Fruit Juice Consumption Research Articles

Intake of 100% Fruit Juice Is Associated with Improved Diet Quality of Adults: NHANES 2013-2016 Analysis.

Fruit intake is generally associated with better diet quality and overall health. This report examined the effect of 100% fruit juice (considered a part of total fruit servings) and its replacement with whole fruits equivalents on nutrient intake and diet quality. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 data (24-h dietary recall) from adults 19+ years (n = 10,112) were used to assess the diet quality and nutrient intakes and to isocalorically replace with 100% fruit juice intakes whole fruit equivalents in a modeling analysis. About 15.6% adults were 100% fruit juice consumers. Consumers had higher diet quality (10% higher Healthy Eating Index, HEI 2015 score), and higher intakes of energy, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin C and vitamin D than non-consumers. Consumption of 100% fruit juice was also associated with lower risk of being overweight/obese (−22%) and having metabolic syndrome (−27%). Replacing 100% fruit juice with whole fruits equivalents did not affect nutrient intake except for a modest increase (+6.4%) in dietary fiber. Results show that 100% fruit juice intake was associated with better diet quality and higher nutrient intake. Replacement of 100% fruit juice intake with whole fruits equivalents had no significant effect on nutrients except for dietary fiber.

Potential health benefits of (poly)phenols derived from fruit and 100% fruit juice.

(Poly)phenol-rich diets have been associated with reduced risk of various diseases. Coffee and tea are typically identified as dietary sources of chlorogenic acid and flavan-3-ols; however, 100% fruit juice greatly contributes to anthocyanin, flavonol, flavan-3-ols, and flavanone intake, making them complementary sources of dietary (poly)phenols. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of fruit (poly)phenols and their potential health benefits. Fruit (poly)phenols have been associated with several health benefits (eg, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive benefits). Although perspectives on 100% fruit juice consumption are controversial due to the perception of sugar content, growing evidence supports the role of fruit in whole and 100% juice forms to provide consumer benefits in alignment with dietary guidance. However, differences in (poly)phenol profiles and bioavailability likely exist between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice due to processing and the presence/absence of fiber. Ongoing studies are better defining similarities and differences between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice to elucidate protective mechanisms and align with processing and consumer products.

Anti-inflammatory activity of grapefruit juice in an in vivo model of ulcerative colitis: Comparability studies of unprocessed and bioprocessed juices

Abstract Citrus fruits are one of the most consumed fruit juice in the world. They are widely accepted for their pleasant and nutritive value. The interest in fruit juice bioactive compounds has increased due to its health benefits, namely protection against inflammatory, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by chronic recurrent ulceration of the bowels. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to study the effect of (un)processed grapefruit juice on biological efficacy, in an in vivo model of induced ulcerative colitis, as model of anti-inflammatory activity. Comparability studies of unprocessed and bioprocessed grapefruit juices were carried out. The juice was processed with co-encapsulated pectinase and rhamnopyranosidase in hydrogels. The co-encapsulation of the enzymes in chitosan plus calcium alginate beads showed a high residual activity (98%), being effective in clarifying grapefruit juice and reducing bitterness (75%). A significant decrease (>80%) on the mice intestine inflammation (p

Role of fruit juice in achieving the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake

Although there is strong evidence that consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a reduced rate of all-cause mortality, only a minority of the population consumes 5 servings a day, and campaigns to increase intake have had limited success. This review examines whether encouraging the consumption of fruit juice might offer a step toward the 5-a-day target. Reasons given for not consuming whole fruit involve practicalities, inconvenience, and the effort required. Psychologically, what is important is not only basic information about health, but how individuals interpret their ability to implement that information. It has been argued that fruit juice avoids the problems that commonly prevent fruit consumption and thus provides a practical means of increasing intake and benefitting health through an approach with which the population can readily engage. Those arguing against consuming fruit juice emphasize that it is a source of sugar lacking fiber, yet juice provides nutrients such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenols that offer health-related benefits. Actively encouraging the daily consumption of fruit juice in public health policy could help populations achieve the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake.

Association between soft drink, fruit juice consumption and obesity in Eastern Europe: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the HAPIEE study.

