Fruit Juice Consumption Research Articles

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Averrhoa carambola terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a very common and serious condition that can lead to or complicate many health problems.Solving this problem by nonpharmacologic, it is needed to bedeveloped, for example with consuming star fruit juice. Star fruit (AverrhoaCarambola) is rich in Vitamin C, and contains high levels of potassium and low in sodium which has the effect of lowering blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the effect of star fruit juice to the reduction of blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. The study used a pre-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design with 10 respondents selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that systolic blood pressure in statistical analysis showed that p=0.000 (p˂ 0.05) means that Hypotheses received or systolic blood pressure between before and after consumption star fruit juice significantly their influence. That the diastolic blood pressure in statistical analysis showed that p=0.001 (p˂0.05), which means that Hypotheses received or systolic blood pressure between before and after consumption star fruit juice significantly their influence.The result is expected to give any benefit for the society and become one of the solutions to treat the hypertension suffers.

Optimization and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Some Trace and Toxic Elements in Canned Fruit Juices Using Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer.

Background: There is increasing concern about the health effects on humans due to continuous consumption of fruit juices contaminated with metals. Objective: Quadrupole inductively coupled mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) was optimized, validated, and applied in routine analysis for determination of As, Pb, Cd, Sb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al, Cr, Sn, Co, Mn, and Ni in fruit juice beverages. Methods: Several validation parameters, such as detection limits (DLs), quantification limits, linearity, accuracy, and measurement uncertainty (MU), were studied under optimized Q-ICP-MS conditions. Results: The method showed that the DLs varied between 0.986 and 68.691 μg/kg, and the quantification limits varied between 20 μg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg. The mean recoveries ± SDs at different spiking levels varied between 74.87 ± 1.03 and 117.61 ± 1.74%. The method trueness was confirmed by using four different certified reference fruit juices purchased from Fapas, and all obtained results were within satisfactory ranges and had acceptable z-score values. The method precision, in terms of relative standard deviation, was below 4.38%. The method uncertainty expressed as expanded uncertainty was found to be ≤21.25%. Conclusions: The results obtained make the method suitable for a precise and accurate determination of these chemical elements in fruit juice beverages at low concentration values. Highlights: A Q-ICP-MS method for element determination in juices was optimized and validated. Validation was based on DL, quantification limits, linearity, accuracy, and MU. Fourteen elements were identified in the validated method.

An exploratory study on the effect of daily fruits and vegetable juice on human gut microbiota.

In order to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of fruit and vegetable juice on the human intestinal microbial community, we compared changes in the gut microbiota and extracellular vesicles in human feces and bowel, and skin symptoms at the baseline and 3weeks post juice consumption of 22 participants. After 3weeks of juice consumption, a significant increase in the richness of microbiota (α-diversity, P < 0.05) was observed. It was accompanied by an abundance in Faecalibacterium (bacterial: from 1.62 ± 0.80% to 2.14 ± 0.72% and extra vesicle: 2.49 ± 1.49% to 6.06 ± 3.07%; P < 0.05 in all cases). At the end of the study period, there were reductions in body weight regardless of sex (P < 0.05) and improvements of the symptoms including diarrhea, constipation, fatigue, and skin problems. Eating fruits and vegetables could help modulate the profile of the fecal microbiota and alleviate bowel and skin troubles, and fatigue.

Association of maternal nutrition with transient neonatal hyperinsulinism.

