Consumer Need Research Articles

Who can be nudged? Examining nudging effectiveness in the context of need for cognition and need for uniqueness

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been a growing research focus on the subtle modifications of choice architecture that have strong effects on consumer behavior and are subsumed under the term nudging. There is still little research, however, on how different nudges influence individuals with different personality characteristics. An experimental online shopping scenario is used to test whether a customer's Need for Cognition and Need for Uniqueness moderate the effectiveness of two of the most prominent nudges—defaults and social influence. Two experiments with samples stratified by age, gender, and education (total N = 1,561) reveal that defaults and social influence have the predicted impact on a customer's decision. Across both studies, nudge effectiveness was partially impacted by Need for Cognition and not impacted at all by Need for Uniqueness. These findings imply that both types of nudges are strong and robust techniques to influence consumer decision‐making and are effective across different levels of consumer's Need for Cognition or Need for Uniqueness.

Comparative Analysis of Consumer Needs for Products, Service, and Integrated Product Service : Focusing on Amazon Online Reviews

Comparative Analysis of Consumer Needs for Products, Service, and Integrated Product Service : Focusing on Amazon Online Reviews

Survey and Statistical Analysis of Hangzhou Citizens’ Awareness of Harmful Blue Light and Consciousness of Protection Against Blue Light

The blue light hazards of electronics display screen have been concerned by people, and the corresponding protection of the blue light hazards has become the need of consumers. We took the citizens of Hangzhou as the sample survey object and we got the cognition degree of the citizens of Hangzhou to the harmful blue light and blue light-proof mobile phone membrane with the methods of the questionnaire survey and SPSS data analysis. The results showed that most people were not aware of the dangers of blue light, and many people had more or less certain eye problems. At the same time, the use of blue light-proof mobile phone membrane was not popular. The public still needs to increase their awareness of the dangers of blue light as well as the awareness of blue light prevention.

Insects at the table: What consumers know

Climate change and the increasing global population require a radical change in food production and consumption, mainly in western countries. Insects as food seem to be a solution to reach those objectives related to the sustainable develop-ment. Research mainly barriers and facilitators that can influence the consump-tion of insects has been done. Little research on the consumers' knowledge has been carried out. The present research aims at understanding what consumers know about eating insect. The results show that consumers have low or wrong knowledge on the issue. It is suggested to do more research on the type of knowledge a consumer need to make a conscious choice and to build information and communication campaigns.

How Behavioral Interventions Can Reduce the Climate Impact of Energy Use

Kristian S. Nielsen is a research associate in the Department of Zoology at University of Cambridge. He received a PhD from Copenhagen Business School in 2019 with a dissertation focused on the role of self-regulation in environmental behavior change. His current research focuses on bridging research in behavioral science and biodiversity conservation as part of an interdisciplinary project called Nudging for Nature. His other research interests revolve around behavior change as a climate change mitigation strategy, the dynamics of the behavior change process, self-regulation and self-control, and sustainable clothing consumption. Sander van der Linden is Reader in Social Psychology in Society and director of the Cambridge Social Decision-Making Lab in the Department of Psychology at the University of Cambridge. He is also a fellow in Psychological and Behavioral Sciences at Churchill College, Cambridge and the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Environmental Psychology. His research on the psychology of human judgment and decision-making, especially in the context of climate change, has received numerous awards including the Rising Star award from the Association for Psychological Science and the Sage Early Career Award from the Society for Personality and Social Psychology . Paul C. Stern is president of the Social and Environmental Research institute and was previously a principal staff officer at the US National Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine where he directed its Board on Environmental Change and Society. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Psychological Association. His research interests include the integration of social science into research and practice for governing environmental change and into risk assessment and management. Among his publications are Environmental Problems and Human Behavior (coauthor) and Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society (coeditor).

단기소득임산물에 대한 소비자니즈 분석 - Generative Tools를 적용하여 -

단기소득임산물에 대한 소비자니즈 분석 - Generative Tools를 적용하여 -

Availability of Health Insurance Literacy Resources Fails to Meet Consumer Needs in Rural, Appalachian Communities: Implications for State Medicaid Waivers.

