Consumption Frequency Questionnaire Research Articles

Estimation of Dietary Exposure to Sodium Benzoate (E211) and Potassium Sorbate (E202) of Children and Adolescents in the Oran Region, Algeria.

Sodium benzoate (E211) and potassium sorbate (E202) are two preservatives widely used alone or in combination in the food industry in Algeria. This study aims to estimate the dietary exposure of children and adolescents to these substances in Oran Province (Algeria) and to assess the risks incurred in consuming these two preservatives. For this, a total of 116 commercial food samples were analyzed for potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate content by HPLC, and a survey was carried out on 250 children and 765 adolescents using a consumption frequency questionnaire as the method. The concentration of preservatives in foodstuffs was mostly within the maximum permitted limits set by national and international standards. In scenario 2 and scenario 3, the estimated average dietary exposure to the two preservatives was below the ADI: it was 17-48% and 21-36% of the ADI for potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, respectively. The dietary exposure at the 95th percentile exceeded the ADI for sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate when calculations were made using the average of samples containing these preservatives. The main contributors to exposure were carbonated drinks for sodium benzoate and juices, cheeses, and yogurts for potassium sorbate.

Consumption of fish and seafood in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to nutritional status in Copiapó (Chile)

Chile has the third highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus America, with 12.7% of the population aged 20-79 years, whose 90% have type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)(1). Diet plays an important role in the management of this disease(2). According to the 2016-17 National Health Survey in Chile, only 9.2% of the population consume fish and seafood (9.5% women and 8.8% men)(3). However, no studies have investigated the frequency of fish and seafood consumption in T2DM population from Chile, or whether consumption differs between normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects. This study aims to compare the frequency of fish and seafood consumption in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects with T2DM in primary health care centres (PHCC) in CopiapóChile.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with T2DM, of both sexes, aged 3065 years, from the CODIACO cohort, recruited in PHCCs, during 2023. Pregnant and lactating women, diabetic neuropathy or nephropathy, cancer, and severe inflammatory or infectious diseases patients were excluded. Participants were administered a food consumption frequency questionnaire (never/rarely, occasionally and usually) of oily and white fish, and seafood. The nutritional status (normal-weight, overweight, and obese) was defined based on WHO criteria(4). The results on the frequency of food consumption were expressed as percentages and the age of the participants as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used to study the relationship between the frequency of fish and seafood consumption and nutritional status. A Pvalue less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The CODIACO project was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad de Atacama. Project funded by FONDECYT N°11180794.The mean age of the 153 participants, 106 women and 47 men, was 55.45 ± 7.56 years. Of the participants 9.8% were normal-weight, 32.0% were overweight and 58.2% were obese. Those who reported an usually consumption of oily fish according normal-weight (53.3%), overweight (28.6%) and obese patients (29.2%), were significant (P = 0.021). From the total number of subjects who never/rarely consumed oily fish, 2.2 % were normal-weight, 26.1% were overweight and 71.7% were obese. Regarding white fish, it was usually consumed by 46.7% of normal-weight, 32.7% of overweight and 29.2% of obese patients, but not significant (P = 0.059). Furthermore, white fish was never/rarely consumed by 5.1% of normal-weight, 23.1% of overweight and 71.8 % of obese subjects. Finally, seafood consumption reported was not significant (P = 0.571). Those who declare a never/rarely seafood consumption, 6.0% had a normal-weight, 30% were overweight and 64% were obese subjects.The results suggest that obese patients with T2DM in the PHCCs of Copiapó consume significantly less fish, especially oily fish, than normal-weight and overweight diabetic patients. A better oily fish consumption could be a protector factor to prevent obsesity in T2DM.