ObjectiveThe objective was to determine whether maternal nutritional factors are associated with transient neonatal hyperinsulinism (HI).Design and settingCase control study in 4 French tertiary Obstetrics and Neonatology Departments between 2008 and 2015.MethodsSixty-seven mothers of neonates diagnosed with transient hyperinsulinism and 113 mothers of controls were included. The screening for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in neonates was performed because of clinical symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia or in the presence of conventional risk factors (small-for-gestational-age, prematurity, anoxo-ischemia, hypothermia, macrosomia, gestational diabetes). Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was confirmed in the HI neonates and ruled out in the controls. This allowed for comparing maternal nutrition in cases and controls in a context of similar risk factors. One to 2 mothers of control neonates were included per case, and a food frequency questionnaire was addressed to the mothers between day 5 and day 10 after the birth of their newborn.ResultsCrude odds ratio showed that maternal weight gain, abnormal fetal rate, C-section, gender, consumption of fresh cooked vegetables, fresh fruits and fruit juices, low fat diary products, light fat products, and daily bread were significantly associated with hyperinsulinism. Maternal body mass index, hypertension, gestational diabetes, birth weight percentile, gestational age and 5-minute Apgar score were not related to HI. In a multiple backward logistic regression model, consumption of fresh cooked vegetable ≥1/day (OR = 0.33 [0.14–0.77]) and light-fat products ≥1/week (OR = 0.24 [0.08–0.71]) was protective against hyperinsulinism, whereas gestational weight gain >20 kg (OR = 9.5 [2.0–45.5]) and between 15–20 kg (OR = 4.0 [1.2–14.0]), abnormal fetal heart rate (OR = 4.4 [1.6–12.0]), and C-section (OR = 3.4 [1.3–8.9]) were risk factors.ConclusionsA diet rich in fresh cooked vegetable and reduced in fat, together with the avoidance of a high gestational weight gain may be protective against transient neonatal hyperinsulinism.

Consumption of 100% Pure Fruit Juice and Dietary Quality in French Adults: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Survey in the Context of the WHO Recommended Limitation of Free Sugars.

Sugar-containing beverages are often seen as a negative influence on diet quality and body weight control. The present study examines the consumption of 100% fruit juice (FJ) based on a seven-day dietary survey in a representative sample of French adults (n = 1607). About a half of the participants (44%) consumed FJ, most often at breakfast time (60%). Average intake in FJ consumers was 115.6 ± 4.0 mL/day (46.3 ± 1.7 kcal/day). Prevalence of consumption increased with education and income and decreased with age, but no association was observed with body mass index (BMI), physical activity, or smoking. In consumers, FJ brought 2% daily energy and contributed larger proportions of vitamins (B1 7%, B2 3%, B5 5%, B6 6%, B9 10%, C 32%, E 9%, beta-carotene 5%), minerals (magnesium 4%, potassium 7%), and free sugars (19%). FJ consumers ingested more whole fruits, vegetables, and many other foods than non-consumers did. Free sugars represented 11.2% of the daily energy in FJ consumers versus 8.6% in non-consumers. This cross-sectional survey reveals that FJ contributes to diet quality without association with excess body weight. These observations should be confirmed in longitudinal studies. They support the view that contribution to diet quality should be specifically recognized in the context of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended decrease of free sugar intake.

Abstract P222: Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, but Not 100% Fruit Juice, is Associated With Fasting High-density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride Concentrations in U.S. Adults

Introduction: Dyslipidemia, characterized by high triglyceride (TG) and low HDL concentrations, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Decreasing dietary sugar consumption is one dietary modification that may influence dyslipidemia risk to reduce the risk for CVD. Two major sources of dietary sugar in the US are sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and 100% fruit juices, and both can contribute to excess caloric intake. Based on current observational data, there is limited evidence linking these dietary exposures to lipid levels in population-based studies. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that SSB and 100% fruit juices may differentially associate with TG and HDL concentrations in adults due to differences in both beverage consumption patterns and nutrient content. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Framingham Heart Study (1998-2005; n=6,802). Fasting plasma TG and HDL concentrations were measured using standard assays. Consumption of SSB (sodas and fruit drinks; 1 serving = 12 oz.) and 100% fruit juice (1 serving = 8 oz.) was estimated using the Harvard-Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants were grouped by category of intake. Using mixed-effect linear regression models accounting for family structure, we examined the associations between SSB intake and 100% fruit juice intake with TG and HDL concentrations, adjusting for potential confounding factors related to demographics, lifestyle, and diet. Results: After multivariate adjustment for potential confounding factors, SSB intake was positively associated with TG concentrations [ &amp;#946; ± SE: 0.12 ± 0.03 [ln] mg/dl comparing the highest category of intake (median = 8.5 servings/week) with the lowest category (median = 0 servings/day); p for trend &lt; 0.0001] and inversely associated with HDL concentrations ( &amp;#946; ± SE: -2.90 ± 0.69 mg/dl comparing the highest category of intake with the lowest category; p for trend &lt; 0.0001). Fruit juice intake was not significantly associated with TG concentrations [ &amp;#946; ± SE: 0.04 ± 0.02 [ln] mg/dl comparing highest category of intake (median = 11 servings/week) with the lowest category (median = 0 servings/day); p for trend = 0.15] or HDL concentrations ( &amp;#946; ± SE: -0.18 ± 0.60 mg/dl comparing the highest category of intake with the lowest category; p for trend = 0.73). Conclusions: Higher intakes of SSB are significantly associated with lower HDL and higher TG concentrations, which supports dietary recommendations to limit SSB intake. Fruit juice consumption patterns, up to 1.5 servings/day, were not significantly associated with TG and HDL concentrations in this study.

