Construction Of Space Research Articles

Spatio-temporal patterns of the construction and development of urban open spaces in Macau from 1889–2020

ABSTRACT This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of urban open spaces in Macau from 1889 to 2020, aiming to uncover the historical progression of Macau’s urban landscape. The research hypothesizes that Macau’s urban open space development is inversely related to its socio-economic advancement, with a notable shift from abundant open spaces to increased built-up areas. Utilizing ArcGIS software for spatial analysis and historical mapping, the study calculates the proportion of urban built-up areas and open spaces across different historical periods, revealing a high initial proportion of open space that declined with economic modernization and urban density. The originality of the research lies in its comprehensive analysis of Macau’s urban spatial patterns, focusing on the unique typology of “Largo” spaces, which are integral to Macau’s urban form and cultural identity. The study provides a historical analysis of these spaces, tracing their evolution from traditional European plaza concepts to multifunctional areas that accommodate dense urban living. The research’s practicality is demonstrated through its recommendations for future urban planning in Macau. It suggests a balanced approach to development that includes the preservation of open spaces and the revitalization of Largo areas. The study also emphasizes the importance of community engagement in the planning and management of open spaces, ensuring they meet the needs of residents and reflect local cultural values. By examining the historical development of urban open spaces and their current state, the study offers valuable insights for similar ultra-high-density cities, providing a model for ecological construction and sustainable urban planning. The findings underscore the necessity of preserving green open spaces to maintain the well-being of residents and the cultural heritage of Macau.

Assessment of noise pollution and specific mitigation measures to reduce it in educational settings and its impact on students' academic performance: A review

Noise pollution causes many problems in the educational process and adversely affects the performance of educators and students. This study reviewed the research, studies, surveys, and questionnaires on the subject and examined the effects of noise pollution on the academic performance of students and certain mitigating measures to control it. This document provided a comprehensive overview of noise measurements, comparison with guidelines/standards, factors affecting noise in college and university campuses, external and internal noise sources in the educational environment, effects of noise on health and student performance, sound quality of classrooms, and noise reduction. The results of the review revealed that most academic students are exposed to noisy environments, which have significant physiological and psychological effects on health. The review recommended certain noise control and management measures that include the use of noise barriers, construction of green spaces, design of noise reduction infrastructure, implementation of awareness programs, strict enforcement of laws and noise regulations, the development of advanced noise control technologies, integrated strategies, and sustainable environmental planning to reduce the menace of noise pollution.

Parameter Study and Engineering Verification of the Hardening Soil Model with Small-Strain Stiffness for Loess in the Xi’an Area

With the advancement of the construction of urban underground spaces, it is inevitable that new tunnels will pass through existing pipelines. To ensure the safety and stability of these pipelines, it is essential to strictly control the impact of shield tunneling. The hardening soil model with small-strain stiffness (HSS) comprehensively accounts for the small-strain behavior of soil, and the calculated results are closer to the values measured in engineering compared to those of other models. Consequently, it has been widely adopted in the development and utilization of underground spaces. The selection of parameters for the HSS model is particularly critical when performing numerical simulations. This article establishes the proportional relationships between the small-strain moduli of the HSS model in the loess region of Xi’an through standard consolidation tests, triaxial consolidation drained shear tests, and triaxial consolidation drained loading−unloading shear tests. Additionally, an empirical formula for the static lateral pressure coefficient applicable to loess was derived and validated through engineering examples.

From coarse to fine: a two-stage common semantic space construction for unpaired cross modal retrieval

From coarse to fine: a two-stage common semantic space construction for unpaired cross modal retrieval

Translanguaging Space Construction in Five Chinese EFL Learners’ Collaborative English-Language Culture-Introduction Videos: Patterns and Influential Factors

The study investigates how Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners construct translanguaging space via multimodal orchestration in collaborative English-language YouTube videos introducing Chinese culture. By triangulating multimodal analysis of videos and students’ interview responses, the current research maps translanguaging space construction within and across modes and identifies four multimodal translanguaging space patterns. Meanwhile, learners’ understanding of modal affordances, their intents, their perceptions of the intended audience, and their experiences with relevant (multimodal) texts were found to influence their multimodal orchestration in translanguaging space construction. Digital multimodal composing (DMC) provides EFL learners with opportunities to draw upon their expanded multimodal repertoires, to combine multiple modes for meaning-making creatively, and to transcend the boundaries of languages and modalities critically. Pedagogical suggestions are provided regarding integrating DMC tasks into multilingual learning environments.