PurposeWith the impending changes to state Medicaid programs and other health reform policies, it is imperative to understand the factors at play in promoting consumer health insurance literacy and health system engagement. This study examines the availability of health system and community‐based programs promoting health insurance literacy and supporting informed consumer health care decision making in rural communities in Kentucky.MethodsForty‐six health systems, community‐based providers, and outreach workers participated in 4 focus groups and 10 semistructured interviews. Descriptive and analytic coding techniques were used to identify 5 major themes and subthemes from interview and focus group transcripts.FindingsConsumers were generally identified as having low health insurance literacy, especially in rural communities, serving as a barrier to accessing health care insurance and services. Participants identified their own lack of knowledge and understanding around health systems, resulting from lack of training and challenges with staying updated on constant changes in health systems and policies. Overall, consumer demand or need for health insurance literacy resources and programs far exceeded supply or availability. Constant changes in the status of Kentucky's Medicaid program and the proposed changes to eligibility, specifically work requirements and copays, have caused increased confusion among both providers and consumers.ConclusionsFindings indicate a pressing need for implementing programs that provide training, tools, and resources to outreach workers to help them better assist consumers with accessing and using health insurance, especially in low‐income, rural areas. Health reform policies need to be responsive to the health insurance literacy needs and abilities of consumers.

Сетевое взаимодействие в рамках «сервисной» концепции деятельности образовательных учреждений (на примере Томской области)

The author emphasizes that ongoing global changes in society, new directions of sociocultural development have led to the necessity of making changes in requirements of the quality of education on every level. It is noted that these new requirements imply not only pupils’ subject knowledge development but also their metasubject and personal competence formation. Educational institutions faced difficulties while establishing educational process in accordance with the introduced state directions. The author comes to the conclusion that in search of the solution, educational institutions started to form networks and communities that let integrate both resources and abilities to succeed in fulfilling of the tasks given by the government. The concept of a “service state” is considered; principles of service activities of educational institutions are defined; client focus of educational institutions is reviewed; the main provisions of the network interaction of educational institutions are presented; regulatory acts, projects in which the network interaction in the field of education is fixed are analyzed; an independent assessment of the quality of education is given; educational institutions that occupy leading places in the opinion of service consumers about network interaction, taking into account the focus on the need of direct service consumers are considered. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, comparison, interviewing. The result of the study was a network interaction project taking into account the focus on service by the Humanitarian Lyceum in Tomsk and Tomsk State University.

The E.T.PACK project: Towards a fully passive and consumable-less deorbit kit based on low-work-function tether technology

The Electrodynamic Tether Technology for Passive Consumable-less Deorbit Kit (E.T.PACK) is a project aimed at the development of a deorbit kit based on low-work-function Tether (LWT) technology, i.e., a fully passive and electrically floating system made of a long conductive tape coated with a low-work-function material. The LWT interacts passively with the environment (ambient plasma, magnetic field, and solar radiation) to exchange momentum with the planet's magnetosphere, thus enabling the spacecraft to de-orbit and/or re-boost without the need for consumables. The main goal is to develop a deorbit kit and related software with Technology Readiness Level 4 and promote a follow-up project to carry out an in-orbit experiment. The planned kit in the experiment has three modes of operation: fully passive LWT and conventional electrodynamic tether equipped with an active electron emitter in passive and active modes. Several activities of the project pivot around the C12A7:e− electride, which will be used in four hardware elements: (i) LWT (ii) hollow cathode, (iii) photo-enhanced thermionic emission device to convert solar photon energy into electrical energy, and (iv) a hollow cathode thruster. These elements, some of which do not belong to the deorbit kit, are synergetic with the main stream of the project and common to some tether applications like in-orbit propulsion and energy generation. This work explains the activities of E.T.PACK and the approach for solving its technological challenges. After reviewing past progresses on electrodynamic tethers and thermionic materials, we present a preliminary concept of the kit for the in-orbit experiment, some simulation results, and the key hardware elements.

Improving Supply Chain Management of a Distribution Firm Using ERP System

This research deals with how the Supply Chain Management of a Distribution company can be improve by using the ERP System. Efficient Supply chain management has prominent role in placing the company at competitive advantage & enhances the productivity of firm. Supply chain management is the strategy which aims for decreasing the costs & enhancing the customer satisfaction. ERP is considered to be Productive instrument for the company which fits as per the need of consumer & distributors. ERP provide the quality system, user satisfaction and system usage. It helps in better planning; decision making and increases the overall performance of the organizational performance. Efficient time management is also provided by ERP.