Dietary bisphenols exposure as an influencing factor of body mass index

BackgroundOver the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity worldwide. The obesogen hypothesis suggests that certain external agents may affect pathways related to fat accumulation and energy balance by stimulating fat cell differentiation and proliferation. Previous research has indicated that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and some of its analogues may influence fat accumulation by promoting the transformation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. This study aimed to assess the possible contribution of dietary bisphenol exposure to the odds of developing overweight and obesity in a sample of Spanish children according to sex.MethodsDietary and anthropometric data were collected from 179 controls and 124 cases schoolchildren aged 3–12 years. Dietary exposure to BPA and bisphenol S (BPS) was assessed using a food consumption frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess the influence of dietary exposure to bisphenols on overweight and obesity stratified by sex.ResultsFor females, cases had significantly higher exposure to BPA from meat and eggs compared to controls (median = 319.55, interquartile range (IQR) = 176.39–381.01 vs 231.79 (IQR) = 162.11–350.19, p-value = 0.046). Diet quality was higher for controls (6.21 (2.14) vs 4.80 (2.24) p < 0.001) among males independently of a high or low exposure to bisphenols. However, higher diet quality was observed for female controls with an high exposure of total bisphenols (6.79 (2.04) vs 5.33 (2.02) p = 0.031). Females exposed to high levels of BPA from meat and eggs had higher likelihood of being overweight and obese (adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.00 – 7.32). However, no consistent associations were found in males.ConclusionsHigh BPA levels from meat and eggs were positively associated with overweight and obesity in females. The dietary intake of BPA in the schoolchildren in the present study was much higher than the acceptable daily intake established by EFSA for the last year.

Do shift-working nurses’ work-life quality relate to their physical health and diet quality?

Abstract Background Shift work negatively affects work-related quality of life and this situation causes significant labour force losses and decreased productivity in the society, especially health problems in nurses. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between work-related quality of life, physical health level and nutritional behaviours of nurses working in shifts. Methods This descriptive and relationship-seeking study was conducted with 312 nurses selected by quota sampling in Istanbul. Data were collected between December 2022 to July 2023 using the The Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), Physical Health Questionnaire and Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests were conducted on IBM SPSS 25.0. BeBIS 7.1 software were used for calculation diet index. Results Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout (B) and Compassion Fatigue (CF) scores of nurses was examined, a relationship was found between CS score and B score (r=-0.39 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and between B score and CF score (r = 0.58 p &amp;lt; 0.05). CS score correlated with Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r=-0.15 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and diet index score (r = 0.15 p &amp;lt; 0.05). B score correlated with Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.27 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.38 p &amp;lt; 0.05). There was a correlation between the score of CF and Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.25 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.31 p &amp;lt; 0.05). Daily energy, fibre, vitamin B1 and C, folate, calcium and magnesium intakes of nurses were lower than the recommended. Conclusions Research results support that the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems have a direct relationship with stress and emotional states. In the policies to be developed within the scope of occupational health nursing practices, it is recommended to carry out studies to improve the physical health and nutritional behaviours of nurses in order to improve their work-related quality of life. Key messages • Nurses are a risky occupational group in terms of burnout. Protection studies should be prioritised to prevent burnout. • Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system complaints of nurses should be paid special attention during recruitment and periodic examinations.

Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact

ObjectiveTo estimate the environmental impact of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) after one year of follow-up. MethodsBaseline and 1-year follow-up data were used for 5800 participants aged 55–75 years with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food intake was estimated through a validated semiquantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was estimated through the Diet Score. Using the EAT-Lancet Commission tables we assessed the influence of dietary intake on environmental impact (through five indicators: greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication). Using multivariable linear regression models, the association between the intervention and changes in each of the environmental factors was assessed. Mediation analyses were carried out to estimate to what extent changes in each of 2 components of the intervention, namely adherence to the MedDiet and caloric reduction, were responsible for the observed reductions in environmental impact. ResultsWe observed a significant reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group in acidification levels (−13.3 vs. -9.9 g SO2-eq), eutrophication (−5.4 vs. -4.0 g PO4-eq) and land use (−2.7 vs. -1.8 m2).Adherence to the MedDiet partially mediated the association between intervention and reduction of acidification by 15 %, eutrophication by 10 % and land use by 10 %. Caloric reduction partially mediated the association with the same factors by 55 %, 51 % and 38 % respectively. In addition, adherence to the MedDiet fully mediated the association between intervention and reduction in GHG emissions by 56 % and energy use by 53 %. ConclusionsA nutritional intervention based on consumption of an energy-reduced MedDiet for one year was associated with an improvement in different environmental quality parameters.