Construction and Application of Urban Green Space Ecosystem Service Assessment Indicator System and Assessment Method: A Case Study of Chifeng Central Urban Area, China

The assessment of urban green space ecosystem services is an important basis for urban ecosystem management and decision-making. To further enhance the accuracy of this evaluation, this paper refers to the main research results of international urban ecosystem service assessment and puts forward the main principles for the construction of an urban green space ecosystem service assessment index system. Based on this principle, the framework of the assessment indicator system was carried out by adopting the expert consultation method and frequency analysis method. This system includes the functions of leisure and recreation and the landscape premium in cultural services, air purification, noise abatement, carbon sequestration, oxygen release, and precipitation storage in regulatory services, and biodiversity conservation in supply services. The assessment methods for each functional category are chosen for their appropriateness, or the inadequacies of the existing methods are refined and improved. Then, we take the urban center of Chifeng City, China, as an example to carry out an empirical study on the urban green space ecosystem service assessment index system and assessment methods proposed in this paper. This study shows that the total value of green space ecosystem services in the downtown area of Chifeng City is CNY 229.91 million (Chinese Yuan). Among them, cultural services, regulating services, and supporting services accounted for 89.62%, 9.06%, and 1.32% of the total value, respectively. This study has important reference significance for the comprehensive quantitative assessment of the ecological service function value of urban green spaces, revealing the socio-economic value of urban green space resources while providing insights and references for the environmental assessment, planning, construction, and management decision-making of urban green spaces.

Application of the Weyl Calculus Perspective on Discrete Octonionic Analysis in Bounded Domains

In this paper, we extend the discrete octonionic analysis by presenting a Weyl calculus-based approach to bounded domains in R8. In particular, we explicitly prove the discrete Stokes formula for a bounded cuboid, and then we generalise this result to arbitrary bounded domains in interior and exterior settings by the help of characteristic functions. After that, discrete interior and exterior Borel-Pompeiu and Cauchy formulae are introduced. Finally, we recall the construction of discrete octonionic Hardy spaces for bounded domains. Moreover, we explicitly explain where the non-associativity of octonionic multiplication is essential and where it is not. Consequently, the results presented in this paper provide tools to address boundary value problems in bounded domains.

A "1.5-Stage" Spacer Construct Using Revision Components for the Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Knee.

The two-stage surgical protocols used for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are associated with marked patient morbidity. As such, alternatives such as durable "1.5-stage" spacer constructs have gained popularity. We sought to describe the outcomes of a novel "1.5-stage" spacer construct utilizing revision stemmed-tibia implants. Patients who underwent a "1.5-stage" for the management of a knee PJI at our institution were screened for inclusion. A "1.5-stage" was defined as a spacer placed with the intent of not performing a second stage, without the use of press-fit stems or cemented intramedullary fixation as is often done during a single-stage protocol. Procedures were categorized into two groups based on construct type: (1) hand-made constructs utilizing all-polyethylene tibial components or (2) constructs utilizing stemmed-revision components pre-coated with cement before insertion. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical details were collected and reported. The two-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for all-cause revision, revision for spacer loosening, and revision due to infection recurrence were reported. In total, 46 "1.5-stage" procedures were identified, including 12 hand-made and 34 stemmed-revision constructs. The stemmed-revision cohort was less likely to undergo reoperation for any reason (17.6 versus 50.0%, P = 0.028) or a revision for spacer loosening (0.0 versus 25.0%, P = 0.003) compared to the hand-made cohort. There were no differences with respect to infection recurrence or time to revision. The 2-year survival from revision for loosening was higher in the stemmed cohort compared to the hand-made cohort, though not statistically different (100%, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 2.5 to 100.0% versus 72.9%, 95% CI: 26.3 to 96.6%, P = 0.330). A "1.5-stage" spacer construct using stemmed-revision components was associated with promising short-term results. Durable spacer constructs may be a viable option for select patients, however; longer-term follow-up is needed to identify patients that stand to benefit the most from this technique.

