Construction Of Such Systems Research Articles

Stereoselective synthesis of the cis-decalin subunit of vinigrol via three pericyclic reactions in cascade

Synthesis of the cis-decalin portion of vinigrol using a tandem oxy-Cope/Claisen/ene reaction is described. This three pericyclic reaction cascade proves to be a valuable synthetic tool in the construction of such systems.

Problems related to the development of integrated systems for economic and environmental accouning: a preliminary analysis of the economic-environmental impact of human activities on the marine pollution in the Basilicata region

The efforts made during the last years to analyze the interrelations between economy and environment, suggest defining and constructing standardized integrated systems for national economic and environmental accounting. The methodologies that currently exist are not fully developed and involve numerous theoretical and applicative problems that limit, and delay considerably, the construction of such systems. In this article an alternative approach to the analysis is suggested, which aims to attribute environmental problems to the economic activities that generate them. In particular, a complex procedure of explanatory analysis carried out on a regional scale is suggested. Based on environmental measurements already performed all over the national territory, the procedure identifies territorial and environmental characteristics and latent variables, as well as the variety of the intricate phenomena in a way that is compatible with the requirements of the national schemes for economic an environmental accounting. References are given to environmental variables on a regional scale that have not been previously considered in ISTAT’s current NAMEA projects and that can be obtained faster.

L’intégration des équipements biomédicaux dans le système d’information hospitalier

The French healthcare system is currently experiencing large changes. The edict dated 24 April 1996 concerning the reform of hospitalisation, the recent law of 4 March 2002 on patients’ rights and access to information generate a new approach on design of information and communication systems. The study carried out in the frame of this work aims to evaluate the stakes of construction of the Hospital Information System (HIS) incorporating the biomedical equipment. It also attempts to evaluate the technical, semantic or sociological obstacles for the implementation of such system. The objective is to suggest a suitable architecture of the hospital computer system able to overcome these obstacles and then to define several rules that could allow the smooth construction of such system. The information created within a hospital can be divided into three categories: the medical data concerning the health condition of a patient, the administration and logistic information necessary to the hospital management, and all the information to evaluate the activity of this hospital. The biomedical equipment, as tools to produce healthcare, are both producers and consumers of these three types of data. Their communication with the HIS contributes to the fulfilment of the operational and strategic targets of a hospital. By evaluating the new technological developments of biomedical equipment, the biomedical engineer must give rise to a new approach on healthcare organisation so that new technics replace and cancel the old ones. The engineer’s knowledge in norms, standards and inter-operability capabilities must orientate users towards the purchase of equipment with communication facilities. This will push the equipment suppliers to focus their development efforts towards inter-operability. In the next decade, the biomedical engineer will play a strategic role in the elaboration of the HIS.

Monodromy of Rational KZ Equations and Some Related Topics

A special class of integrable Fuchsian systems on Cn related to KZ equations is considered. We survey the construction of such systems and the list of the structural properties their monodromy representations. The relation of the Fuchsian systems obtained by the Veselov construction assosiated with a deformation of the An−1-type root system and the Gauss–Manin connection of the natural projection Cn→Cn−1 is described. In this case, we prove that the monodromy representation is equivalent to the Burau representation of the Artin braid group. For a deformations of the other root system, we introduce generalized Burau representations. We conjecture that the integrable Fuchsian systems related to essential new finite sets of the vectors described by Veselov and Chalykh are the result of the Klares–Schlesinger isomonodromic deformations (or transformation) of the integrable Fuchsian system related to the Coxeter root systems.

Data-driven Construction of Transparent Fuzzy Systems

In recent years, we have witnessed a strong emphasis on high performance and precision of fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy systems. Many publications are focused on data driven approaches, i.e., the construction of such systems from data and applying them in areas like data mining, pattern recognition, prediction or control. In these applications, neuro-fuzzy system inevitably must be compared with other inductive methods, like neural networks, machine learning or statistical techniques. The most prominent feature that distinguishes neuro-fuzzy systems from many other techniques is their transparency and interpretability, which as assumed to be automatically "inherited" from linguistic fuzzy models. In the current literature, however, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the study of the interplay between interpretability and precision. These objectives are to a certain degree conflicting and attention must be paid to both of them. This paper addresses these issues in the context of parameter estimation in neuro-fuzzy systems identification.

Using the Ravenscar profile for space applications

The Ravenscar Profile emerged in 1997 as a most promising approach to bringing mature, predictable and efficient concurrency into real-time systems with integrity requirements. One of the crucial questions that have arisen since is whether the expressive power of the profile would be truly sufficient for the effective construction of such systems. This paper provides positive evidence to this effect by discussing the merit of the Ravenscar compliant architecture of a reuse library that supports the construction of on-board embedded real-time systems of the new generation. This paper argues that the notions of the profile especially contributed to increase the maturity of the reuse product. As true object orientation is the next frontier of the product, this paper also reflects on the importance of integrating the profile with suitable flavours of object orientation.

