Consumer Education Research Articles

Cannabidiol (CBD) Products: Use Patterns and Perceptions Within a Sample of Anxious Users

Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD) shows promise for a variety of indications, including anxiety. Prior survey work indicates anxiety ranks as a top reason for which people use cannabidiol (CBD), but no work has evaluated individuals using CBD specifically for anxiety. Method The current study evaluated CBD product use patterns and perceptions within a sample of 81 participants (Mage = 32.63, SDage = 12.99) who reported using CBD products for anxiety-related concerns within the past 30 days. Results Family and friends, followed by popular and scientific literature, were the most common sources informing participants’ decision to use CBD products to target anxiety. On average, participants reported using CBD products daily for at least a year and indicated it was very effective in targeting anxiety-related symptoms. The top three ranked symptoms improved by CBD products were subjective anxiety, difficulty falling asleep, and irritability. These findings were despite the fact that the most frequent dosing levels (∼50mg) were well below those empirically observed to yield anxiolytic effects. Most participants denied side effects, adding to the literature supporting CBD products’ safety and tolerability. Finally, participants were generally poorly informed about the nature of CBD products (e.g., distinction from THC), suggesting a need for consumer education. Conclusion Collectively, the current study extends prior survey work suggesting powerful expectancies about CBD products, particularly in terms of anxiety reduction, including among those using it to target anxiety-related symptoms. Findings also highlight the importance of addressing the gap between scientific and consumer knowledge.

State Requirements for Non-Medical US Cannabis Retail Personnel.

In September 2023, we examined requirements for budtenders working in nonmedical dispensaries in the 20 states with active non-medical cannabis markets. Two coders extracted data from each state's licensing board and/or governmental websites. The age requirement for budtenders was ≥21years old ( n =17) or ≥18 ( n =3). Most states ( n =16) required background checks; 10 specified felony convictions preventing employment, 5 allowed the Department to determine eligibility, and 2 allowed petitions upon denial. Twelve states required fingerprinting. There were application fees ($25-$300) in 13 states. Structured training was required in 7 states, while 5 states required employee training. Given the diverse budtender requirements, the evaluation of budtender standards is essential to assess the impacts of training on regulatory compliance and consumer education, and of application costs and conviction-based employment restrictions on social equity. This must inform the development of effective regulations and enforcement protocols, as well as and how to promote equity in cannabis regulations.

Transition to green mobility: a twin investigation behind the purchase reasons of electric vehicles in the Indian market

Purpose The study aims to fulfil two objectives, namely, to explore what dimensions comes into play in the current consumer EV purchase behaviour based on relevant literature identified in the past and to find out whether there are other reasons that are peculiar to the Indian automobile market which influenced consumers to adopt this eco-friendly technology. Design/methodology/approach Mixed method approach for collecting the primary data was used. The study was conducted in five cities across India, through a questionnaire administered to 266 existing EV owners using judgemental sampling, that included dimensions as to what made them purchase EVs (any variant whether hybrid or battery) and encouraged their green behaviour. Moreover, the survey also took care of gathering other motivational constructs that may have played a significant role in the Indian EV market. To take care of this, use of single open-ended question was done. Statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) version 4.0 were performed to gain meaningful insights from this investigation. Findings Based on our analysis, EV purchase behaviour in the Indian market could be explained by six configurational paths identified in conceptual framework of this study. The data analysed revealed long-term operational benefits or relative advantages, trialability or prior driving experience and positive attitude towards EVs playing an important role towards EV purchase decision followed by environmental concern, social norms and personal values of Indian consumers. Besides, several other factors were identified in open comments like favourable government policies, brand consciousness, compatibility and functional benefits in terms of comfortable and noiseless driving which tend to drive the decision of Indian consumers towards buying EVs. The identification of these motivations can help policymakers in targeting the customer market accordingly. Research limitations/implications Although the study is restricted by its scope of sampling criteria, yet is distinct in its methodological approach and thereby adds value to existing literature on marketing and diffusion of EVs. The study explores the untapped gap in the current literature by helping identify reasons on the basis of which consumers made their choices of different EVs. Instead of analysing the potential antecedents of EV uptake, the study brings to light the actual reasons of EV purchase behaviour in the context of an emerging economy like India. That is to say, the horizon of EV motivations spans across technological, individual and regulatory attributes in the Indian automobile market. Practical implications This study is relevant and fulfils the underlying gap in the existing literature related to actual motivations that consumers look for before buying a high involvement product such as EVs. The results can be beneficial for marketers to design effective marketing strategies from the perspective of consumers. Promotional strategies addressing ease of using EVs and how battery technology is better than before needs to be clearly communicated by the marketers. Consumer education is necessary, in this regard, to make people aware of the rising air pollution levels. They have to be made understood the real advantages of owning EVs and how these non-conventional vehicles are far better when compared to traditional cars. In a nutshell, the study underscored potential determinants or reasons that made Indian consumers to go for EVs, based on statistically significant evidences which can be crucial for stakeholders operating in the Indian EV industry. Social implications The study has important implications for members of the community. By sacrificing their egoistic tendencies or individual preferences for energy intensive products such as ICE based vehicles, people can imbibe altruistic orientation and can contribute to the collective benefit of all by shifting towards energy rich vehicles powered by electricity. This is necessary to achieve the broader goals of sustainable development and to curtail the rising climate change phenomenon. Originality/value The study applied both quantitative (deductive) and qualitative (inductive) approach to study into the reasons for consumers’ purchase motivations towards electric cars. Taking a distinct methodological approach, the study enhances the knowledge on EVs by asking consumers to comment in their own words as to why they purchased EVs. This was necessary so as to better explore the needs of the Indian automobile market and which factors govern the purchase of EVs in domestic market. Past literature majorly focused on purchase intention towards EVs but this study in unexampled and analysed the purchase behaviour towards EVs. It should be noted that our investigation reveals the complexity of EV purchase reasons than those identified in past literature and it adds to the current pool of literature on EVs by explaining factors with unrivalled illustrative power.