The interaction effect of ad appeal and need for cognition on consumers' intentions to share viral advertisements

AbstractViral advertising has become a popular form of persuasive communication to promote brands on social media. Extant research on viral advertising has focused mostly on evaluating content characteristics as drivers of virality, but very few studies have examined the potential influence of consumers' personality variables that affect their information processing and subsequent ad‐sharing behavior. By taking a consumer‐centric approach, two experimental studies were conducted to examine how consumer's need for cognition (NFC: high vs. low) interacts with message appeal (emotional vs. informational) used in the branded viral advertisements and extent of brand information (high vs. low brand prominence) present in the branded viral advertisement to influence consumers' intentions to share viral advertisements. As compared with low‐NFC individuals, high‐NFC individuals reported higher sharing intentions for viral ads that use informational appeal and also for an emotional viral ad where brand prominence is high. This finding is consistent with the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). Further, the results of these studies show an interesting finding that contradicts the existing understanding originating from ELM; that is, high‐NFC individuals reported higher sharing intentions for viral ads with an emotional appeal as compared with low‐NFC individuals, even when the brand prominence is low. Possible explanations and implications of the findings are discussed in this paper.

Low‐income, low‐asset debtors in the U.S. bankruptcy system

AbstractThe United States' bankruptcy system faces a major problem: many consumers are too poor to file for bankruptcy, usually because they cannot afford the necessary attorney fees. Some consumers appear to spend months trying to save the funds to pay their attorneys, thus either delaying their bankruptcies or foregoing bankruptcy altogether when they fail to save enough money. Others file for repayment bankruptcy in order to pay attorney fees during the case, when liquidation bankruptcy is usually a better fit for consumers with low incomes and low asset levels. The most recent comprehensive bankruptcy reform, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA), exacerbated these problems by implementing additional procedural requirements that resulted in attorneys raising their fees. These problems have led to calls for administrative bankruptcy, especially for low‐income, low‐asset (LILA)/no‐income, no‐asset (NINA) debtors. Administrative bankruptcy would make bankruptcy more accessible by lowering access costs, for example, by eliminating the need for consumers to hire attorneys. Administrative programs in the United States, however, have a history of long‐term decline, especially when these programs serve low‐income people. It has become a cliché that poor people's programs become poor programs. A better solution would be to eliminate the procedural requirements imposed by BAPCPA and simplify the decision consumers must make about which type of bankruptcy to use.

ДОГОВІР КРУЇЗУ ЯК ДОГОВІР ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ПОСЛУГ У ПОРІВНЯННІ ІЗ ДОГОВОРОМ МОРСЬКОГО ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ ПАСАЖИРІВ

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of sea cruise and passenger transportation agreements, the legal regulation of these agreements at the international and national levels. The rights and obligations of the subjects of these agreements, the relevance of the study of this topic in our time are studied. The ratio of the legal organization of the contract of sea cruise and the contract of sea transportation of passengers is carried out. Common and different factors of comparative agreements are investigated. Along with this, the article examines the future priorities for the development of cruise tourism in Ukraine. The study was conducted on the example of existing Ukrainian companies providing cruise services. We considered the priorities and the need to develop cruise tourism based on a number of important factors. The most important of which is the growing demand of the population of Ukraine for cruise services as a type of recreation for tourism. This direction of development is relevant and possible in our country, as Ukraine has several dry rivers, such as the Dnieper and others. The exit of the Dnieper to the Black Sea opens up prospects not only for the creation of cruise tourism at the state level but also for cooperation with other states, as the focus of this agreement is to meet the consumer's need for recreation. For example, the Code of Merchant Shipping distinguishes between a cruise agreement and a contract for the carriage of passengers by sea. It is impossible to completely agree with the opinion expressed in KTM of Ukraine as the cruise contract is not just delivery of passengers from point A to point B, but also rendering of a wide range of thyristic services: food, medical, household, entertaining service product because during the cruise the passenger is not only transported, but also provide a range of services. The major problem and obstacle to the development of these agreements is the fact that in Ukraine there is no clearly regulated legislation that would delimit, regulate cruise tourism activities. Today, sea passenger traffic accounts for a small part of all traffic in Ukraine. This is due to the fact that such modes of transport as rail, road or air are faster, have a developed infrastructure and are able to fully meet the needs of the population in transportation. As for maritime transport, ships are more often used for tourist, cruising, is have a so-called cruise function.