Laplacian attention: A plug‐and‐play algorithm without increasing model complexity for vision tasks

AbstractMost prevailing attention mechanism modules in contemporary research are convolution‐based modules, and while these modules contribute to enhancing the accuracy of deep learning networks in visual tasks, they concurrently augment the overall model complexity. To address the problem, this paper proposes a plug‐and‐play algorithm that does not increase the complexity of the model, Laplacian attention (LA). The LA algorithm first calculates the similarity distance between feature points in the feature space and feature channel and constructs the residual Laplacian matrix between feature points through the similarity distance and Gaussian kernel. This construction serves to segregate non‐similar feature points while aggregating those with similarities. Ultimately, the LA algorithm allocates the outputs of the feature channel and the feature space adaptively to derive the final LA outputs. Crucially, the LA algorithm is confined to the forward computation process and does not involve backpropagation or any parameter learning. The LA algorithm undergoes comprehensive experimentation on three distinct datasets—namely Cifar‐10, miniImageNet, and Pascal VOC 2012. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the advanced attention mechanism modules in recent years, such as SENet, CBAM, ECANet, coordinate attention, and triplet attention, the LA algorithm exhibits superior performance across image classification, object detection and semantic segmentation tasks.

Анатомический символизм в картинах эпохи Возрождения: социологический аспект

The article delves into the analysis of paintings by Renaissance artists with regard to the possible symbolic representation of human body parts and organs, as well as the artistic conveyance of their forms and color palettes. As a means of non-verbal communication, Fine Art uses painting’s visual images for creation an aesthetic reaction, conveying information about the human body and being. The perception of artistic creations, images occur through the construction of subjective semantic spaces. The author examines Fine Art through the lens of sociological theories, specifically symbolic interactionism and Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory, which equates communication with society. Artistic creativity is a tool for the symbolic transmission of images of anatomical body forms, that are contained in the Renaissance art creations. Artistic images in specific paintings, canvases and frescoes are discussed in analogy with their anatomical forms of the human body.

Children of the altiplano: Elite constructions of race and space in Bolivia 1900–1950

Children of the altiplano: Elite constructions of race and space in Bolivia 1900–1950

On the Space Construction and the Exploring of Sun Shengxi’s Identity of Son of the Darkness

Son of the Darkness is the debut full-length novel of the post-90s writer Lu Xu from Zhaoqing, which bears a strong allegorical hue. Son of the Darkness refers not only to Sun Shengxi of unknown identity but also serves as a metaphor for human destiny. The metamorphoses from human to animal and the shape shifts among objects that occur in the work both imply the marginalized situations of the characters and constitute an allegory of human fate. In the novel, Lu Xu constructs the family space, the space of biopolitics, and the utopian space as the domains for Sun Shengxi’s identity exploration. Sun Shengxi’s vulnerable situation in the family space and the city theater as the workspace is similar to that of the homo sacer in the space of biopolitics. The transformation in the utopian space embodies the subject’s exploration and pursuit of art and freedom, as well as the resistance to the supreme power.

Infinite-dimensional hierarchy of recursive extensions for all subn-leading soft effects in Yang-Mills

Building on our proposal in [1], we present in detail the construction of the extended phase space for Yang-Mills at null infinity, containing the asymptotic symmetries and the charges responsible for subn-leading soft theorems at all orders. The generality of the procedure allows it to be directly applied to the computation of both tree and loop-level soft limits. We also give a detailed study of Yang-Mills equations under the radial expansion, giving a thorough construction of the radiative phase space for decays compatible with tree-level amplitudes for both light-cone and radial gauges. This gives rise to useful recursion relations at all orders between the field strength and the vector gauge coefficients. We construct the subn-leading charges recursively, and show a hierarchical truncation such that each charge subalgebra is closed, and their action in the extended phase space is canonical. We relate these results with the infinite-dimensional algebras that have been recently introduced in the context of conformal field theories at null infinity. We also apply our method to the computation of non-universal terms in the sub-leading charges arising in theories with higher derivative interaction terms.