Evaluation of the consumption of potentially goitrogenic food products in various models of plant-based diets in Poland

The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption frequency of the selected examples of goitrogenic foods in four different groups of people in Poland, who used traditional, vegetarian, vegan and pescovegetarian diets. The validated consumption frequency questionnaire of the examples of goitrogenic foods in four groups of people (n=365) on afore-mentioned diets, was performed in Poland in 2022. The statistical correspondence analysis model (CAM) was used to quantify and reveal potential relations between dietary habits and thyroid dysfunction, family history of thyroid disease, use of thyroid drugs (L-thyroxine, propylthiouracil, thiamazole), or iodine dietary supplements/drugs. Statistical analyses revealed an increased odds ratio more than 3, 8, and 6 times higher for tofu; plant-based meat; and soy beverages, respectively, by vegetarian’s vs traditional diet. Respondents with diagnosed hypothyroidism consumed soy, flax products, but avoided iodine-rich products. All respondents on traditional diet used iodine-rich products while 22% vegetarian and 23% vegan excluded them. CAM analysis did not show any relation between brassica vegetables and thyroid dysfunction. Despite the results obtained using food questionnaire were not combined with biochemicals data, some tendencies in food behavior among Polish vegans, vegetarians, and pescovegetarians appeared. Apart from some interesting correlations and tendencies, revealed in our study, further in-depth research, combined with biochemical analysis, will allow to better understand, and explain these observations. Still, the effort should be made in the future in equalizing the proportions of female and male participants of such studies, what should bring some additional data on the gender influence.

Dietary inflammatory index related to knee osteoarthritis symptomatology

Proinflammatory diet contributes to greater symptomatology in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, in Mexico there seems to be no evidence of the dietary inflammatory role, being a country with high prevalence of overweight and obesity with an inclination towards a Western diet. To analyze the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and KOA symptomatology in Mexican patients. Analytical cross-sectional study in 100 patients aged 40 to 70 years. Pain, stiffness, and functionality were evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and the DII was calculated from the semi-quantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire (QFCFQ). For its analysis, linear regression was calculated. DII was significantly associated with pain (p = 0.001, R² = 0.118), functionality (p = 0.003, R² = 0.087) and WOMAC score (p = 0.001, R² = 0.099). In the second linear regression model with the dependent variable functionality, waist circumference (WC) was adjusted obtaining an R² = 0.144 and higher significance p = 0.001. Proinflammatory DII was related to greater pain, lower functionality and a high WOMAC score, which is why the anti-inflammatory diet could be considered as a support for the treatment of the patient with KOA.

Validation and calibration of the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire for pregnant women.

Few food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) have been validated for pregnant women, particularly those in small- and medium-sized cities in different regions of Brazil. To validate and calibrate a semiquantitative FFQ for pregnant women. The study was validated with a sample of 50 pregnant women (≥ 18 years) enrolled in Brazilian prenatal services. An FFQ and a 24-hour recall were used to evaluate dietary intake. Dietary variables were tested for normality and log-converted when asymmetrical. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was used to validate the questionnaire. Linear regression was applied to extract calibration factors. All variables underlying the consumption analysis were adjusted for energy. The mean age of the pregnant women was 26 years ± 6.2 years; 58% were in their first trimester, and 30% were identified as overweight/obese. The Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that the FFQ overestimated energy and nutrient intake, whose coefficients ranged from -0.15 (monounsaturated fat) to 0.50 (carbohydrate). Adjusting for energy reduced the mean values of intake coefficients, which now ranged from -0.33 (sodium) to 0.96 (folate). The calibration analysis results indicated variation in the coefficients from -0.23 (sodium) to 1.00 (folate). Calibration produced satisfactory coefficients for the FFQ compared with the reference standard for energy, macronutrients, monounsaturated fat, cholesterol, vitamins B12/C, folate, sodium, iron, and calcium. After validating and calibrating tests, we observed that the FFQ was adequately accurate for assessing the food consumption of the pregnant women in this study.

Influence of dietary and lifestyle factors on levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in obese subjects.