Coconut Oil, Conservation and the Conscientious Consumer

Consumption has consequences, and conscientious consumers increasingly seek sound guidance to reduce their impact. Objective guidance is, however, rarely available. A case in point is coconut production which is generally considered to have low environmental impact. We demonstrate that for one impact measure of all major oil crops — threatened species per volume produced — coconut, together with maize, affect far more species than all other major oil crops, including palm oil. Our analysis indicates that the public discourse about crop impact is distorted. What ethical consumers need is unbiased information based on transparent and objective measures that address multiple concerns, costs and impacts, and allow fair comparisons between products.

Factors that impact farmers’ engagement in local food brand development

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore farmers’ intentions to engage in food brand development schemes and identify the factors that impact this.Design/methodology/approachBy assuming the utility maximization behavior of farmers, based on data collected from 539 fruit and vegetable producers, this study estimates an intention to participate and a willingness to pay model.FindingsThree groups of factors determine the utility the farmers derive and subsequently their engagement in brand development. Farm business characteristics include farmers’ age, the attainment of quality certification and cultivated area, while psychological factors include farmers’ attitudes toward local reflections of the brand, perceptions regarding the need for farm business external support and consumers’ interest, as well as farmers’ commitment to quality requirements. Farmers’ strategies related to the share of products sold by cooperatives and to individually use the brand also determine their engagement in a brand development scheme.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should distinguish producers according to the marketing channel they choose and their industry, and explore the intentions of intermediate marketers.Practical implicationsMarketing cooperatives should undertake initiatives to develop local brands effectively, taking into consideration the factors that impact farmers’ engagement, while food marketing firms should properly adapt their purchasing and promotion strategies. Public authorities should formulate a policy mix that enhances farmers’ knowledge related to marketing issues and encourages farmers to strengthen their positions in the marketplace.Originality/valueThe research reveals a strategic proactive behavior of farmers favoring the development of local brands, and provides insights into the factors that impact farmers’ adoption decisions.

Beyond Platform Economy: A Comprehensive Model for Decentralized and Self-Organizing Markets on Internet-Scale

The platform economy denotes a subset of economic activities enabled by platforms such as Amazon, Alibaba, and Uber. Due to their tremendous success, more and more offerings concentrate around platforms increasing platforms’ positional-power, hence leading towards a de-facto centralization of previously decentralized online markets. Furthermore, platform models work well for individual products and services or predefined combinations of these. However, they fall short in supporting complex products (personalized combinations of individual products and services), the combination of which is required to fulfill a particular consumer need, consequently increasing transaction costs for consumers looking for such products. To address these issues, we envision a “post-platform economy”—an economy facilitated by decentralized and self-organized online structures named Distributed Market Spaces. This work proposes a comprehensive model to serve as a guiding framework for the analysis, design, and implementation of Distributed Market Spaces. The proposed model leverages the St. Gallen Media Reference Model by adjusting existing and adding new entities and elements. The resulting multidimensional and multi-view model defines how a reference Distributed Market Space (a) works on the strategic and operational levels, (b) enables market exchange for complex products, and (c) how its instances might unfold during different life stages. In a case study, we demonstrated the application of our model and evaluated its suitability of meeting the primary objectives it was designed for.

NILAI KONSUMEN WISATA DALAM RUANG PROMOSI DIGITAL

Abstract
 Consumer value is the basic fundamental of marketing communications. Promotional materials on media have to consider the value of consumer expectations, wishes, experiences, and perceptions. This means the product or service has to interact with consumers (need, expectation, experience, and perception). The emergence of new media becomes an alternative for marketers to promote goods or services to their target market. But the emergence of this new media in addition to being an opportunity also becomes a challenge in presenting the best consumer value. The purpose of this research is to find out the ways of creating the value of local tourism on social media. The researcher chooses the official account of Twitter of Government Tourism and Culture Office of West Java as an object of research. The focus of this research is promotional content on the official account of Twitter and consumer value creation. This research is content analysis. The purpose of this research is the identification of the value and effort of tourism, consumer value creation, especially on social media. The output of this research is patterns of consumer tourism, value-creation. Consumer value creation is not applied in visual and textual comprehensively. In addition, based on the content of this account, the local tourist is as the main target market. The values in this account are created for local tourists and not for international tourist.
 