ПРОСТІР КРИПТОАКТИВІВ: ЛОГІКА РОЗВИТКУ, СТРУКТУРА, ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТА ВЗАЄМОДІЇ. Стаття перша. Ідеологія, технології, шлях до розмаїття та типологія криптоактивів

The article explores the complexity and diversity of the crypto-asset space, examining the logic of its development, the dynamics of interactions within the ecosystem, and with the external world. It demonstrates how the open-source nature of crypto projects and the emergence of tools for simplified token creation on third-party blockchains have transformed the crypto-asset space into one of unlimited financial asset creation. The structure of the crypto-asset space is represented through a typology of crypto-assets based on technological, functional, and socio-economic characteristics. By studying thirty of the largest crypto-asset projects by market capitalization, several distinct groups that define the construction of crypto-asset space have been identified: bitcoin and ether as the poles of crypto space development; alternative to bitcoin payment cryptoassets; cryptocurrency based back-office solutions for traditional cross-border payments; stablecoins; coins of alternative blockchain platforms with innovative consensus mechanisms and scalability solutions (Layer 1 and Layer 2); crypto-assets of projects for scaling other blockchains and facilitating efficient interoperability between blockchains and the external world; crypto-assets of projects expanding existing successful virtual networks; crypto-assets of centralized cryptocurrency exchanges; DeFi project coins; meme coins; enhanced privacy coins; and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The article reveals the ongoing development of the crypto-asset space in the following directions: solving the blockchain trilemma considering project goals; ensuring interoperability of decentralized networks; creating new forms of collaboration with traditional financial intermediaries and institutions (which often contrasts with the original cypherpunk ideology). It is argued that the space of decentralized interactions, mediated by crypto-assets, has become a domain of extreme volatility, hyper-financialization, and a space where it is difficult to separate technological value from speculative crypto markets. It also highlights the presence of centralized, opaque, and unregulated hyper-intermediaries, with no clear distinction between professional and non-professional participants in the crypto market. Furthermore, this space seeks additional sources of trust from the traditional world, including through sovereign currency-backed stablecoins, partnerships with traditional financial intermediaries, and regulatory lobbying. In the first article, the ideological foundations, basic technologies of the crypto- asset space, bitcoin and ether as the poles of development in this space, and the typology of crypto-assets are examined.

Neighborhood social environment and mental health of older adults in China: the mediating role of subjective well-being and the moderating role of green space.

With the continuous development of the global aging trend, the mental health of older adults has been a concern by the world. The living space of older adults is limited due to the decline of their activity function. Neighborhood environment, especially the neighborhood social environment, has become an important factor affecting the mental health of older adults. Therefore, this study explores the mechanism that influences the social environment of the neighborhood and the mental health of older adults, the mediating effect of subjective well-being (SWB), and the moderating effect of green space. Based on the 2018 China Labor Dynamics Survey, this study used the structural equation model to explore the mediating effect of neighborhood social environment (neighborhood ties, social trust, community security) on the mental health of older adults through SWB and the moderating effect of green space. Social trust and community security are both directly and positively associated with older adults' mental health. At the same time, neighborhood ties, social trust, and community security can promote the mental health of older adults by positively affecting SWB, while green space has an enhanced moderating effect between neighborhood ties and mental health. This study enriches the empirical research on neighborhood social environment and mental health. First of all, older adults living in communities with good safety conditions and high social trust are less affected by negative emotions and tend to have good mental health. Second, deeper neighborhood ties, higher social trust, and safer community environments help older adults to be less disturbed by negative situations, have a positive effect on their SWB, and indirectly promote mental health. At the same time, green space can provide a place for older adults to socialize, enhance the positive impact of neighborhood ties on SWB, and further promote the mental health of older adults. Finally, this study suggests that the government and community managers pay attention to the construction of neighborhood social environment and green space, and provide support for "healthy community" and "healthy aging" planning.