BackgroundFruit juice and soft drink consumption have been shown to be related to obesity. However, this relationship has not been explored in Eastern Europe. The present study aimed to assess the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between fruit juice, soft drink consumption and body mass index (BMI) in Eastern European cohorts.MethodsData from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe population‐based prospective cohort study, based in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, were used. Intakes of sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB), artificially‐sweetened beverage (ASB) and fruit juice were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Participant BMI values were assessed at baseline (n = 26 634) and after a 3‐year follow‐up (data available only for Russia, n = 5205).ResultsSoft drink consumption was generally low, particularly in Russia. Compared to never drinkers of SSB, participants who drank SSB every day had a significantly higher BMI in the Czech [β‐coefficient = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02–0.54], Russian (β‐coefficient = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.62–2.15) and Polish (β‐coefficient = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.29–1.37) cohorts. Occasional or daily ASB consumption was also positively associated with BMI in all three cohorts. Results for daily fruit juice intake were inconsistent, with a positive association amongst Russians (β‐coefficient = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.28–1.21) but a negative trend in the Czech Republic (β‐coefficient = −0.42; 95% CI = −0.86 to 0.02). Russians participants who drank SSB or ASB had an increased BMI after follow‐up.ConclusionsOur findings support previous studies suggesting that soft drink consumption (including SSBs and ASBs) is positively related to BMI, whereas our results for fruit juice were less consistent. Policies regarding these beverages should be considered in Eastern Europe to lower the risk of obesity.

The Influences of Organic Matter Concentrations in Juices for Pathogen Detection Using Phage-Based Biosensors

Fruit and vegetables are playing an important role of today’s healthy diet. Juices are the liquid extracts from fruit and vegetables, which contain lots of organic matters, such as vitamins, minerals and plant chemicals (phytonutrients). Commercial bottle juices usually contain different percentages of real juices in their juice products. Therefore, the amount of organic matter content in juices are different in various brands of juices. The foodborne pathogen outbreaks through the consumption of fruit or vegetable juices continue to be reported (CDC, 2016). It indicates that pathogens like Salmonella can be packaged with juices even with current manufacture microbial-inactivation process. According to several studies, the acidity in tomatoes juice and the phyto-chemicals (like chlorophyll) from damage leaves in leafy greens samples can affect the sensitivity of pathogen detection in juices. For example, chlorophyll is one of the substances in leafy green juice that inhibits PCR reaction for pathogen detection. This made the pathogen detection in some juices a difficult task to achieve. The phage magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors are wireless sensors, whose resonance oscillation and resonance frequency are actuated and detected through magnetic fields. These biosensors have been shown to be highly sensitive and specific in pathogen detection including Salmonella on various food surfaces or liquids (Li et al., 2010). Therefore, in this study, different concentrations of juices from tomatoes and spinach with artificially spiked Salmonella (at the concentration of 104 cfu/ml) was tested by ME biosensors. The influence of pathogen detection capability was then studied by comparing the bacterial capture rates on biosensors. In tomato juice, the results showed that the capture rate of Salmonella can be reached up to 90.68% by using 100 ME biosensors in a tube rocking experiment with 10% tomato juice content. In spinach juice, the capture rate of Salmonella showed similar results as 90.68% in the same 10% juice concentration. However, when the juice concentration of spinach went up to 15% and 20%, the bacterial capture rate slightly decreased. The Salmonella capture rate were shown as 89.82% and 89.065, respectively. The decreasing of capture rate was obvious by using 50 ME sensors for the 15% and 20% spinach juices. In conclusion, by using 100 phage ME biosensors, the detection platform can detect as high as 89% Salmonella in high juice concentration (15 % and 20%) of both tomato and spinach juice samples. While in the moderate juice concentration zone (5-10%), the ME biosensors show very promising results of detecting 90% Salmonella in both juices.

AVALIAÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE DE FRUTAS E HORTALIÇAS NOS ESTABELECIMENTOS QUE COMERCIALIZAM REFEIÇÕES NA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Objetivos: Descrever a oferta de frutas e hortaliças no ambiente alimentar universitário, além de identificar a presença de propagandas e a disposição das frutas e hortaliças no balcão de distribuição de refeições, e avaliar a qualidade e acessibilidade física e financeira. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo seccional, conduzido em todos os estabelecimentos que comercializavam refeições na universidade, com aplicação de checklist. Resultados: Foram estudados oito estabelecimentos, dos quais, 50% ofereciam frutas e 100% pelo menos um tipo de verdura. 100% ofereciam as frutas in natura, inteiras e/ou em pedaços, e dentre esses, apenas 12,5% a fruta frita. As hortaliças eram oferecidas in natura, cozida e refogada. 100% das frutas apresentaram boa qualidade e 25% dos estabelecimentos apresentaram três variedades com qualidade ruim. Com relação ao preço das refeições ofertadas pelos estabelecimentos destaca-se o Restaurante Universitário por possuir o menor valor da refeição e subsidiado pela universidade. Somente um estabelecimento apresentou propaganda para suco de fruta. Conclusão: O universo de estabelecimentos aqui avaliados, no tocante a oferta de frutas e hortaliças pode facilitar escolhas alimentares saudáveis, porém, considerando todos os estabelecimentos que contemplam o campus analisado, infere-se a predominância de um ambiente não promotor da alimentação saudável.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.37913

Tooth wear among five-year-old children in Jakarta, Indonesia

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tooth wear among preschool children in Jakarta, Indonesia, and examine the risk factors associated with its occurrence.MethodsAn epidemiological survey was conducted with a cross-sectional study design. The participants were recruited via cluster sampling. Tooth wear was clinically assessed by one examiner using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) criteria. The children’s caries experience was also recorded. The parents of the participating children completed a self-administered questionnaire to answer demographic questions about the children and gather information about the children’s diet and oral health behaviors as well as the parents’ dental health-related knowledge. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 752 five-year-old children were invited to participate, with 691 (92%) enrolling in the study. Tooth wear occurred in 23% (161/691, BEWE > 0) of the participants, in which 78% (125/161) had at least one moderate tooth wear status (BEWE = 2). The consumption of citrus drinks, fruit juice, and vitamin C supplement drinks, together with the child’s caries experience, the father’s education level, and the family’s socioeconomic status, were significantly associated with tooth wear.ConclusionsThe five-year-old preschool children in Jakarta had a relatively low prevalence of tooth wear. Those consuming more acidic drinks, those with a higher socioeconomic status, and those with an absence of caries experience had a higher risk of tooth wear.

Turunçgil Flavonoidlerinin Kardiyovasküler Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Ege bölgelerinde yetiştirilmektedir. Üretilen turunçgil meyvelerinin yaklaşık %60’ı taze olarak, %40’ı ise meyve suyu olarak tüketilmektedir. C vitamininin önemli bir kaynağı olmasının yanı sıra posa, folat ve B vitaminleri ile potasyum, kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum, bakır minerallerini içermektedir. Turunçgil meyveleri, polifenolik bileşiklerinden flavonoidlerin de önemli bir kaynağıdır. Flavonoid miktarı, bitkinin türü, konsantrasyonu ve meyvenin bölümlerine göre dağılımı gibi genetik ve çevresel faktörlere bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Son yıllarda turunçgil flavonoidlerinin sağlık üzerindeki potansiyel terapötik etkileri ilgi çekicidir. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve turunçgil flavonoidleri içeren meyve ve meyve suları tüketimi ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalarda bu bileşiklerin lipid düşürücü, insülin duyarlılığını arttırıcı, antihipertansif ve antiinflamatuar etkileri olduğu gözlenmiş ancak etki mekanizmaları net olarak belirlenememiştir. Bu derleme makalede, turunçgil flavonoidlerinin kimyasal özellikleri ve kardiyovasküler sağlık üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri güncel yaklaşımlara göre değerlendirilmiştir.

School Food Policies Related to Soft Drink and Fruit Juice Consumption as a Function of Education Type in Flanders, Belgium.

Recent data on erosive tooth wear (ETW) in Belgium have associated a vocational/technical type of education with ETW risk. Since the role of schools is essential to the promotion of healthy diets, this study aimed to investigate school food policies (SFP) related to soft drink and fruit juice consumption and to detect differences among schools in Flanders, Belgium (BE-F). An online questionnaire related to the control of acidic beverages and promotion of healthy drinking habits was sent to all Flemish secondary schools. For analysis, schools (n = 275) were grouped by type of education (vocational secondary education (VSE) and general secondary education (GSE)), and by socioeconomic status. Multiple factor analyses (MFA) were performed to identify schools with a similar SFP profile. Additionally, descriptive analyses were performed to determine other associations. Overall, 44% of schools in BE-F claimed to have written SFP related to the consumption of soft drinks. SFP expressly prohibiting or limiting acidic beverages were significantly more frequent in GSE schools (p < 0.05), where a higher economic status was present. This study shows that a considerable group of schools in BE-F have no or incomplete rules concerning acidic beverage consumption. Such rules differ between types of education, with VSE schools reporting less control regarding the consumption of drinks.