The low-grade inflammation occurring in obese individuals leads to many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary patterns, food groups or nutrients in a well-balanced diet may reduce the level of pro-inflammatory markers and the risk of obesity-related morbidities. Our study aims to describe three cytokines in obese patients in relation to dietary habits, lifestyle and body composition. Serum samples were collected from 84 obese adult volunteer subjects [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2] to analyze the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ (IFN-γ). The subjects were tested by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and completed a three-day food diary and original questionnaire with the FFQ-6 food consumption frequency questionnaire. Higher serum levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ were found in patients with atherosclerosis, but the group was too small for a reliable correlation. Subcutaneous but not visceral adipose tissue correlated positively with IL-6 levels. Dietary factors such as amount of sugars, including galactose and sucrose, in the diet and the frequency of consumption of sweet flavored dairy products correlated positively with the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, while the frequency of alcohol consumption negatively correlated with the level of IL-6. The greater the frequency of sports, the higher was the level of IL-6. In obese individuals, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines could predispose to atherosclerosis and is associated with dietary factors and lifestyle.

Is There any Connection Between ADHD and the Additives in Sweetened Beverages?

BACKGROUND: Sweetened beverages (SBs) have been linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), possibly because they contain sugar, caffeine, artificial colors, sweeteners, and preservatives. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to show how SBs affect ADHD and to investigate the potential contribution of the various ingredients in SBs to this effect. METHODS: The study consisted of 239 children, ranging from 6 to 10 years old, divided into two groups: 111 with ADHD, diagnosed by a doctor in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, and 128 in the control group, who were selected from schools. The modified Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 17 sweetened beverages was used in the assessment of beverage consumption. The consumption record was taken together with the brands of the beverages and the label information of the products was examined and the amounts of sugar, caffeine, artificial colors, sweeteners and preservatives in the beverages were calculated. Maximum food additives consumed (mg/day/kg b.w.) values of food additives were calculated according to body weight. To establish the relationship between ADHD and beverage consumption, logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Children with ADHD consumed more fruit juice, carbonated beverages, flavored beverages, sugary milk, sugar, caffeine, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate compared to their healthy peers (p &lt; 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that drinking fruit juice, sugary milk, carbonated beverages, and flavored drinks was significantly associated with ADHD (p &lt; 0.01). CONCLUSION: The consumption of sweetened beverages containing sugar, caffeine, and food additives could potentially effect children’s behavior.

YETİŞKİNLERDE KÜMÜLATİF DİYET KARYOJENİTESİ VE DİŞ ÇÜRÜKLERİ

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the total cariogenic load of diet and its effect on dental caries in adults.&#x0D; Method: Patients aged 19-65 years (n=506) who applied for dental treatment were included in the study. A questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and a decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index calculation were used to collect the data. The data were evaluated using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and Jamovi 2.3 package program and the level of significance was accepted as p

Dietary Habit Modifications in Paediatric Patients after One Year of Treatment with the Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet.

Gut microbiota alterations play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its modification through specific diets is an emerging line of treatment that is currently being researched. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the dietary habits of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and their long-term adherence to dietary therapy with the Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) after one year. To analyse the modification of dietary habits and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (DM), the KIDMED questionnaire, a food consumption frequency questionnaire, was used. Twenty-four hour recalls at two timepoints, namely prior to the start of the dietary therapy and one year later, were also carried out. The processing degrees of the foods consumed by the patients were analysed at both timepoints using the NOVA classification system. Data from 24 patients (15 boys), with a mean age of 12.7 ± 2.9 years at the start of the dietary therapy, were analysed. All patients showed an improvement in their dietary pattern in the form of a reduction in the intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs); a higher adherence to the MD; a decrease in the intake of cold meats, seafood, pasta, precooked foods, soft drinks, and pastries; an increase in the intake of eggs, legumes, dairy products, and nuts (p < 0.05); and adequate adherence, even in the long-term, to foods allowed during the different phases of the dietary regimen. Although more factors have an impact on the course of the disease in these patients, improving their dietary habits is essential.

Nutritional Assessment and Support in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: The Benefits of Working with a Registered Dietitian.