Fruit Juice Supplementation Alters Human Skin Antioxidant Levels In Vivo: Case Study of Korean Adults by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Carotenoids, found in many fruits and vegetables, are antioxidants that protect human skin from UV radiation. In humans, fruit and vegetable intake increases carotenoid contents in skin, which are conventionally assessed by invasive blood tests. In this study, 47 healthy Korean subjects (volunteers) consumed fruit juice containing tomato, apple, strawberry, or grape three times per week for 6 weeks. Skin antioxidant levels were measured by non-invasive resonance Raman spectroscopy. The correlation between skin carotenoid (SC) score with demographic data (age, height, weight) and juice supplementation and changes in SC scores among groups were analyzed. Variations in skin antioxidant levels increased with juice supplementation (p < 0.05). Fruit juice intake was significantly correlated with SC score, indicating increased skin antioxidant levels. Grape and tomato increased skin antioxidant levels and showed higher antioxidant activity than other fruits. Fruit juices containing high levels of carotenoids and antioxidants may provide modest benefits to human health.

Association of 100% fruit juice consumption and 3-year weight change among postmenopausal women in the in the Women's Health Initiative

The association between drinking 100% fruit juice and long-term weight gain is controversial and has been investigated in few studies. We examined whether 100% fruit juice consumption was associated with weight change in a large prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. We analyzed data from 49,106 postmenopausal women in the United States enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative between 1993 and 1998. Food frequency questionnaires at baseline and year 3 assessed food and beverage intake. Body weight was measured at in-person clinic visits. We used linear mixed effects modeling to determine the association between change in 100% fruit juice consumption and 3-year weight change over the same time period. Covariates of interest included age, demographic factors, smoking, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle factors, change in whole fruit intake, and change in sugar-sweetened beverage intake. The mean weight change was 3.2 lbs. over 3 years. In multivariable adjusted analyses, each 1 serving/day increase in 100% fruit juice intake was associated with a 3-year weight gain of 0.39 lbs. (95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.69). In conclusion, an increase in 100% fruit juice consumption was associated with a small amount of long-term weight gain in postmenopausal women.

INFANT FEEDING IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE.

ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the prevalence of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary food for zero to 24-month-old infants.Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study of children aged less than 24 months in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected in 2015, by interviews with people in charge of infant care in the house. The questionnaire administered assessed the sociodemographic status of the family, maternal and infant characteristics and food consumption habits. Survival analysis was used to calculate median prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary feeding. Results: With 180 days of life, 4.0% of the children were exclusively breastfed, 22.4% were mostly breastfed and 43.4% were fed breast milk as complementary food. In the third month of life, children were consuming water (56.8%), fruit juice or formula (15.5%) and cow’s milk (10.6%). At the age of 12 months, 31.1% were consuming artificial juice and 50.0% were eating candies. Before the age of 1 year, 25.0% of them had already eaten instant noodles.Conclusions: The introduction of drinks, honey, sugar and candies as complementary food was found to be premature; and solid and semi-solid foods were almost appropriate. The habits described can directly affect the success of breastfeeding. Given that the inadequate eating practices identified can compromise the infant’s health, actions that promote breastfeeding and provide guidance on the introduction of complementary foods are important.

Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Elements in Commercial Pineapple Juices by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

The consumption of fruit juice in the diet has increased in recent years because it contains mineral food supplements and other essential vitamins. In this study, sugar levels and mineral nutrient concentrations were evaluated in 92 commercial pineapple juice samples from Benin and France using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analysis of the data obtained reveals three ranges of concentrations relative to major elements or macro-elements (Ca, Mg), to minor elements or micro-elements (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn), and to trace elements (Mo, V, Co, Cr). The concentrations of macro-elements and micro-elements (expressed in μg/L) vary from 11333 to 278000 for Mg, 95200 to 788000 for Ca, 536 to 25344 for Mn, 142 to 85612 for Fe, 5 to 253 for Ni, 5 to 1256 for Cu, and from 43 to 25862 for Zn. The trace elements were found in the concentration ranges (expressed in μg/L) of: 0.23 - 12.50 for Vanadium, 0.58 - 17.10 for Cobalt, 1.17 - 58.70 for Molybdenum and finally 4 - 70.5 for Chromium. The sugar levels in the various commercial juices collected in Benin and France vary from 11.0 to 18.5 Brix with an average value of 14.0 Brix. Apart from the heterogeneous nature of the juices produced in Benin production units, mineral and sugar levels were generally in accordance with international standards such as CODEX STAN 182-1993. The transformation of pineapple into fruit juice is a credible alternative for the improvement of pineapple exports, if the marketing strategy is better adapted and the local authorities support the manufacturers of the production chain to improve the quality of juices and highlight their excellent nutritional quality.

Assessment of Contents and Health Risk of Aluminum and Copper through Consumption of Commercial Fruit Juices

Objectives: This study was carried out for analysis of aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) contents. Human health risk assessment of these elements in commercial fruit juices were collected from a market basket in Iran. Methods: In the current study, a total of 48 samples of four popular brands of fruit juices were analyzed for levels of Al and Cu after digestion with acids using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and health index was obtained. Results: The results showed that the mean concentrations (mg/L) of Al and Cu in fruit juices samples were 1.24 and 0.03, respectively. Although, the mean levels of Al in samples were higher than maximum permissible limits (MPL), health risk assessment indicated that there is no potential risk to children and adults by consuming the commercial fruit juice. Conclusions: Since the contents of Al in fruit juice samples with an average of 1.24 ± 0.36 mg/L were relatively higher than the MPL, control of metal-containing pesticides and chemical fertilizers residues in agricultural products and also prohibition of use the package containing a layer of aluminum in production process of the commercial fruit juice is recommended for food safety.

Beverage consumption in Australian children.

While beverages are an important dietary source of water and some essential nutrients, consumption of sweet beverages has increasingly been linked to adverse health outcomes. Currently there is a paucity of longitudinal consumption data on beverage consumption in Australian children. The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children has run biennially since 2004. Twenty four-hour recall data collected over 6 waves from the birth cohort (aged 0-1 year at baseline) was analysed and demographics were assessed for associations. Five thousand one hundred and seven children participated at baseline, with a 71-90% retention of participants at each wave. Water consumption remained consistent with age over time, with more than 90% consuming more than one glass in the last 24-h. Proportions of fruit juice consumers decreased overall. Soft drink and cordial consumer proportions increased from 1% (0-1 year), to 28% (2 years) and 43% (10 years). Between 2 and 10 years, proportions of consumption of full-cream milk decreased by 8% and for skim milk this proportion increased by 51%. High proportions of consumers of soft drink/cordial was significantly associated with older children, males, children with a medical condition, living in a rural area, low socio-economic status and Indigenous Australians. Water consumption remained consistently high across the ages, while fruit juice was commonly introduced into the diet early childhood. While proportions of fruit juice consumers decreased after the age of 2 years, proportions of soft drink consumers increased. The findings from this study should assist with surveillance data and inform policy and interventions aimed at reducing consumption of sweet beverages.