 Keywords: consumer value, tourism, tourism marketing.

Food Information Requirements of the Indian Consumers

Because of increase in the complexity of the food supply chain, there is information asymmetry in the food industry. But, in other hand, due to increase in concern over health, sustainability, local production, genetically modified crops and welfare issues, there is increase in concern of consumers regarding food information. Similarly, food information has direct implication to food safety. Although nutritional labelling is common in India, there exist knowledge gap about the actual informational need of the Indian consumers regarding the food they are consuming. This paper using the primary data collected through the structured web questionnaire tries to explore what information are required by the Indian consumers regarding the food and calculates their average willingness to pay for food with higher information. Survey was conducted in the month of March-April, 2019. A total of 514 valid responses were considered in the study. It was found that maximum number of consumers are willing to know more about chemical used at any stage, followed by production and marketing information and dietary health restrictions, respectively. It is found that Indian consumers at an average willing to pay 11.06% more for food with higher level of food information, than ordinary food. This research is valuable for future research on food information and various authorities to make policies regarding food information.

Design of Production-Based Entrepreneurship Technology Training Model to Improve the Skills of Engineering Students

The high unemployment rate of engineering graduate students in higher education contributes to the increasing need for employment and the high number of job seekers in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Need solutions from this case, especially how engineering students in higher education provide alternative applied solutions that can be implemented. Entrepreneurship technology training is an alternative solution for engineering students in higher education. This study aims to design a model of production-based entrepreneurship technology training to improve the skills of engineering students in higher education. To produce a production-based entrepreneurship technology training model, four stages of development research are carried out: 1) Define; 2) Design; 3) Develop; and 4) Disseminate. This paper is limited to, the design stage of a production-based entrepreneurship technology training model. A sample of 550 students took entrepreneurship technology courses in higher education in Padang, Indonesia. Data collection instruments in the form of questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions. The results of this preliminary study are the framework of a production-based entrepreneurship technology training model consisting of five phases, namely, phase 1) Analysis of Entrepreneurial Material and Consumer Needs; phase 2) PIKEN: Evaluation of Student Entrepreneurship Competencies; phase 3) Designing a Business Start Up; phase 4) Formulation of Production-Based Business Plan; phase 5) Online Store Collaboration and Evaluation. This production-based entrepreneurship training model is expected to help reduce the unemployment rate of tertiary education graduates, especially vocational education graduates and students can survive with their entrepreneurial competencies.

Online retailers’ return policy and prefactual thinking

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how return policies from online fashion retailers from different countries (USA, China and Western European) support consumer need for uncertainty avoidance and lower negative prefactual thinking in two different markets: China and USA. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of eight international online fashion retailers’ return policies in both the China and USA markets was conducted. Findings US, Chinese and Western European online fashion retailers have more detailed return policies in the USA market compared to the China market. The results also indicate that US, Chinese and Western European online fashion retailers are more inclined to offer lenient return policies in the USA market which helps to lower consumer perceptions of uncertainty and negative prefactual thinking. Practical implications Exploring online retailers’ return policies and how retailers respond to consumers’ level of comfort with uncertainty and tendencies to engage in negative prefactual within the context of different cultural markets offer valuable insight into standard retail practices necessary to retain profitability. Despite the perception of a “global” marketplace, nonstandardization of customer service is found. Originality/value Although the ability of online retailers to reach global markets has increased, few scholars have studied return policies within different cultural contexts. This study focuses on return policy as a major influencer of prefactual thinking by reducing anticipated regret and increasing online purchase intention in a global cultural context. The research is not only beneficial to managers who seek to increase the profitability through globally strategic implementation of return policies but also contributes to the consumer regret and risk literature.