100% Fruit Juice in Child and Adolescent Dietary Patterns

Objective: Nutritional advice based on strengthening the dietary pattern offers a very different perspective from the reductionist practice of reporting risks or benefits for individual foods.Methods: A healthful dietary pattern can be composed of innumerable different combinations of foods and beverages that collectively and synergistically protect health. Although pure juices lack fiber, juicing retains the majority of health-promoting nutrients and phytochemicals of the whole fruit. Bioactive components of 100% fruit juice have demonstrated positive clinical effects on oxidative markers, inflammation, endothelial reactivity, lipid profiles, hypertension, and platelet aggregation. Fruit juice consumers have higher scores for diet quality. They consume more whole fruit, less added sugar, and greater amounts of vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and fiber-containing foods than non-consumers.Results: Concerns that 100% fruit juice may be associated with childhood weight gain or metabolic consequences have not been supported by recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Juice consumption may be particularly important for the diet quality of lower-socioeconomic-status populations. Over the past 3 decades, as fruit juice intake has fallen substantially, the vacuum has not been filled by a comparable increase in servings of whole fruit, keeping Americans from meeting daily fruit recommendations.Conclusions: Counseling about individual foods without considering their impact on overall diet quality may harm the dietary pattern without discernible health benefits.

Changes in beverage consumption in Canada.

Beverage consumption, especially water, is critical to a healthy diet. The 2007 Canada's Food Guide (CFG) makes specific recommendations regarding the intake of water, fruit juice, milk and energy-dense beverages. Earlier comparisons of 2004 and 2015 dietary data show that changing patterns in beverage intake can explain some of the changes in energy and sugar intake observed in the Canadian population. The objective of this study is to describe any changes in beverage consumption between 2004 and 2015, and how these changes relate to existing recommendations in the 2007 CFG. Data are from the Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition for 2004 and 2015. To estimate any change in the proportion of Canadians consuming a beverage the day before and the quantity consumed, 19 beverage categories were derived using the Bureau of Nutritional Science categories. The CFG classification was used to estimate the relative share of juice intake from total servings of vegetables and fruit, and the intake of milk from milk subcategories. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual intake. Water intake was higher in 2015 than in 2004. Consumption of milk, fruit juice, and energy-dense beverages such as fruit drinks and soft drinks was lower in 2015. Changes in water, soft drink and fruit drink consumption mostly reflect changes in the proportion of Canadians consuming these specific beverages the day before reporting, while changes in milk and fruit juice mostly reflect a change in the quantity consumed. In 2015, the majority of the population was consuming more whole vegetables and fruit than juice, which is in line with 2007 CFG recommendations. Beverage consumption patterns in Canada changed between 2004 and 2015. Some of these changes are in line with recommendations from the 2007 CFG, the food guide that was available at the time of the 2015 survey.

Frequency of Consumption of Whole Fruit, Not Fruit Juice, Is Associated with Reduced Prevalence of Obesity in Korean Adults

BackgroundFruit consumption is known to be beneficial to health. However, the health benefits of fruit juice are controversial due to its high sugar content. ObjectivesTo examine the associations of frequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice with obesity and metabolic syndrome. DesignThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ParticipantsA total of 10,460 adults (4,082 men and 6,378 women) aged 19 to 64 years were included in the study. Main outcome measuresFrequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary sugar intake was calculated using a 24-hour recall. Obesity and abdominal obesity were determined using body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Statistical analyses performedMultiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between frequency of whole fruit or fruit juice consumption and obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. ResultsThe percentage of participants who consumed whole fruit daily was 32.6%, whereas 52.3% consumed fruit juice rarely. The average intake of total sugars was 14.9% of total energy, which was within the recommend range (<20% of total energy) for Koreans. Consuming whole fruit ≥1 time/day was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood pressure compared with consuming whole fruit ≤1 time/wk. However, frequency of fruit juice consumption showed no association with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome. ConclusionsFrequency of whole fruit consumption was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities among Korean adults with average total sugar intake within the recommended range.

