Consultative Relationship Research Articles

Analisis Pendapatan Daerah dalam Mengukur Kemandirian Daerah Kabupaten Bandung

A region's ability to manage regional finances will influence the level of regional independence. To measure the regional independence of Bandung Regency, regional income was measured using ratio analysis consisting of the degree of decentralization ratio, the regional dependency ratio, the regional financial independence ratio, and the PAD effectiveness ratio. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method using secondary data in the form of budget realization reports. The results of the research show that the regional financial performance of Bandung Regency has not been maximized with an average degree of decentralization of 18.41% with the criteria of insufficient capacity, the level of regional dependency is very high with an average of 68.45%, the average level of regional financial independence is 26.93% are included in low financial capability and have a consultative relationship pattern, the average PAD effectiveness level is 110.76% or is included in the very effective category. From the research results it can be concluded that Bandung Regency is not yet independent in managing its regional finances. Efforts that the Bandung Regency Regional Government can make to overcome this are by conducting outreach regarding tax regulations to taxpayers, exploring other potential sources of PAD revenue, and intensifying PAD revenue.

FORGING COMMUNITY–ACADEMIC PARTNERSHIPS FOR HEALTHY AGING: A COMMUNITY-LED TOOLKIT TO COMBAT AGEISM

Abstract There is growing recognition that community-engaged research approaches are essential for bridging the evidence-to-practice gap, especially for minoritized communities underrepresented among academic researchers. Such approaches often adopt a consultative model in which community members provide insights, perspectives, and feedback to support academic-driven projects. This strategy can be mutually beneficial when paired with cultural sensitivity and humility; however, there is a pressing need to form community-academic partnerships that flip this consultative relationship—placing university researchers as advisers on community-led projects that reflect local needs, priorities, and values. Here, we highlight the work of one such community-academic partnership led by the Center for Healthy Aging and Innovation’s (CHAI’s) Community Advisory Board with support from University of Minnesota faculty, staff, and graduate students. First, we describe the vision and formation of our Community Advisory Board (CAB), along with recruitment of its diverse membership representing eight cultural communities of the Twin Cities. We then outline the collaborative needs assessment process by which the CAB identified and prioritized action areas to advance healthy aging and health equity. Finally, we present preliminary results and early lessons learned from the CAB’s first project initiative—creation of a community-led, culturally responsive toolkit to address and reframe community-based sources of age-related stigma and discrimination. Findings from this project: 1) offer a plausible model and process for community-academic engagement which may be adapted and refined to fit local contexts; 2) underscore the value of community-led academic partnerships for addressing age-related stigma and other social factors associated with poor aging outcomes.

Analisis Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah dan Potensi Pertumbuhan Kabupaten/Kota di Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2017-2021

This study aims to analyze the independence of regencies/cities in South Sulawesi Province and prospects for their economic development using a quantitative approach with share, growth, elasticity, quadrant, and Financial Capability Index (IKK) analysis methods. The results of the study show: (1) the average share value of districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province during the 2017-2021 period describes that they are not fully independent in terms of sources and allocation of regional budgets; (2) in general, the average growth rate for districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province during the 2017-2021 period show that they have good prospects and expectations for economic growth; (3) based on the quadrant mapping results, Makassar City and East Luwu Regency are in Quadrant I. In Quadrant II, there are Bantaeng, Soppeng, Gowa, Maros, Sidenreng Rappang, Enrekang, Luwu, Bulukumba, Pare-pare, Pinrang, Selayar Islands Regencies, North Toraja, Takalar, Barru, Jeneponto, and Sinjai, where almost all of them are natural resource producing areas. Furthermore, there are no districts/cities that are included in Quadrant III. In Quadrant IV, several regencies such as Bone, Palopo, Pangkajene Islands, Tana Toraja, Wajo, and North Luwu fall into this category; (4) the classification of the financial capability index resulting from the share, growth, and elasticity index values, which is equal to 0.48, is in the high category. In the pattern of regional financial capacity relations, most districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province have a consultative relationship pattern, thus the central government's interference has begun to decrease and the regions are considered capable of implementing regional autonomy.