The Impact of the Sharing Economy on Traditional Hospitality Models

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to examine the impact of the sharing economy on traditional hospitality models. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the sharing economy on traditional hospitality models. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the sharing economy, exemplified by platforms like Airbnb, significantly disrupted traditional hospitality models, particularly affecting mid-tier and budget hotels with declines in revenue and occupancy. Luxury hotels, however, maintained resilience through brand reputation and superior services. It highlighted the importance of adaptive regulatory frameworks to ensure fair competition and consumer protection. The study recommended that traditional hotels innovate by embracing digital transformation and enhancing personalized experiences. These insights were deemed crucial for industry stakeholders to navigate the evolving hospitality landscape influenced by the sharing economy. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Disruptive Innovation Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory and Institutional Theory may be used to anchor future studies on sharing economy on traditional hospitality models. The study recommended several key actions for theory, practice, and policy to address the impact of the sharing economy on traditional hospitality models. Theoretically, it suggested expanding Disruptive Innovation and Institutional Theories to better understand market dynamics and regulatory influences. Practically, it advised traditional hotels to leverage their unique strengths, embrace digital transformation, form strategic partnerships, and innovate their service offerings to remain competitive. For policymakers, the study emphasized the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks to ensure fair competition and consumer protection. It also highlighted the importance of consumer education on the benefits and risks of different accommodation options. Future research directions included long-term impact studies, regional comparisons, and investigations into socio-cultural effects. Keywords: Sharing Economy, Traditional Hospitality Models, Disruptive Innovation Theory, Institutional Theory, Airbnb, Hotel Industry

A raising alarm on the current global electronic waste situation through bibliometric analysis, life cycle, and techno-economic assessment: a review.

Electronic waste (E-waste) production worldwide is increasing three times faster than the growth of the global population, and it is predicted that the total volume of E-waste will reach 74 million tonnes by 2030. United Nations warned that unless emissions of heat-trapping gases are drastically reduced, humanity will face catastrophic climate change. We created a bibliometric analysis and discussed the life cycle and techno-economic assessments of the current E-waste situation. We found trending E-waste topics, particularly those related to industrial facilities implementing a circular economy framework and improving the recycling methods of lithium-ion batteries, and this was linked to the topic of electric vehicles. Other research themes included bioleaching, hydrometallurgy, reverse logistics, heavy metal life cycle assessment, and sustainability. These topics can interest industrial factories and scientists interested in these fields. Also, throughout techno-economic assessments, we highlighted several economic and investment opportunities to benefit stakeholders from E-waste recycling. While the rate of E-waste is increasing, consumer education on the proper E-waste management strategies, a collaboration between international organizations with the industrial sector, and legislation of robust E-waste regulations may reduce the harmful effect on humans and the environment and increase the income to flourish national economies.

Mitigating Toxic Metal Exposure Through Leafy Greens: A Comprehensive Review Contrasting Cadmium and Lead in Spinach.