An unbalanced dietary pattern, characterized by high animal protein content: may worsen metabolic control, accelerate renal deterioration and consequently aggravate the stage of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) in pediatric patients with this condition. to assess the effect of a registered dietitian (RD) intervention on the CKD children's eating habits. Anthropometric and dietetic parameters, obtained at baseline and 12 months after implementing healthy eating and nutrition education sessions, were compared in 16 patients (50% girls) of 8.1 (1-15) years. On each occasion, anthropometry, 3-day food records and a food consumption frequency questionnaire were carried out. The corresponding relative intake of macro- and micronutrients was contrasted with the current advice by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and with consumption data obtained using the Spanish dietary guidelines. Student's paired t-test, Wilcoxon test and Mc Nemar test were used. At Baseline 6% were overweight, 69% were of normal weight and 25% were underweight. Their diets were imbalanced in macronutrient composition. Following nutritional education and dietary intervention 63%, 75% and 56% met the Dietary Reference Values requirements for fats, carbohydrates and fiber, respectively, but not significantly. CKD children decreased protein intake (p < 0.001), increased dietary fiber intake at the expense of plant-based foods consumption (p < 0.001) and a corresponding reduction in meat, dairy and processed food intake was noticed. There were no changes in the medical treatment followed or in the progression of the stages. RD-led nutrition intervention focused on good dieting is a compelling helpful therapeutic tool to improve diet quality in pediatric CKD patients.

Low abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and low consumption of polyphenols associated with metabolic disorders in child population

A polyphenol-rich diet modulates the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila ( A. muciniphila ), protecting against metabolic disorders caused by several pathologies such as obesity. The aim of this study was to determine if the polyphenol intake and the A. muciniphila abundance are related to metabolic disorders in Mexican children aged from 6 to 12 years old. To determine if the polyphenol intake and the relative abundance (RA) of A. muciniphila to relate to the presence of metabolic disorders in the child population, we performed a Cross-sectional study of 1190 children between 6 and 12 years of age, all of them with complete information of anthropometry, biochemical parameters and RA of A. muciniphila . The polyphenol intake was assessed through a food consumption frequency questionnaire. The findings showed a positive association between low RA of A. muciniphila with triglycerides 6.89 mg/dL (95%CI 0.5, 14.2) and negative with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) −1.35 mg/dL (95%CI -3.4, −0.6). The low intake of anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols are positively associated with triglycerides, 7.35 mg/dL (95%CI 1.80, 12.89) and 5.66 mg/dL (95%CI 0.013, 11.32), respectively. Conclusion: The low RA of A. muciniphila and less intake of polyphenols are directly associated to lipid disorders in child. • Less intake of polyphenols is directly associated to the metabolic disorders. • Low RA of A. Muciniphila is directly associated to the metabolic disorders. • Low RA of A. Muciniphila and less intake of polyphenols are related to lipid disorders. • In children. • Our results help to guide the implementation of strategies, interventions, or policies for metabolic disorders in child population.

Combined Dietary Education and High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Reducing cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes that include a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise is recommended in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We pilot-tested the effectiveness of a dietary-education and high-intensity interval resistance training (DE–HIIRT) program on healthy food choices and associated anthropometric variables in patients with established CAD. Methods: A total of 22 participants, aged 60.0 ± 7.2 years, were enrolled in the study. Over 3 months, under the guidance and supervision of a physiotherapist, participants performed the resistance exercises 2×/week in a group setting (cohort of 11). Participants additionally attended three sessions of dietary education led by a dietician. Participants demonstrated their knowledge and understanding of dietary education by picking heart-healthy foods by reading food labels. Outcomes included change in diet (measured using the tricipital skinfold thickness Mediterranean Diet Adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14) and the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ)) and anthropometric measurements (body composition, body circumference, and tricipital skinfold thickness). A paired t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the baseline and post-intervention results. Results: Participants significantly increased their consumption of vegetables (p = 0.04) and lowered their consumption of sweet snacks (p = 0.007), pastries (p = 0.02), and processed food (p = 0.05). Significant improvements in body mass index (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.0001), hip circumference (p = 0.04), and body fat (p = 0.0001) were also achieved. Conclusion: Making lifestyle changes that include both diet and exercise is essential in the management of CAD. The HIIRT program combined with dietary changes shows promise in achieving weight-loss goals in this population and needs to be further investigated with appropriate study designs.

Investigation of Eating Habits in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia.