KINERJA PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG SEBELUM, SAAT, DAN PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19 (TAHUN 2017-2022)

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of regional income and expenditure in Kab. Tulungagung before, during and after the Covid-19 pandemic in 2017-2022. This study uses the analysis variables of the degree of decentralization, the ratio of financial independence, the ratio of expenditure growth, operational expenditure, capital expenditure, and the ratio of direct and indirect expenditure. The results of this study indicate that the analysis of the decentralization of Kab. Tulungagung 2017-2022 is sufficient, the average financial independence ratio is low with a consultative relationship pattern, the average operational expenditure and capital expenditure are good because operational expenditure is less than 90% and capital expenditure is more than 5%, the ratio of direct indirect expenditure not good because the biggest contribution is in direct spending.

Sula Islands Regency, North Maluku Province; Financial Independence Study

This study aims to determine and analyze the regional financial independence of the Sula Islands Regency, North Maluku Province in order to support the implementation of regional development as the implementation of a decentralized system (local government), the contribution of local revenue (PAD) to the APBD of the Sula Islands Regency in 2017-2021. Research informant is Head of Regional Tax and Levy Management Agency. The results show that the ratio of regional financial independence in the Sula Islands Regency is still low or is in a consultative relationship pattern. Effectiveness Ratio and Efficiency Ratio which shows the highly efficient regional financial capacity. The compatibility ratio shows that the results of operational expenditures are greater than capital/development expenditures. Meanwhile, the growth ratio overall experienced positive and negative growth. The contribution of PAD to the APBD of the Sula Islands Regency is still low or lacking. Lack of local government commitment, both executive and legislative, in increasing PAD which affects the amount of increasing regional financial independence, lack of loyalty from both executives and legislatures in managing regional finances from the planning to implementation sector, and lack of local government innovation in exploring the potentials of the Islands Regency. Sula to increase regional financial independence

ANALISIS RASIO UNTUK MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR PER-KABUPATEN/KOTA TAHUN ANGGARAN 2012-2021

This research, which was conducted in East Java, attempts to identify and analyze the financial performance of regional government during the 2012-2021 fiscal years. This descriptive quantitative research uses secondary data, summarized from the 2012-2021 period budget. The population are 38 regencies and cities in East Java. This study finds that 5.2% of the regions are independent (i.e. Surabaya city and Sidoarjo regency), 2.6% are toward independency (i.e. Gresik regency), 26% are in consultative relationship pattern (i.e. Tulungagung regency, Pasuruan regency, Mojokerto regency, and Madiun city), while the rest are having low independency or in instructive relationship pattern. This study also finds that the local financial management of the 38 regencies and cities in the province is very effective; the ration between the targeted and realized local own-source revenues is higher than 100%. The financial efficiency of the regencies and cities during the research period is not quite efficient. In fact, Pacitan regency, Sidoarjo regency, and Pamekasan regency are inefficient in the said matter. Furthermore, it was also found that the local budgets of the 38 local governments during the 2012-2018 were mostly allocated to direct expenditures. However, during the 2019-2021 period, following the enactment of government regulation number 12 of 2019 concerning the changes in local own-source revenue realization format, the local governments’ expenditures were dominated by employee expenditures. Finally, this study also finds that, during the last decade, the local own-source revenues of the said local governments were not stable and tended to decline.

An Analysis of Decentralization, Regional Dependence, Regional Independence, Effectiveness and Efficiency of Pad, Expenditure Efficiency, and Shopping Harmony in Assessing Regional Financial Performance (Case Study in Government Pekanbaru City)

This research was conducted by Pekanbaru City Government. This study aims to determine the financial performance of the Pekanbaru City Government for the Fiscal Year 2016 to 2020. This research uses a descriptive method. Data analysis uses local government financial ratios with an income and expenditure approach consisting of the degree of decentralization, the ratio of regional financial dependence, the ratio of regional financial independence, and the effectiveness and efficiency ratio of Regional Original Income (PAD), efficiency ratios and spending compatibility. The results show that the degree of decentralization is in the medium category, the level of regional financial dependence is in the very high category, the level of regional financial independence is in the low category with a consultative relationship pattern, and the effectiveness level of Regional Original Revenue is in the ineffective category, the efficiency level of Regional Original Revenue is in the inefficient category, the level of spending efficiency is in the efficient category