Metals and metalloids (hereafter, metal(loid)s) in plant-based foods are a source of exposure to humans, but not all metal(loid)-food interactions are the same. Differences exist between metal(loid)s in terms of their behavior in soils and in how they are taken up by plants and stored in the edible plant tissue/food. Thus, there cannot be one consistent solution to reducing toxic metal(loid)s exposure to humans from foods. In addition, how metal(loid)s are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the human body differs based on both the metal(loid), other elements and nutrients in the food, and the nutritional status of the human. Initiatives like the United States Food and Drug Administration's Closer to Zero initiative to reduce the exposure of young children to the toxic elements cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury from foods warrant careful consideration of each metal(loid) and plant interaction. This review explores such plant-metal(loid) interactions using the example of spinach and the metals cadmium and lead. This review highlights differences in the magnitude of exposure, bioavailability, and the practicality of mitigation strategies while outlining research gaps and future needs. A focus on feasibility and producer needs, informed via stakeholder interviews, emphasizes the need for better analytical testing facilities and grower and consumer education. More research should focus on minimization of chloride inputs for leafy greens to lessen plant-availability of Cd and the role of oxalate in reducing Cd bioavailability from spinach. These findings are applicable to other leafy greens (e.g., kale, lettuce), but not for other plants or metal(loid)s.

The relationships between the multidimensional planned behavior model, green brand awareness, green marketing activities, and purchase intention.

This study investigates the determinants impacting consumer purchasing behavior. Utilizing multidimensional planned behavior theory alongside measures of brand awareness and green brand awareness, this study examines the mediating role of multidimensional planned behavior theory. Empirical data were gathered through a survey conducted among Generation Z university students, yielding 638 responses. Analysis was performed on 590 valid responses. Findings indicate that green marketing initiatives and green brand awareness positively influence consumers' purchase intentions. Subdimensions of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), namely, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, serve to strengthen these relationships and mediate the interaction process. This study contributes novel insights to the burgeoning field of green marketing literature, offering a structural model for firms and policymakers. It suggests that companies can effectively engage in informal consumer education through green marketing efforts, thereby influencing consumers' purchasing decisions via planned behavior. Moreover, such activities foster an increase in consumers' green brand awareness, providing companies with an opportunity to promote conscious consumer behavior. The study's utilization of the TPB is both timely and original, particularly in its alignment with the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

NON-FORMAL EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN TRENDS

In the modern world, specialists’ success depends on their ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions in their lives and professional activities. Non-formal education is one of the ways to adjust educational trajectories to ensure continuous and flexible development tailored to learners’ individual needs and interests. This paper describes the findings of a study on the non-formal education model in higher education institutions. The study aims to develop a non-formal education model considering a three-element interaction: student, university, and external environment. Analytical and statistical information processing methods were used to review references and determine the needs of internal and external non-formal education consumers. The study’s findings justify the integration of non-formal education concepts into a traditional education system, that is, ensuring free academic activity, expanding learning options and trajectories, personal development, and forming a constantly growing need for acquiring knowledge and new competencies. Another result of the study is the identification of the key elements of non-formal education and the possibilities for its integration into the higher education system. The map of requests of each educational process participant has been made and some ways of non-formal education implementation have been shown in the example of NPJSC D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University experience. The scientific and practical significance of the paper lies in a comprehensive overview of non-formal education scientific and educational potential, and a presentation of mechanisms for creating an educational environment to facilitate learners’ self-organization and self-development

Enhancing consumer protection in cryptocurrency transactions: Legal strategies and policy recommendations

Enhancing consumer protection in cryptocurrency transactions presents a critical challenge due to the decentralized and often opaque nature of the cryptocurrency market. This abstract explores the legal frameworks and mechanisms aimed at safeguarding consumers engaging in cryptocurrency transactions, focusing on key issues, challenges, and recommendations for improvement. Consumer protection in cryptocurrency transactions is a pressing concern due to the prevalence of fraud, hacking, and market manipulation. The lack of regulatory oversight and the pseudonymous nature of transactions make it challenging for consumers to seek recourse in cases of fraud or misconduct. To address these challenges, legal frameworks have been developed at both national and international levels. At the national level, some countries have implemented consumer protection laws that apply to cryptocurrency transactions, such as requiring exchanges to comply with anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) regulations. However, the effectiveness of these laws is limited by the global nature of the cryptocurrency market and the difficulty in enforcing regulations across borders. Internationally, organizations like the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) have issued guidelines to combat money laundering and terrorist financing in the cryptocurrency sector. These guidelines recommend that countries implement AML and KYC measures for cryptocurrency exchanges and wallet providers. While these recommendations are a step in the right direction, implementation remains a challenge, particularly in countries with limited regulatory capacity or political will. To enhance consumer protection in cryptocurrency transactions, several recommendations can be considered. These include increased collaboration between regulators and industry stakeholders, the development of international standards for consumer protection in cryptocurrencies, and the establishment of a regulatory framework that balances innovation with investor protection. Additionally, consumer education and awareness campaigns can help individuals make informed decisions when engaging in cryptocurrency transactions. In conclusion, enhancing consumer protection in cryptocurrency transactions requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses regulatory gaps, promotes international cooperation, and empowers consumers through education and awareness. By implementing these recommendations, policymakers and industry stakeholders can work together to create a safer and more transparent cryptocurrency market.