Background:Nutritional habits of patients with functional dyspepsia can affect the progression of functional dyspepsia. We aimed to determine the foods and dietary habits that may cause symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning in functional dyspepsia patients.Methods:Sixty functional dyspepsia patients, who were diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria in the endoscopy unit of a gastroenterology institute, were included in the study. Data on the demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habits, and food consumption frequency questionnaire of functional dyspepsia patients were collected.Results:Postprandial fullness was found more common in those who preferred roasting as a cooking method. There was no significant difference between symptoms and meal frequency. Epigastric burning and pain were found to be more pronounced in women, and alcohol consumption was less in patients who experienced more epigastric pain. In non-smoker participants, the complaint of early satiety was lower. It was found that broccoli, radish, celery, green olives, and olive oil consumption was less in participants who experienced excessive postprandial fullness. Patients with stomach pain consumed less dry fruits, green olives, butter, alcohol, and fast food. It was found that patients with stomach burning consumed less alcohol and fast food.Conclusion:In conclusion, functional dyspepsia patients should avoid or reduce consuming broccoli, radish, celery, green olives, olive oil, dry fruits, and butter which may trigger symptoms. Reducing consumption of these foods, abandoning unhealthy cooking methods such as roasting, reducing smoking, and reducing consumption of alcohol and fast food might be beneficial for relieving symptoms.

A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF EFFECT OF SAMYOGA VIRUDDHA AHARA CONSUMPTION ON METABOLIC SYNDROME IN 35 - 50 YEAR OLD MEN AND WOMEN OF MUMBAI

Background: Metabolic Syndrome is now a growing epidemic spanning rapidly across the world. The increasing prevalence is observed in developing countries, developed countries as well as underdeveloped countries indicating, the weight of the current situation and the need for immediate worldwide action at governmental, public, community and clinical level. Ayurveda, one of the most ancient medical sciences emphasizes the importance of diet (Ahara), in determining an individuals health. It states that consumption of food in the wrong combination, dosage, sequence, quantity, method of cooking, processing results in disturbance at molecular level, which progresses into development of various diseases. In the present day scenario, due to modernisation we observe a change in the lifestyle of individuals and the prevalence of metabolic disorders like - diabetes and cardiovascular disorders has increased. The following study aimed at assessing the effect of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption on of Metabolic Syndrome in 35 - 50 year old men and women of Mumbai Aim: To assess the effect of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome in 35 - 50 year old men and women. Materials and Methods: The study was a Cross sectional Observational Study carried out on 97 participants between age 35 -50 years, residing in Mumbai, selected with random sampling method. The participants were enrolled into health camps, where demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary information was recorded using self-designed questionnaire. Biochemical analysis was carried out on venous blood sample drawn from each participant after a 12 Hour Fast and analysed for lipid profile (HDL-C and TG) and Fasting Plasma Glucose. After receiving blood reports indicating HDL-C and TG levels, participants were diagnosed for presence or absence of metabolic syndrome using the NCEP ATP III Criteria. All 97 participants were administered the Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Frequency Questionnaire and correlation between dietary patterns, Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption Frequency and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its risk factors was established. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 25 for Windows. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann Whitney U Test, Pearsons Correlation and Spearmans Correlation tests were carried out to analyse frequency and correlation between anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, blood levels with nutrient intake. Rank Point Biserial Correlation was used to analyse correlation between prevalence of metabolic syndrome and Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Frequency.The p value of &lt;0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Higher prevalence of MetS (52.6%) observed in participants compared to non-MetS (47.4%). Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome was found to be higher in Males compared to females. (p = 0.003). Anthropometric parameters such as - Weight, BMI, Waist Circumference were observed higher in MetS compared to non-MetS (p&lt;0.05). Average Systolic and Diastolic blood Pressure of participants with MetS was higher than non-MetS (p&lt;0.05). Higher prevalence of Hypertensive and Prehypertensive individuals in MetS group compared to non-MetS. Higher levels of HDL-C found in non-MetS compared to MetS (p&lt;0.05), whereas High TG observed in MetS compared to non-MetS (p&lt;0.05). Significant positive correlation between caloric consumption with weight (p = 0.031), muscle mass (p = 0.005), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), diastolic Blood Pressure (p = 0.015). Significantly positive correlation between weight, BMI, Waist Circumference, Hip circumference, Waist to Hip Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Muscle Mass, Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP), with Frequency of Consumption of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara found. Conclusion: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in study population was 52.6%, with higher prevalence observed in males than in females. Dietary patterns of participants as reflected by 24-Hour Dietary recall and Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption Frequency Questionnaire showed higher consumption of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara in participants with Metabolic Syndrome and a positive correlation of higher consumption with increased Body weight, BMI, Waist Circumference, Waist Circumference, and Blood Pressure. Therefore reducing Consumption of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food Combinations), in diet may reduce prevalence of metabolic Syndrome and its Components like - obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated Blood Pressure.