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN APBD DALAM PERSPEKTIF OPTIMALISASI REALISASI ANGGARAN DAN PERHITUNGAN ANGGARAN SISA LEBIH (SiLPA) KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKALONGAN TAHUN PEMBIAYAAN 2017-2020

This research activity is for a comparative analysis of the budget in the perspective of optimizing budget realization and calculating the remaining budget (SiLPA) of the Pekalongan city government’s finances for the 2017-2020 fiscal year. Using five ratio analysis to calculate it, namely the degree of decentralization, independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio and growth ratio. This study concludes that the average degree of decentralization in 2017-2020 is 15.45%, the results of regional financial independence have a consultative relationship, regional financial capacity is still low on development in paying regional taxes and levies, the results of the effectiveness and effective efficiency ratios, the ratio average PAD growth of 2.29%, total revenue of 3.37% and spending growth of 2.85%, there was a decrease in the number of SiLPA from 2017-2019 but there was an increase again in 2020 by 2%. Keyword: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Rationality, SiLPA

The Role of Racial Match Between Students and Teachers in School-Based Consultation

Disparities between the educational outcomes of students of color and their White peers have persisted across decades. Multicultural consultee-centered consultation has the potential to mitigate negative outcomes for students of color by improving the knowledge and skills of teachers. However, more empirical research is needed to understand the role of diversity within the consultative relationship and problem-solving process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of racial diversity between students and teachers during school-based consultation on the perceptions school psychologists have of collaboration, teacher expectations of students, and student–teacher relationships, as school psychologists commonly serve as school-based consultants. The study employed an experimental design, in which 83 practicing school psychologists were randomly assigned to watch videos of a teacher describing a student referral problem in a racial match or racial mismatch condition. Results suggested school psychologists’ perceptions of the collaborative relationship were more positive when students and teachers were Black compared to when they were White. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Impact Statement This is the only known experimental study conducted in over 20 years to examine the impact of student and teacher racial differences within school-based consultation. Results suggested that school psychologists perceived the collaborative relationship with a teacher to be more positive when both the student and teacher were Black compared to when the student and teacher were White. Given the predominantly White sample, these findings highlight the importance of culturally responsive strategies even when members of the consultation triad are racially matched.

Dare to Care: The Art of Confrontation in Philosophical Counseling

The article addresses a common difficulty of counselors in confronting clients with the problems in their thinking and behavior in a way that they could start benefiting from a constructive self-reflective state in the long run, a state that would replace the common tendency to hide oneself, to blame, to victimize or to repress aspects of their humanity connoted as negative in order to maintain a positive self image. The highlight is on the main characteristics of efficient confrontations with oneself and others, so as to engender reasoning competence training without an unnecessary loss in the quality of the consultative relationship. Working in psychotherapy and having progressively integrated more philosophical work into this professional practice, the author puts together a few concepts and ideas that are likely to facilitate the processes in the psychotherapeutic and the philosophical approaches to intrapsychic and interpersonal dialogue.

PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN DAERAH PADA PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN PENGANGGURAN DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

The ability to manage regional finances is seen from the performance of regional finances, where regional financial performance can be an indicator to measure the success of the region in implementing regional autonomy. This study aims to see the effect of regional financial performance on economic growth and unemployment in East Nusa Tenggara Province from 2016 to 2019. Using panel data regression analysis and indicators of financial performance, among others, independence ratios, effectiveness ratios and efficiency ratios. The results obtained in this study are, the independence ratio is classified as low criteria with a consultative relationship pattern does not have a significant effect on economic growth and the unemployment rate, the effectiveness ratio is classified as very effective but does not have a significant effect on economic growth and the unemployment rate, while the efficiency ratio is classified as quite efficient significantly reduce economic growth but not the unemployment rate.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN ANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LAPORAN REALISASI ANGGARAN BADAN PENGELOLA KEUANGAN DAN ASET DAERAH KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN

This study aimed to measure the implementation of performance-based budgeting and the quality of budget realization reported at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) Musi Banyuasin Regency. The method used in this study was a qualitative and quantitative analysis technique by describing the reality of situation or an object in the form of a description based on information from parties related to the study. The data analysis used in this study was an income performance analysis, spending growth analysis and conformity budget analysis. Musi Banyuasin Regency has implemented performance-based budgeting so well. This could be seen from the LKJIP which stated that performance achievement was measured by comparing performance realization with performance targets achieved. Based on the ratio of financial independence, Musi Banyuasin Regency was still very low. It was included in a consultative relationship pattern which means that the role of the central government was more dominant than the regional government. This was indicated by the independence ratio of Musi Banyuasin Regency from 2016-2019, which was 50%. However, in total, Musi Banyuasin Regency was said to have a good income performance because it was able to earn income that exceeds the budgeted amount.

