Abstract
Fruit intake is generally associated with better diet quality and overall health. This report examined the effect of 100% fruit juice (considered a part of total fruit servings) and its replacement with whole fruits equivalents on nutrient intake and diet quality. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 data (24-h dietary recall) from adults 19+ years (n = 10,112) were used to assess the diet quality and nutrient intakes and to isocalorically replace with 100% fruit juice intakes whole fruit equivalents in a modeling analysis. About 15.6% adults were 100% fruit juice consumers. Consumers had higher diet quality (10% higher Healthy Eating Index, HEI 2015 score), and higher intakes of energy, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin C and vitamin D than non-consumers. Consumption of 100% fruit juice was also associated with lower risk of being overweight/obese (−22%) and having metabolic syndrome (−27%). Replacing 100% fruit juice with whole fruits equivalents did not affect nutrient intake except for a modest increase (+6.4%) in dietary fiber. Results show that 100% fruit juice intake was associated with better diet quality and higher nutrient intake. Replacement of 100% fruit juice intake with whole fruits equivalents had no significant effect on nutrients except for dietary fiber.
Highlights
Increased fruit and vegetable consumption are associated with a reduced risk of CVD, diabetes and stroke, and their low intake is linked with poor health and increased risk of chronic diseases [1,2,3,4,5].Fruits and vegetables are important sources of a number of key nutrients, including K, Mg, dietary fiber, folate, and vitamins A and C, and an array of bioactive substances [1,6,7,8]
Adult consumers of 100% fruit juice were older, and had lower body mass index (BMI) compared to non-consumers (P < 0.05)
In the present analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 using the most recent nationally representative sample of US adults, 100% fruit juice consumption was associated with better nutrient intake and better diet quality, and replacing 100% fruit juice with whole fruits equivalents resulted in only a limited impact on nutrient intake, except for a small increase in dietary fiber
Summary
Fruits and vegetables are important sources of a number of key nutrients, including K, Mg, dietary fiber, folate, and vitamins A and C, and an array of bioactive substances [1,6,7,8]. Due to their nutritional value, they are consistently recommended by public health authorities globally and increasing their consumption is an important public health goal [9]. Increasing the contribution of fruits to the diets of adults and children is one of the key objectives of Healthy People 2020 [10] Despite these recommendations, there is a huge gap between recommendations and consumption. In 2015, only 12.2% U.S adults (9.2% male and 15.1% females) met fruit intake recommendations and 9.3% adults (7.6% male and 10.9% females) met vegetable intake recommendations [11]
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