediction of energy consumption can help capture future demand.