Antioxidative activity and health benefits of anthocyanin-rich fruit juice in healthy volunteers

Oxidative cell damage has been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The consumption of foods rich in polyphenols (e.g. anthocyanins) has been shown to exert preventive effects against such diseases. We investigated the biological effects of anthocyanin-rich fruit juice in a 9-week, placebo-controlled intervention study with 57 healthy male volunteers. The study design encompassed an initial 1 week of wash-out, followed by 8 weeks of intervention period with anthocyanin-rich fruit juice or placebo. The anthocyanin-rich fruit juice demonstrated DNA-protective and antioxidant effects; however, the placebo beverage, rich in vitamin C, showed similar effects based on the tested biomarkers. A significant reduction in background and total DNA strand breaks was observed in both groups within 24 h as well as after 8 weeks of intervention. Only anthocyanin-rich fruit juice consumption provided a significant reduction in body fat and an increase in fat-free mass. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly elevated after consumption of anthocyanin-rich fruit juice. Both groups showed decreased levels of LDL and total cholesterol (TC) within the first week of the intervention. Similar results in both groups could be explained by the relatively high vitamin C contents of both beverages (>500 mg/L), which may have masked the effects of anthocyanins and other antioxidants in the studied juice. Taken together, anthocyanin-rich fruit juice as well as the placebo drink, both of which had high vitamin C content, can improve DNA integrity and might influence lipid metabolism in humans.

Prevalence and socio-behavioral factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverages consumption among 15 years and older persons in South Africa.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and its relationship with socio-behavioral factors using national population-based data in South Africa.Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) in 2012. The population sample included 15,179 adults (median age=34.0 years, interquartile range=25, range=15–98 years) who participated in the SANHANES-1.Results: Overall, the study participants consumed 33.9% none, 48.3% 1–3 times, 7.2% 4–6 times, and 10.6% every day soft drinks in the past week (or an equivalent of an average of 0.30 servings, SD=0.3, per day); 43.4% had consumed no sweetened fruit juice, 42.3% 1–3 times, 5.2% 4–6 times; and 9.1% daily sweetened fruit juice (or an equivalent of an average of 0.25 servings, SD=0.3, per day). The prevalence of daily SSB (soft drink and/or sweetened fruit juice) consumption was 16.0% (or an equivalent of an average of 0.54 servings, SD=0.5, per day). In the final logistic regression model, younger age, urban residence, perceived overweight, fruit consumption, fresh fruit juice consumption, and having had processed meat and fried food from street vendors were associated with SSB consumption. In addition, problem drinking and physical activity were associated with daily soft drink consumption, and higher sedentary time was associated with daily sweetened fruit juice consumption.Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of daily SSB consumption and identified several socio-behavioral factors that can be targeted in public health intervention programs.

The Relationship Between Beverage Consumption and Prediabetes in Predominantly Low-Income Hispanic Children (P11-110-19)

ObjectivesPrevious studies have established a strong positive relationship between soda consumption and prediabetes in adolescents and adults; however, the same relationship in children younger than 10 years has not yet been examined. Furthermore, the associations of 100% fruit juice and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption with prediabetes remain elusive. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between prediabetes and beverage consumption (sodas, ASBs, and 100% fruit juice) in predominantly low-income Hispanic 3rd-5th graders. MethodsThis study used baseline data from 793 3rd-5th grade students who participated in TX Sprouts, a cluster randomized nutrition, gardening, and cooking intervention at 16 elementary schools in and around Austin, TX. The following measures were collected at baseline: frequency of soda, ASB, and 100% fruit juice consumption via validated dietary screener, fasting plasma glucose via fasting blood draw, age and sex via questionnaire, height via stadiometer, and weight via TANITA scale. Glucose values of 100–125 mg/dL were categorized as prediabetic based on American Diabetes Association 2018 guidelines. Logistic regression models were run to assess the relationship between beverage consumption and prediabetes, controlling for age, sex, and BMI. ResultsParticipants were 52.4% female and 66.4% Hispanic, with an average age of 9.2 years. The average fasting plasma glucose was 93.3 mg/dL, with 28.5% of students classified as prediabetic. Participants reporting consumption of two or more sodas per day (n = 98) had a 65% higher odds of having prediabetes compared to those reporting no soda consumption on any given day (n = 431) (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.04-2.61; P = 0.035). No significant differences were found in consumption of 100% fruit juice or ASBs with prediabetes status. ConclusionsThis is the first study to show a positive relationship between soda consumption and prediabetes in children younger than 10 years, replicating findings in adolescent and adult populations. This study did not find a relationship between ASB and 100% fruit juice consumption and prediabetes. These results suggest that interventions should focus on reducing primarily soda consumption to potentially reduce prediabetes in pediatric populations. Funding SourcesThis study was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).