Brain Responses to Food Choices and Decisions Depend on Individual Hedonic Profiles and Eating Habits in Healthy Young Women.

The way different food consumption habits in healthy normal-weight individuals can shape their emotional and cognitive relationship with food and further disease susceptibility has been poorly investigated. Documenting the individual consumption of Western-type foods (i.e., high-calorie, sweet, fatty, and/or salty) in relation to psychological traits and brain responses to food-related situations can shed light on the early neurocognitive susceptibility to further diseases and disorders. We aimed to explore the relationship between eating habits, psychological components of eating, and brain responses as measured by blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a cognitive food choice task and using functional connectivity (FC) during resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) in a population of 50 healthy normal-weight young women. A Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ) was used to classify them on the basis of their eating habits and preferences by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the PCA, we defined two eating habit profiles, namely, prudent-type consumers (PTc, N = 25) and Western-type consumers (WTc, N = 25), i.e., low and high consumers of western diet (WD) foods, respectively. The first two PCA dimensions, PCA1 and PCA2, were associated with different psychological components of eating and brain responses in regions involved in reward and motivation (striatum), hedonic evaluation (orbitofrontal cortex, OFC), decision conflict (anterior cingulate cortex, ACC), and cognitive control of eating (prefrontal cortex). PCA1 was inversely correlated with the FC between the right nucleus accumbens and the left lateral OFC, while PCA2 was inversely correlated with the FC between the right insula and the ACC. Our results suggest that, among a healthy population, distinct eating profiles can be detected, with specific correlates in the psychological components of eating behavior, which are also related to a modulation in the reward and motivation system during food choices. We could detect different patterns in brain functioning at rest, with reduced connectivity between the reward system and the frontal brain region in Western-type food consumers, which might be considered as an initial change toward ongoing modified cortico-striatal control.

The water footprint and nutritional implications of diet change in Mexico: a principal component analysis.

Nutrition transition (NT) has modified the way that the Mexican population eats, while their body composition has also been modified. These changes have been linked with environmental impacts; however, little is known regarding water footprint (WF). The objective of this paper was to analyze the NT process in Mexico and evaluate its impact on WF using principal component analysis (PCA). A validated Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ) was modified and applied to 400 adults from the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, Mexico. The WF was calculated according to the WF Assessment Method. PCA and tertiles analysis was carried out to define dietary patterns WFs (DPWF). Questions covering sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as body composition data and physical activity levels were measured. The average DPWF was 6619.58 ± 3182.62 L per person per day (L p-1d-1). We found three DPWF by PCA: Medium NT (55% from the total sample), Healthy plant-based (28%), and High in animal protein (17%). The highest energy consumption, western and Mexican foods intake, and dietary WF were found in Medium NT DPWF, as well as obesity prevalence. Fruits and vegetable consumption was higher in Healthy plant-based DPWF. Muscle mass percentage was higher in the High in animal protein DPWF. Although most of the population is currently on Medium NT, new dietary patterns have emerged, where there was found a trend to plant-based diets but also diets high in animal food sources that can influence nutritional status.

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. A current area of interest is the association between ADHD and food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption and dietary patterns of children with and without ADHD in relation to their age and ADHD presentation. The study involved 259 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years old (57 with ADHD and 202 controls) and 475 elementary-school-age children, aged 10 to 12 years old (213 with ADHD and 262 controls) from Spain. ADHD was diagnosed in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) from Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children interviews. Eating data were collected using a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was carried out to analyze dietary patterns. Western-like, sweet, and healthy patterns were identified. The ADHD group was negatively associated with the healthy pattern (p < 0.001) and positively associated with the Western-like diet (p = 0.004). Children with inattentive presentation showed lower adherence (12.2%) to a healthy pattern than that of the control group (39.9%) (p < 0.001). There is an association between ADHD and dietary habits; children with inattentive presentation may particularly be at risk of unhealthy eating habits.