Stability of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of five fruit (apple, orange, grape, pomelo and kiwi) juices during in vitro‐simulated gastrointestinal digestion

SummaryThe in vitro digestive stability of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of five kinds of commonly consumed fruit juices in the daily diet, including apple juice (AJ), orange juice (OJ), grape juice (GJ), pomelo juice (PJ) and kiwifruit juice (KJ), were studied. Following in vitro digestion, the total phenolic (TP) content of fruit juices decreased to different extents by 35%, 25.3%, 23.5%, 22.2% and 7.8% for KJ, OJ, PJ, GJ and AJ, respectively. The individual phenolic content showed similar changes to the TP content, showing reductions of naringenin‐trisaccharide in OJ and PJ, epicatechin in GJ, and chlorogenic acid in AJ by 43.74%, 27.59%, 47.11% and 33.28%, respectively. Conversely, the antioxidant capacity of fruit juices during digestion measured by ABTS assay increased from 4.79% to 35.53%, except in KJ, which decreased by 19.34%. These results show the health benefits of fruit juices after processing and contribute towards establishing suitable dietary recommendations.

Caloric primary rewards systematically alter time perception.

Human time perception can be influenced by contextual factors, such as the presence of reward. Yet, the exact nature of the relationship between time perception and reward has not been conclusively characterized. We implemented a novel experimental paradigm to measure estimations of time across a range of suprasecond intervals, during the anticipation and after the consumption of fruit juice, a physiologically relevant primary reward. We show that average time estimations were systematically affected by the consumption of reward, but not by the anticipation of reward. Compared with baseline estimations of time, reward consumption was associated with subsequent overproductions of time, and this effect increased for larger magnitudes of reward. Additional experiments demonstrated that the effect of consumption did not extend to a secondary reward (money), a tasteless, noncaloric primary reward (water), or a sweet, noncaloric reward (aspartame). However, a tasteless caloric reward (maltodexrin) did induce overproductions of time, although this effect did not scale with reward magnitude. These results suggest that the consumption of caloric primary rewards can alter time perception, which may be a psychophysiological mechanism by which organisms regulate homeostatic balance. (PsycINFO Database Record

Nutrient-extraction blender preparation reduces postprandial glucose responses from fruit juice consumption

Although whole-fruit consumption is regarded as protective against type 2 diabetes (T2DM), conventionally prepared fruit juice is associated with increased T2DM risk, and current public health advice recommends its restriction. ‘Nutrient extractor’ style blenders are increasing in popularity worldwide as an alternative means of juicing fruit, but little is known about their effect on postprandial glucose levels. The current study investigated the effect of nutrient extraction on postprandial blood glucose response and glycemic index (GI) compared with a glucose control for both mixed fruit and a high GI fruit (mango). Remarkably, consumption of nutrient-extracted mixed fruit resulted in a significant lowering of the GI (32.7±8.5) compared with whole mixed fruit (66.2±8.2, P<0.05). For the high GI mango, there were no differences between nutrient-extracted and whole fruit, indicating that even for a high GI fruit the effect of nutrient extraction does not increase GI compared with the whole fruit. These findings suggest that, in contrast to conventionally prepared fruit juice, fruit juice prepared by nutrient extraction in some cases elicits a more favorable postprandial glycemic response than whole fruit and even for high GI fruits do not worsen the response. The mechanism responsible for this effect is currently unclear. However, these results suggest that fruit homogenized by nutrient extraction should be considered as a potential dietetic strategy for glycemic control.

Busting the Baby Teeth Myth and Increasing Children's Consumption of Tap Water: Building Public Will for Children's Oral Health in Colorado.

Can a multifaceted statewide communications campaign motivate behavior change in low-income Colorado families to limit children's fruit juice consumption and increase children's consumption of tap water to prevent tooth decay? Caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood, affecting 40% of kindergartners and 55% of third graders in Colorado. Frequent consumption of 100% fruit juice is linked to childhood caries. The purpose of this campaign, "Cavities Get Around," was to motivate families to limit children's fruit juice consumption and increase consumption of tap water to protect baby teeth from caries, while also building public will for children's oral health. The campaign included targeted media, promotores/organizers, and family education. We focused on fruit juice because audience research showed many families view fruit juice as healthy, and it is also a common beverage among young children up to age of 6 years. We also focused on low-socioeconomic status families because data show higher childhood tooth decay rates in this population. To evaluate progress, we conducted identical pre- and post-surveys, each of 600 random low-income parents contacted by landline, mobile telephone, and Internet, allowing for comparative data. Significant progress was achieved compared to 2014 baseline results. Findings from a November 2015 statewide survey of parents included the following: (1) 22-point increase from 2014 in percentage of children regularly drinking tap water (from 41 to 63%). (2) 29-point decrease from 2014 in percentage of respondents who considered fruit juice consumption important to their child's health and nutritional needs (from 72 to 43%). (3) 19-point reduction in fruit juice consumption among young children (from 66% in 2014 to 47% in 2015). (4) 6-point reduction in percentage of parents considering baby teeth "less important" than adult teeth (from 21% in 2014 to 15% in 2015). The campaign also played a role in new state rules prohibiting childcare centers from serving sugar-sweetened beverages and capping 100% juice to twice per week. The campaign development, strategies, and evaluation results are instructive for others working on health promotion, childhood nutrition, and education interventions.