Adolescent Beverage Intake in Relation to Actigraphy-assessed Sleep Duration, Timing, and Fragmentation (P18-100-19)

ObjectivesTo examine whether usual beverage intake was associated with sleep timing, duration, and fragmentation among adolescents. MethodsThe study population included 528 Mexico City adolescents enrolled in a longitudinal study. Beverage intake over the last week was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. The following beverage groups were analyzed: milk, sweetened milk, regular soda, coffee/tea, 100% fruit juice, commercial fruit juice with sugar, fruit drink/flavored water with sugar, and plain water. Sleep timing, duration, and fragmentation were assessed with 7-day actigraphy. Overall and sex-stratified linear regression was conducted with sleep characteristics as separate outcomes and quantiles of energy-adjusted beverage intake as exposures, accounting for sex, age, maternal education, physical activity, and smoking. ResultsThe mean age (SD) was 14.4 (2.1) years; 48% were male. The most commonly consumed drinks were water, milk, soda, and fruit juice with added sugar (energy-adjusted mean = 666 (557) mL per day, 360 (278) mL per day, 225 (251) mL per day and 203 (263) mL per day, respectively). In overall regression analysis, soda was associated with later sleep timing; those in the 4th (highest) quartile of soda consumption had a 19 minute later weekday sleep timing than those in the lowest quartile [95% CI 1, 37]. Among boys, milk and water consumption were each associated with longer weekday sleep duration (25 [1, 48] and 26 [4, 47] more minutes, respectively in the 4th compared to the 1st quartile); and higher 100% fruit juice consumption was related to earlier weekday sleep timing (−22 [−28, 1] minutes in the 1st compared to the last quantile; P trend = 0.03). Among girls, soda was associated with higher sleep fragmentation (1.6 [0.4, 2.8] % in the 4th compared to the 1st), and coffee/tea consumption was related to shorter weekend sleep duration (−23 [−44, −2] minutes in the 4th compared to the 1st). ConclusionsHigher soda intake was associated with later sleep midpoint in boys and girls, while other beverages were associated with sleep in a sex-specific manner. Among girls, adverse associations with sleep were observed for caffeinated drinks only, while boys with higher consumption of water, milk, and natural juice had evidence of healthier sleep. Funding SourcesNIH/NIEHS, EPA.

The Moderating Role of Response to a Blood Glucose Challenge in Postprandial Cognition Following Consumption of Milk, Fruit Juice, and Water (FS05-05-19)

ObjectivesResults from recent studies indicate that milk facilitates cognition in children and college students with higher fasting glucose, particularly compared to a beverage higher in sugar (i.e., fruit juice). Although other findings suggest that low-sugar options facilitate cognition in persons with larger glycemic responses to meal or glucose challenges, studies thus far have artificially dichotomized glycemic response measures, a practice that introduces imprecision and decreases statistical power. The present investigation examined postprandial cognition following milk, apple juice, and water among adults, with response to a high-sugar beverage challenge considered as a moderator. We hypothesized that participants who showed a larger glycemic response to a high-sugar beverage (apple juice) would perform better following a low-sugar beverage (2% milk) compared to juice. MethodsForty-four healthy adults attended three morning sessions after fasting overnight. In a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, participants completed baseline cognitive testing (CNS Vital Signs), followed by ingestion of 8 oz of 2% milk, apple juice, or water. Postprandial cognitive testing occurred 30, 90, and 150 min post-ingestion. Plasma glucose was measured pre-consumption, as well as 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after each beverage, with glycemic response assessed as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose. Processing Speed and Executive Function domain scores were analyzed using linear mixed modeling. ResultsAfter adjusting for age and BMI, analyses showed significant Beverage*iAUC*Time interactions comparing water and milk for both Processing Speed (b = 1.11 * 10–4, P = 0.01) and Executive Function (b = 7.00 * 10–6, P = 0.03). For both composites, persons with larger glycemic responses performed better after drinking milk versus water at 30 minutes, while this pattern reversed at 150 minutes. No significant differences were observed overall between apple juice and the other beverage conditions. ConclusionsMilk consumption may acutely (∼30–60 min) facilitate cognitive performance in persons with a larger glycemic response to a high-sugar beverage challenge. However, this pattern appears to reverse as blood glucose returns toward pre-consumption values. Funding SourcesWork funded by the National Dairy Council.