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Safe Disposal of Unused and Expired Medications among Stakeholders

Medicines play a crucial role in treating many diseases and medical conditions. Most of the medicine users are unaware of disposal practices of unused/expired medicines. These are potentially toxic substances that should be managed effectively to avoid accidental consumption and possible environmental hazards. The study conducted across Mysuru city aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the disposal of unused and expired medicines among stakeholders such as pharmacy students, doctors, nursing students, professors, housekeeping staffs and general population. A total of 150 participants have completed the survey. According to the survey, 70.38% of the general public, 60% of doctors, and 76.5% of students were unaware of proper drug disposal methods. Out of 150 responders, 90 (91.83%) students, 10 (100%) physicians, 14 (93.33%) academics, and 24 (88.89%) members of the general public agreed that inappropriate medicine disposal affected both human health and the environment. Majority of the stakeholders had leftover/unused medications at home. The most common reason for drug accumulation was improved health. The most common drug disposal practice was throwing in trash bin followed by distributing them to friends and family. 85.2% of stakeholders agreed that a drug take-back program should be introduced and 94% agreed that consumer education is necessary for safe disposal of unused medicines. The results showed poor knowledge and awareness about proper disposal methods leading to drug accumulation.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran I Phone Inter dan I Phone Resmi di Kota Surabaya

The research aims to understand market dynamics, identify advantages and disadvantages of official iPhone Inter and iPhone, and formulate effective marketing strategies to increase official iPhone sales in Indonesia. The study uses qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and targeted group discussions to gain insight into perceptions, preferences, and factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions. Research results show that the smartphone market in Indonesia is heavily influenced by price sensitivity and consumer awareness of warranty and after-sales service. The iPhone Inter attracts consumers because of its cheaper price, although without official warranties and reliable after-sales service, while the official iPhone is more in demand by consumers who value quality assurance and trusted technical support. The study found a gap in consumer understanding of the risks and benefits of each category of iPhones. Therefore, marketing strategies for official iPhones should focus on consumer education about the risks of buying an iPhone Inter and the benefits of purchasing an official iPhone. Marketing campaigns that emphasize quality, authenticity, and after-sales support, as well as increased accessibility and financing variations for official iPhones, are expected to change consumer perceptions and encourage them to choose official products. With the right approach, Apple and its distributors can strengthen the official iPhone position in the Indonesian market, reduce the iPhone Inter market share, and win competition in this competitive market. Based on these findings, the study recommends marketing strategies that focus on consumer education about the risks of purchasing an iPhone Inter and the benefits of buying an official iPhone, as well as improved after-sales services to strengthen the official iPhone position in the Indonesian market.

Regulatory Compliance of Cosmetic Products in Kenya: A Narrative Review on Quality and Safety