KEMANDIRIAN KEUANGAN DAERAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI KABUPATEN/KOTA LAMPUNG TAHUN ANGGARAN 2014-2018

This study aims to analyze the independence and ability of regencies / cities and their effects on economic growth in Lampung Province. The method used is panel data analysis. The results showed that Bandar Lampung City was in a consultative relationship pattern, while 13 districts and 1 other city were in an instructive relationship pattern. Whereas based on the analysis of regional financial capability, Bandar Lampung City has a good relationship pattern category, the Metro City category of sufficient relationship pattern and South Lampung Regency and East Lampung Regency with less relationship pattern criteria. Whereas the other 11 districts are still in very poor category. Regression results show that the ratio of regional financial capacity has a negative and significant effect on the level of ? (5%) on economic growth, while regional financial independence has no effect on economic growth.

Kinerja Keuangan Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Ditinjau dari Derajat Kemandirian, Ketergantungan, dan Desentralisasi Fiskal

Bangka Belitung Islands is a province that was born in the era of regional autonomy. This province is demanded to be able to manage finances well to achieve regional independence. This paper aims to analyze the degree of independence, degree of dependency, and degree of fiscal decentralization of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The data used is the realization data of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province Regional Budget for the 2016-2018 fiscal year. This study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis method based on local government financial ratios in the form of independence ratios, dependency ratios, and fiscal decentralization ratios. The results showed that from the aspect of independence, the financial capability of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province was in the low category (46.09-49.83 percent) with a consultative relationship pattern. Based on the degree of regional dependency in the very high category (61.05-68.41 percent), whereas in terms of the degree of fiscal decentralization, the financial capability of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is in the moderate-sufficient category (29.47-33.26 percent)

Early childhood mental health consultation: Care providers' experiences of the consultative relationship.

This article presents findings from a qualitative research study exploring child care teachers' experiences receiving early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC). As an emerging intervention in early childhood education, ECMHC is already yielding promising results, namely in helping teachers better address challenging behaviors in their classroom and promote a more nurturing classroom environment. However, there remains a lack of personal testimony from teachers who receive this intervention. Considering that teachers are the primary focus of most ECMHC interventions, the purpose of this study was to examine child care teachers' personal experiences receiving consultation. Eight child care teachers were interviewed for this study. Results from this study illuminate key interpersonal processes in the development of the consultant-consultee relationship, indicate what teachers consider to be the most helpful components of consultation, and speak to the challenges that teachers experience in consultation. By examining the personal testimony of child care teachers who have received ECMHC services, consultants and researchers can consider ways to expand and improve future implementation of ECMHC.

Collaborative approaches to government travel advisories in Australia between Australia’s travel industry leadership and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2003–2017

The October 2002 Bali bombing was a catalyst for the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) to radically alter its approach to the content and dissemination of Australian government travel advisories. Integral to DFAT’s post-Bali strategy was its decision to seek the collaborative support of the Australian outbound travel industry leadership to broaden dissemination of travel advisories to outbound Australian travellers. Although initial contacts between DFAT and the Australian travel industry leaders in early 2003 were contentious, subsequent negotiations resulted in the world’s first signed agreement between a foreign ministry and a national travel industry leadership in June 2003. The initial agreement, the Charter for Safe Travel involved the Australian travel industry’s commitment to disseminate DFAT travel advisories in exchange for a viable consultative role in their content. Australia’s collaborative model was adopted in the UK from 2004, in Canada from 2005 and New Zealand since 2016. Globally, consultation between national travel industry leaders and national foreign ministries is rare, despite the support of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the World Travel and Tourism Council and the Pacific Asia Travel Association. Through participant observation research, in the context of collaboration and stakeholder theories, this article discusses the evolution of a consultative relationship between DFAT and the Australian outbound travel industry leadership and other relevant stakeholders between 2003 and 2017. The observations made in this study reveal that collaborative consultation has achieved positive changes to travel advisories which feature regionally specific, timely and comprehensible content. These qualitative enhancements have been complemented by enhanced dissemination of Australian government travel advisories. Australia’s Consular Consultative Group serves as a working model for similar collaboration, in the interests of global tourism safety.