High‐power ultrasound altered the polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in cloudy apple juice during storage

The aim was to investigate the influence of high-power ultrasound treatment (HPU) on polyphenolic stability and antioxidant capacity in cloudy apple juice during 7 days of storage at 4°C. HPU (100 W, 30 kHz frequency) was operated at: (i) amplitude 40 versus 80%, (ii) the probe diameter 7 versus 10 mm, and (iii) treatment time of 3, 6, and 9 min. Total phenols (TP), total flavan-3-ols (TFL), and in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) were determined spectrophotometrically. Findings revealed that HPU significantly decreased TP, TFL, and antioxidant capacity in the samples. However, results indicated that examined sonication parameters, represented as the probe diameter and treatment time, significantly contributed to the stability of TFL. With respect to shelf-life, the greatest stability of both, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, was observed in all un-treated samples, whereas significant lower amounts of TP, TFL, DPPH, and FRAP were found in sonicated samples. Practical applications The global fruit juice market is constantly growing due to the increased consumer preferences toward healthier foods. Consumption of fruit juices, like cloudy apple juice, is a convenient way to get more servings of fruits per day for increased health benefits from dieting. Thermal processing of this juice may negatively influence the nutritive and biological value, so high-power ultrasound technology (e.g., nonthermal processing), could be useful tool to ensure stability during cold storage. Therefore, enhanced phenolic and antioxidant stability obtained with innovative nonthermal approach is directly related with economic and nutritive cost-benefits of industrial processing.

Association of Sugary Beverage Consumption With Mortality Risk in US Adults

Research has linked sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but the role of nutritionally similar fruit juice and the association of these beverages with mortality risk is unknown. To assess the association of SSBs and 100% fruit juices, alone and in combination (sugary beverages), with mortality. This cohort study is a secondary analysis of data obtained from 30 183 participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. The REGARDS study was designed to examine modifiers of stroke risk. Enrollment took place from February 2003 to October 2007, with follow-up every 6 months through 2013. Overall, 30 183 non-Hispanic black and white adults 45 years and older were enrolled in the REGARDS study. Those with known CHD, stroke, or diabetes at baseline (12 253 [40.6%]) and those lacking dietary data (4490 [14.9%]) were excluded from the current study, resulting in a sample size of 13 440. Data were analyzed from November 2017 to December 2018. Sugar-sweetened beverage and 100% fruit juice consumption was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and examined using categories of consumption that align with recommended limits for added sugar intake as a percentage of total energy (TE; <5%, 5%-<10%, and ≥10%) and 12-oz serving increments. All-cause and CHD-specific mortality were determined from cause of death records and family interviews and adjudicated by a trained team. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using regression models. Overall, 13 440 participants had a mean (SD) age of 63.6 (9.1) years at baseline, 7972 (59.3%) were men, 9266 (68.9%) were non-Hispanic white, and 9482 (70.8%) had overweight or obesity. There were 1000 all-cause and 168 CHD-related deaths during follow-up (mean [SD] follow-up, 6.0 [1.8] years). Mean (SD) sugary beverage consumption was 8.4% (8.3%) of TE/d (4.4% [6.8%] TE/d from SSBs; 4.0% [6.8%] TE/d from 100% fruit juice). Among high (≥10% of TE) vs low (<5% of TE) sugary beverage consumers, risk-adjusted HRs were 1.44 (95% CI, 0.97-2.15) for CHD mortality and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.97-1.33) for all-cause mortality. Risk-adjusted all-cause mortality HRs were 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03-1.19) for each additional 12 oz of sugary beverage consumed and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.09-1.42) for each additional 12 oz of fruit juice consumed. In risk-adjusted models, there was no significant association of sugary beverage consumption with CHD mortality. These findings suggest that consumption of sugary beverages, including fruit juices, is associated with all-cause mortality. Well-powered and longer-term studies are needed to inform their association with CHD mortality risk.