This study reviews the regulatory compliance of cosmetic products in Kenya, with a focus on consumer risks and potential public health impact. A narrative review study design was employed and a literature search was conducted using government reports, publications, academic databases, and other relevant sources. Keywords such as cosmetic industry challenges and cosmetic regulation in Kenya were employed to search the literature for papers. Data focusing on regulatory frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, adverse reactions, and industry challenges was then extracted and discussed in the form of a narration. The growth of the cosmetic industry, fueled by urbanization, a rising middle class, and increased grooming awareness, has attracted both local and international investors, presenting challenges in maintaining product quality and safety standards. Seven cases of adverse reactions related to cosmetics were reported by Pharmacy and Poisons Board between 2018-2023. The current study identifies noteworthy challenges by examining Kenya’s regulatory framework, led by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board and the Kenya Bureau of Standards. Enforcement disparities within international standards, variance in regulations on prohibited ingredients, inconsistent labeling requirements, industry dynamics, and counterfeiting, compounded with the complex nature of safety assessments raise concerns for cosmetic regulators, distributors, and manufacturers. The study highlights existing gaps in regulatory oversight emphasizing the necessity of robust enforcement mechanisms. Compliance assessments by KEBS and PPB encompass the evaluation of ingredients, formulations, microbial contamination, packaging, and labeling. Factors contributing to regulatory noncompliance include poor product quality aggravated by supply chain complexities in the vast and diverse sector. The cosmetic cottage industry inadvertently presents a quality risk to consumers due to limited process and testing capacity. Reported adverse reactions, particularly to mercury-containing skin-lightening products, raise concerns about public health implications. This study advocates for continuous product monitoring and heightened vigilance. The review proposes improvement strategies, emphasizing a dynamic regulatory approach, periodic ingredient reviews, a centralized product approval system, and alignment with global manufacturing standards. Targeted consumer education initiatives focusing on product quality attributes, adverse reaction reporting, label reading, and counterfeit awareness are recommended.

Canada's THC unit: Applications for the legal cannabis market

The legalization of cannabis in Canada has accelerated the need for a standardized approach to measuring and communicating the amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis products. This article offers an overview of the considerations associated with establishing and implementing a standard THC unit in the Canadian context. The article begins by discussing the applications of a standard THC unit, emphasizing its potential use in product labelling, consumer education, and product reporting and surveillance. The article then examines key considerations for identifying what a Canadian THC unit should be set at, specifically within the context of a country with a regulated commercial cannabis market. This is followed by a discussion of additional considerations related to the adoption of a Canadian THC unit, including its use across various product formats and modes of administration. A significant focus of this article is on prioritizing public health and safety and informed decision-making among adult consumers as the legal cannabis market evolves. Collaboration among various stakeholders, such as government agencies, industry, and public health professionals, is highlighted as crucial for a successful transition to the use of Canada's THC unit.

CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS AND PURCHASING TRENDS OF ECO-FRIENDLY TEXTILE PRODUCTS IN THE U.S. MARKET

The textile industry is undergoing a remarkable transformation due to the global push towards sustainability. This research explores consumer perceptions and purchasing trends regarding eco-friendly textile products in the U.S. market. A structured survey was conducted among 1,000 adult U.S. consumers to identify key factors influencing purchasing decisions and provide insights into the textile industry. The findings reveal broadly positive consumer perceptions of eco-friendly textiles, driven by environmental awareness, social responsibility, and health considerations. However, challenges remain regarding affordability and availability, limiting widespread adoption. Different consumer segments—Green Enthusiasts, Pragmatic Purchasers, and Skeptical Shoppers—require tailored strategies to address their unique preferences and barriers. Recommendations include investing in sustainable supply chains to reduce production costs, collaborating with certification bodies to build consumer trust, and leveraging digital platforms for consumer education. Future research directions include exploring shifts in sustainability perceptions due to COVID-19, comparative studies across generations, and global market analysis to uncover cultural influences on sustainable fashion.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE PURCHASES

In the complicated healthcare environment of today, obtaining health insurance is essential to guaranteeing both financial stability and access to high-quality medical care. However, there are still many unknowns when it comes to consumer behaviors while choosing health insurance, which affects market dynamics and decision-making procedures. By combining knowledge from the fields of economics, psychology, marketing, and public policy with a thorough investigation of consumer behaviors in the healthcare insurance market, this study seeks to close these gaps. The research attempts to elucidate the elements influencing decision-making, the complexities of choosing insurance, and the implications for market dynamics, consumer welfare, and policy development through theoretical investigation, empirical analysis, and practical implications. Important conclusions highlight the need for focused marketing and governmental interventions by revealing the intricate interactions between social, marketing, and personal aspects in decision-making. The study emphasizes how crucial decision support tools and consumer education are to enhancing consumer comprehension and decision-making. Furthermore, it highlights how important it is to have regulatory frameworks that support competition, consumer welfare, and market efficiency that are based on a deeper understanding of consumer behaviour. Through the utilisation of these insights, interested parties can endeavor to establish a healthcare insurance market that is reasonably priced, easily accessible, and adaptable to the various requirements of people and communities, guaranteeing access to top-notch medical care while upholding financial stability. Key Words: health insurance, consumer behaviours, decision-making, market structure, policy formulation, safety of consumers, regulatory frameworks, affordability, access, quality care.