Reasoning Theories

Our long-term goal is the development of a general framework for specifying, structuring, and interoperating provers. Our main focus is on the formalization of the architectural and implementational choices that underlie the construction of such systems. This paper has two main goals. The first is to introduce the main intuitions underlying the proposed framework. We concentrate on its use in the integration of provers. The second is the development of the notion of i>reasoning theory, meant as the formalization of the notion of “implementation of the logic” of a prover. As an example we sketch an analysis, at the reasoning theory level, of the integration of linear arithmetic into the NQTHM simplification process.

URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INFORMATION ACCESS

The European Union (EU) legislative framework related to air quality, together with national legislation and relevant declarations of the United Nations (UN), requires an integrated approach concerning air quality management (AQM), and accessibility of related information for the citizens. In the present paper, the main requirements of this legislative framework are discussed and main air quality management and information system characteristics are drawn. The use of information technologies is recommended for the construction of such systems. The World Wide Web (WWW) is considered a suitable platform for system development and integration and at the same time as a medium for communication and information dissemination.

Urban Air Quality Management and Information Systems in Europe Legal Framework and Information Access

The European Union (EU) legislative framework related to air quality, together with national legislation and relevant declarations of the United Nations (UN), requires an integrated approach concerning air quality management (AQM), and accessibility of related information for the citizens. In the present paper, the main requirements of this legislative framework are discussed and main air quality management and information system characteristics are drawn. The use of information technologies is recommended for the construction of such systems. The World Wide Web (WWW) is considered a suitable platform for system development and integration and at the same time as a medium for communication and information dissemination.

Hybrid expert system for qualitative and quantitative analysis of truss structures

The so-called hybrid expert systems for the analysis of physical systems (e.g. mechanical ones) integrate modelling and simulation methods, including classical numerical( quantitative) methods as well as recently developed qualitative analysis methods, using the expert-system rule-based techniques. The diagrammatic representation methods also turn out to be important elements of the knowledge representation (especially the qualitative knowledge) and user interface in such systems. In this paper, problems in the construction of such systems are discussed, using an example of an experimental hybrid system for the analysis of planar truss structures (currently in the final stages of implementation).

A synthetic peptide ligase.

The preparation of synthetic molecules showing the remarkable efficiencies characteristic of natural biopolymer catalysts remains a formidable challenge for chemical biology. Although significant advances have been made in the understanding of protein structure and function, the de novo construction of such systems remains elusive. Re-engineered natural enzymes and catalytic antibodies, possessing tailored binding pockets with appropriately positioned functional groups, have been successful in catalysing a number of chemical transformations, sometimes with impressive efficiencies. But efforts to produce wholly synthetic catalytic peptides have typically resulted in compounds with questionable structural stability, let alone reactivity. Here we describe a 33-residue synthetic peptide, based on the coiled-coil structural motif, which efficiently catalyses the condensation of two shorter peptide fragments with high sequence- and diastereoselectivity. Depending on the substrates used, we observe rate enhancements of tenfold to 4,100-fold over the background, with catalytic efficiencies in excess of 10(4). These results augur well for the rational design of functional peptides.

EXACT SOLUTIONS OF CYCLICALLY SYMMETRIC OSCILLATOR EQUATIONS WITH NON-LINEAR COUPLING. PART III: GLOBALLY STABLE SINGLE-FREQUENCY LIMIT CYCLES

Several authors have found very simple exact limit cycle solutions in certain sets of N cyclically symmetric coupled non-linear oscillator equations. In part I of this paper it was shown that the search for sets of equations with similar solutions is made much simpler if the equations are expressed in terms of the normal modes of the unperturbed (linear) system. In various applications it is desirable that the equations have a limit cycle solution with a single frequency and that this solution be globally stable. It is found here that the transformation of the equations to the unperturbed normal modes can greatly simplify the construction of such systems.

EXACT SOLUTIONS OF CYCLICALLY SYMMETRIC OSCILLATOR EQUATIONS WITH NON‐LINEAR COUPLING. PART III: GLOBALLY STABLE SINGLE‐FREQUENCY LIMIT CYCLES

Several authors have found very simple exact limit cycle solutions in certain sets of N cyclically symmetric coupled non-linear oscillator equations. In part I of this paper it was shown that the search for sets of equations with similar solutions is made much simpler if the equations are expressed in terms of the normal modes of the unperturbed (linear) system. In various applications it is desirable that the equations have a limit cycle solution with a single frequency and that this solution be globally stable. It is found here that the transformation of the equations to the unperturbed normal modes can greatly simplify the construction of such systems. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and integrable systems

The Coulomb branch of N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions is described in general by an integrable Hamiltonian system in the holomorphic sense. A natural construction of such systems comes from two-dimensional gauge theory and spectral curves. Starting from this point of view, we propose an integrable system relevant to the N = 2 SU( n) gauge theory with a hypermultiplet in the adjoint representation, and offer much evidence that it is correct. The model has an SL(2, Z) S-duality group (with the central element −1 of SL(2, Z) acting as charge conjugation); SL(2, Z) permutes the Higgs, confining, and oblique confining phases in the expected fashion. We also study more exotic phases.

THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: THE INDISSOLUBLE NATURE OF SOCIO‐POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SKILLS*

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the role of management consultants in the development of information technology (IT) in organizations. Contending that the process of IT systems development is characterized by the exercise of power, the central theme of the argument concerns the indissoluble nature of the technical and socio‐political skills inherent in IT consultancy practice. IT consultancy practice is not just socio‐political when winning a contract ‐ the sales pitch ‐ and technical when developing an IT system. Rather, socio‐political skills centred on the mobilization of discursive and symbolic resources are an inherent part of the construction of such systems.

Distributed and Cooperative Sensing System for Robot Vision Based on 3D Model-Based Agents.

In recent years, demands for advanced sensing in robot tasks using multiple sensing modules have been increased. In robot vision tasks, distributed use of multiple cameras is required to overcome limitations of a narrow field-of-view and low 3D resolution when using a single camera. If a target object moves outside the field-of-view of a camera, we need to automatically switch the tracking task from the camera to another module. Integration of multiple sensing information is also an important issue. A traditional approach for construction of such system is to organize the modules with a single and centrally controlled system. However, this approach has disadvantages in various aspects: flexibility, robustness, extendability, and efficiency in achieving tasks. To overcome these difficulties, decentralized and cooperative control of multi-robot is a promising approach. In this paper, we propose a concept of decentralized and cooperative sensing system for robot vision tasks. We present a prototype of such visual sensing system implemented using a real multi-robot system. It performs visual inspection of water leakage on a sleeve of a valve. A novel feature of the system is it consists of 3D model-based agents which communicate 3D model information of the task environment for distributed sensor planning.

THOMAS: building Bayesian statistical expert systems to aid in clinical decision making

Knowledge-based system for classical statistical analysis must separate the task of analyzing data from that of using the results of the analysis. In contrast, a Bayesian framework for building biostatistical expert system allows for the integration of the data-analytic and decision-making tasks. The architecture of such a framework entails enabling the system (1) to make its recommendations on decision-analytic grounds; (2) to construct statistical models dynamically; (3) to update a statistical model based on the user's prior beliefs and on data from, the methodological concerns evinced by, the study. This architecture permits the knowledge engineer to represent a variety of types of statistical and domain knowledge. Construction of such systems requires that the knowledge engineer reinterpret traditional statistical concerns, such as by replacing the notion of statistical significance with that of a pragmatic clinical threshold. The clinical user of such a system can interact with the system at a semantic level appropriate to her fund of methodological knowledge, rather than at the level of statistical details. We demonstrate these issues with a prototype system called thomas which helps a physician decision maker interpret the results of a published randomized clinical trial.

A Comparison of Potential Applications of Expert Systems and Decision Support Systems

This paper describes ways in which decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems (ES) may be differentiated. It proposes a simplified systemic view which emphasises the functional differences of the environments within which each type of system is applied, thereby avoiding some of the problems often associated with attempting to define DSS and ES according to their constituent parts. This functional emphasis allows DSS and ES to be placed within a useful existing theoretical framework which takes account of contextual influences. The results of two independent surveys of DSS and ES applications in a sample domain—accountancy—are used to assess the view of their functionality held by users of the systems, particularly their functional differences. Some conclusions are drawn about the role of the user in the construction of such systems.

Cyclic Steiner Triple Systems with Cyclic Subsystems

A Steiner triple system of order v (briefly STS(v)) is a pair (V, B), where V is a v-set and B is a set of 3-subsets of V called triples such that each 2-subset of V is contained in exactly one triple. A cyclic Steiner triple system of order v (briefly CTS(v)), i.e. an STS with a regular cyclic automorphism group) can be thought of as a pair (Zv, B), where Zv is the additive group of integers modulo v fixing the set of triples B. An STS(v) exists iff v == lor 3 (mod 6), and a CTS(v) exists iff v == lor 3 (mod 6), v * 9 (see [5]). For a general reference on CTSs, see [2). When v = nu, n > 1, u > 1, then the group of integers modulo v will have a (non-trivial) subgroup of order u and index n for each divisor u of v. In a similar fashion, one can define a cyclic subsystem of a CTS(v) as having order u and index n, where (H, Bu) is the subsystem, and H is the subgroup of order u and index n which fixes Bu' A natural question asked, amongst others, by Peter Tannenbaum [6], is the following: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for a CTS(v) to contain a cyclic subsystem of order u and index n? The problem becomes more interesting when one realizes that the obvious necessary conditions--namely that u divides v, and that u == lor 3 (mod 6), u * 9, v * 9--are not sufficient. First we consider construction of such systems. The methods we use are variants of known composition methods for cyclic designs. Recent references on such methods include Colbourn and Colbourn [1] and limbo and Kuriki [3]. Some cases of the main results of this paper are probable consequences of previously published work and, to an extent, may be considered folklore. However, for the purposes of clarity and simplicity, our presentation will be self-contained.

ChemInform Abstract: Two Convenient Syntheses of 2‐Aryl‐1‐cyano‐1‐propenes from Quaternary Ammonium Salts.

Abstract Two readily available and different quaternary ammonium salts have been prepared by the alkylation of vinamidinium salt reduction products. These salts have been successfully converted to 2-aryl-1-cyano-1-propenes and this methodology represents a clean and efficient procedure for the construction of such systems.