Financial independence of regencies and cities in Central Java

This research aims to identify and to map the financial independence of the local government. This research uses ratio analysis to identify the financial independent analysis and typology to map the local government financial level. The research indicates that the financial independence tends to increase in all regions. Based on the financial independent analysis, Semarang and Tegal have lower financial dependence with the consultative relationship pattern rather than 33 other regions that have higher financial dependent level with the instructive relationship pattern. The mapping results of financial independence are in the following: ten cities or regencies have self-financial dependency below the average toward the central government, seven regencies have self-sufficient above the average toward the central government, and eighteen regencies have self-sufficient below the average toward the central government.

Analisis Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Sidoarjo Tahun Anggaran 2010 – 2014

This study aims to determine the level of development of local financial independence Sidoarjo district in order to support the implementation of regional development for the implementation of a decentralized system (Local Government), the contribution of PAD to Sidoarjo district budget in fiscal year 2010-2014 and the commitment of local governments to increase revenue Sidoarjo regency. This type of research is quantitative qualitative (mixed method). The results showed that the ratio of local financial independence Sidoarjoregency status is low or that are in consultative relationship patterns. The ratio of the degree of fiscal decentralization and the index ratio shows the ability of a routine that sufficient fiscal capacity. In harmony ratio shows the results of routine spending a larger share of total development. While the growth rate, the overall experience negative growth. The contribution of PAD to Sidoarjo district budget is low or less. Then the lack of commitment of local governments both the Executive and the Legislature to improve PAD affecting the magnitude of the increase of local financial independence, the lack of loyalty of both the Executive and the Legislature in managing the region's financial sectors ranging from planning to implementation, and the lack of innovation of local governments in exploring the potential Regency Sidoarjo that generate revenue.

Should I Stay or Should I Go? Client Factors Affecting Relationship Commitment in the Consultative Relationship

This study explores several factors that exist in the client–consultant relationship and their impact on relationship commitment. The participants were 228 college students from two doctoral research universities. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight scenario-based questionnaires that measured the effect of three manipulated variables on ability to trust, comparison level of the alternative, dependence, and trust in a relationship commitment. The findings suggest that consultants can proactively manage relationships with their clients by considering their clients’ inherent ability to trust as well as how client decision making is affected by the relationship between alternative choices and their dependence on the consultant.

Female Patients in Early Modern Britain: Gender, Diagnosis, and Treatment, by Wendy D. Churchill

In this book, the author, Wendy Churchill, asks three questions. Firstly, did early modern medical practitioners treat men and women suffering from the same ailments differently? Secondly, was there a notion of female-specific diseases? Thirdly, if such a construct existed, how did practitioners respond to these conditions and treat the female patient? The patient–practitioner relationship is the focus of Dr Churchill’s story, and, with an impressive array of doctors’ casebooks, patient-practitioner correspondence, consultation letters and medical treatises as source material, her analysis is certainly systematic. Women, Churchill concludes, of various ages and differing marital status, socio-economic and racial backgrounds, were engaged participants in the medical landscape of England in the period from 1590 to 1740. Crucially, Churchill argues, in contrast with previous scholarship, that women did not necessarily receive rough, negligent or excessive treatment as a result of their sex. The book is divided into four chapters, respectively dealing with the consultative relationship between male medical practitioners and female patients; treatment of female-specific illnesses; treating the sexed body; and, finally, the medical diagnosis of women’s minds, bodies and emotions. The author convincingly demonstrates that medical practitioners identified women as physiologically distinct from men. She provides numerous examples from casebooks of differential treatment and diagnosis for men and women. Dr Gideon Harvey (1636/7–1702), for example, identified the lack of regard for ‘Constitution, Age, [and] Sex’ shown by medical mountebanks in London, as one reason patients should be increasingly cautious in selecting their practitioner.