Associations of 100% fruit juice versus whole fruit with hypertension and diabetes risk in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative

The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of 100% fruit juice as compared to whole fruit is associated with increased risk of hypertension or diabetes. We analyzed postmenopausal women in the United States enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative between 1993 and 1998. Whole fruit and 100% fruit juice intake were assessed by baseline food frequency questionnaire. Standardized questionnaires assessed outcomes every 6–12months during a mean 7.8years of follow-up. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident hypertension (n=36,314 incident cases/80,539 total participants) and diabetes (n=11,488 incident cases/114,219 total participants). In multivariable analyses there was no significant association comparing the highest to lowest quintiles of 100% fruit juice consumption (8oz/day compared to none) and incident hypertension (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97–1.03) or diabetes (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90–1.03). There was also no significant association between whole fruit consumption (2.4servings/day compared to 0.3servings/day) and incident hypertension (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.05) or diabetes (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.96–1.10). Consuming moderate amounts of 100% fruit juice or whole fruit was not significantly associated with risk of hypertension or diabetes among postmenopausal US women.

Effect of pineapple, orange and watermelon juices on phosphodiesterase, monoamine oxidase and angiotensin-I converting enzyme activities in rat heart and brain homogenates

Fruit juices are commonly consumed in many parts of the world for their nutritional and medicinal benefits. More specifically, Pineapple (Ananas comosus), orange (Citrus sinensis) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) juices are used in folklore for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, though there is dearth of information on the mechanism for such medicinal benefits. Thetrefore, this study sought to characterize the effect of these commonly consumed fruit juices on phosphodiesterase (PDE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activities in rat heart and brain homogenates. The fruits were sourced for and the juices extracted, freeze dried and then reconstituted for the analysis. The abilities of these juices to protect the heart and brain against Fe2+ induced oxidative damage were also investigated in vitro. The results revealed that the juices inhibited PDE, MAO and ACE activities in a concentration-dependent manner in rat heart and brain homogenates with orange having the highest inhibitory ability. The juices also inhibited Fe2+ induced malondialdehyde production in rat heart and brain in a concentration-dependent manner. This study revealed that the inhibition of these enzymes and prevention of oxidative damage could be part of the mechanisms by which these fruits could serve as dietary intervention for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.

Daily Consumption of Fruit Juice is Associated with Slight Weight Gain in Young Children.

Daily Consumption of Fruit Juice is Associated with Slight Weight Gain in Young Children.

Consumption of fruits, vegetables and fruit juices and differentiated thyroid carcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake is considered as probably protective against overall cancer risk, but results in previous studies are not consistent for thyroid cancer (TC). The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the consumption of fruits, vegetables, fruit juices and differentiated thyroid cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The EPIC study is a cohort including over half a million participants, recruited between 1991 and 2000. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 748 incident first primary differentiated TC cases were identified. F&V and fruit juice intakes were assessed through validated country-specific dietary questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Comparing the highest versus lowest quartile of intake, differentiated TC risk was not associated with intakes of total F&V (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.68-1.15; p-trend = 0.44), vegetables (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.69-1.14; p-trend = 0.56), or fruit (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.79-1.26; p-trend = 0.64). No significant association was observed with any individual type of vegetable or fruit. However, there was a positive borderline trend with fruit juice intake (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.98-1.53; p-trend = 0.06). This study did not find any significant association between F&V intakes and differentiated TC risk; however a positive trend with fruit juice intake was observed, possibly related to its high sugar content.