Generational Differences in Sustainable Consumption Behavior among Chinese Residents: Implications Based on Perceptions of Sustainable Consumption and Lifestyle

To deal with the challenges posed by generational differences in China’s sustainable consumption transition, this study’s pioneers using a mixed-methods approach with data mining and literature research to classify Chinese residents into four generations based on the sustainable consumption perspective. We developed a conceptual model of generational differences and conducted an empirical study using structured interviews with a multi-stage random sampling approach. The results highlight significant differences and distinct influencing mechanisms among the four generations regarding perceptions of sustainable consumption, lifestyle, and sustainable consumption behavior. Based on this, multi-generational differentiated green marketing strategies, green product development and green marketing practices, as well as consumer education systems and strategies for stakeholders including the government, enterprises, and society are proposed. The findings contribute to advancing theoretical perspectives in sustainable consumption research, serving as a valuable reference for sustainable consumption research worldwide.

Consumer Awareness and Willingness Level at Banlat Gas Stations Regarding Biofuel Act: Bases for Sustainable Energy Transition and Education Strategies

In the pursuit of sustainable energy practices, the study focuses on assessing the awareness and willingness of selected respondents at 11 well-known gas stations in Banlat regarding the Biofuel Act. Against the backdrop of global efforts to mitigate environmental impact and promote renewable energy sources, understanding consumer perspectives becomes paramount. This study aims to shed light on the intricate interplay between consumer awareness, demographic characteristics, and their willingness regarding the Biofuel Act. Using a quantitative research approach with 440 respondents sampled through quota sampling, the study examines the demographic profile (age, education, socio-economic status). Findings show most respondents are aged 23–44, with bachelor’s degrees, and from the lower-middle-income bracket. While awareness of the Biofuel Act is low ("Slightly Aware"), there's notable willingness ("Somewhat Willing") to support it. There's a weak relationship between demographic factors and awareness, except for education level, which has a moderate impact, suggesting higher education correlates with greater awareness. Similarly, demographic factors show weak correlation with willingness. These insights are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to refine consumer education strategies and promote sustainable energy practices.

The Impact of Consumer Credit on Household Education Investment — Empirical Research Based on CHFS Data

This article employs the 2019 China Household Finance Survey data to empirically investigate the impact of consumer credit on household education investment. The research reveals that an increase in consumer credit significantly boosts household education investment. Furthermore, the study examines the mechanisms through which consumer credit influences this investment, identifying that it operates by affecting household consumption and total expenditure. The effects are particularly pronounced in households that are risk-averse and have higher incomes. This article offers fresh insights into the interplay between consumer credit, household consumption, and education investment, thereby suggesting new avenues for research on household education investment.

Evaluation of Novel Food Additives on Product Acceptability in France

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the evaluation of novel food additives on product acceptability in France. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: This study evaluating novel food additives on product acceptability in France, it was found that natural and organic additives significantly enhanced consumer acceptance. The additives were primarily valued for their perceived health benefits and minimal processing. Taste testing revealed that products with natural flavors and colors were preferred over those with synthetic counterparts. However, there was resistance among certain demographics, particularly older consumers, who showed a preference for traditional flavors. Overall, the study suggests that while novel additives can increase acceptability, consumer education and transparent labeling are crucial for widespread adoption. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of planned behavior (TPB), diffusion of innovations theory & expectancy-value theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the evaluation of novel food additives on product acceptability in France. Implement educational programs that inform consumers about the benefits and safety of novel food additives. Advocate for the development of clearer, more consistent regulatory guidelines for novel food additives to ensure safety and quality across markets.

MARKETING ON WHEY PROTIEN

Whey protein has emerged as a prominent player in the health and fitness industry, recognized for its numerous benefits and versatile applications. This abstract provides an overview of key considerations and strategies involved in the marketing of whey protein products. The marketing of whey protein requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses regulatory compliance, quality control, consumer education, market research, and sustainability practices. Regulatory compliance is essential to ensure adherence to labeling requirements, health claims regulations, and product safety standards across different jurisdictions. Quality control measures play a pivotal role in maintaining product integrity and safety, encompassing raw material testing, manufacturing processes, and finished product testing. Consumer education is critical for dispelling myths and misinformation surrounding whey protein, providing consumers with accurate information about its benefits, usage guidelines, and safety considerations. Market research is indispensable for understanding consumer preferences, identifying market trends, and informing marketing strategies. Sustainability practices are increasingly important considerations, with consumers favoring brands that prioritize ethical sourcing, environmental stewardship, and corporate social responsibility.