The Urban Park Green Spaces Landscape Premium Functional Value Accounting System: Construction and Application

Urban park green spaces have the functions of improving the urban ecological environment and providing recreational services, and at the same time, they have a certain effect on the value of the surrounding residential property. To quantitatively assess the value of the landscape premium function of park green space, many scholars have carried out research exploration and adopted a variety of methods (such as the contingent valuation method (CVM), travel cost method (TCM) and hedonic price method (HPM)), which have developed from simple theoretical models with single factors to complex empirical models with multiple factors. Among them, the hedonic price method has become the mainstream research method, and in recent years, it has been widely adopted in combination with GIS technology. In terms of research objects, single park green space or multiple park green spaces in large cities are the main focus, while there are fewer studies on park green spaces in built-up areas of small and medium-sized cities. In terms of research content, there are more studies on the value-added coefficient of landscape premium and influence distance, and there are fewer studies on the total value of landscape premium. This article aims to calculate the total landscape premium value of all park green spaces in the built-up areas of small and medium-sized cities, proposing a complete and operable accounting system for the functional value of park green space landscape premiums by combining GIS with a hedonic pricing model and remote sensing image interpretation methods. For the first time, a method for interpreting the height of residential buildings within the benefit range of landscape premium through remote sensing images is proposed, and then the floor area ratio of residential plots is estimated, so as to estimate the total area of actual beneficial buildings. Therefore, this paper takes Chifeng City, a small and medium-sized city, as a case study, and empirically demonstrates the assessment of the landscape premium function of parks and green spaces in the built-up area of Chifeng City by using this accounting system. Research shows that this method has certain feasibility, not only calculating the total value of landscape premium but also addressing the issue in existing studies where all areas within the potential range of landscape premium function are counted as appreciated areas, leading to an overestimation of the premium. It further advances the accuracy of accounting for the value of landscape premium function of urban park green space and provides theoretical reference for the planning and construction of urban park green space.

Quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder model

Abstract The affine coherent state (ACS) quantisation method represents an effective approach to quantisation that can be adapted for the construction of a quantum spherical symmetric gravitational model. The ACS quantisation method is characterised by a relatively straightforward mathematical formalism. The method permits the quantisation of both the spatial and temporal coordinates, thereby enabling the reproduction of the classical quantity as an expectation value of an appropriate quantum observable. This paper presents the ACS quantisation of the Oppenheimer-Snyder (OS) model and discusses the general construction of the ACS quantum space. It also presents a quantum description of the OS model based on the analysis of characteristic quantum observables, with particular emphasis on the gravitational singularity area.

Noncommutative spaces of geodesics with light-like κ-Poincaré covariance

Abstract The aim of this contribution is to highlight the relevance of the so-called light-like (or null-plane) κ-Poincaré quantum deformation in relation with the construction of noncommutative spaces in the context of quantum gravity phenomenology. The role of this deformation is enhanced when, in addition to the construction of quantum group covariant noncommutative spacetimes, noncommutative spaces of geodesics preserving the same quantum group symmetry are also considered.

Vegetation diversity in structure, species or colour: Coupling effects of the different characteristics of urban green spaces on preference and perceived restoration

The benefits of urban green spaces for human beings have become increasingly evident amid global urbanisation, which has exacerbated health issues. However, the effects of different characteristics of urban green spaces, such as vegetation structure, species and colour, on human health and well-being remain poorly understood. This study addressed this gap using a mixed design (between-subjects and within-subjects) and a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design to combine structural diversity, species richness and colour diversity of vegetation. Participants experienced virtual scenes created on Mars to assess preference and perceived restoration. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), beneficial features of urban green space and formulated equations using a linear regression model to explain the joint effects of these characteristics were identified. Results indicate that rich structure, species and colours of vegetation significantly enhance preferences and perceived restoration, with colour having the greatest impact ─ 2.55 times greater than structural diversity and species richness. However, the superposition of multiple features does not mean ‘the more the merrier’, as binary and ternary interactions can have synergistic and erosive roles. Therefore, medium complexity is most beneficial for improving health and well-being. Overall, urban green space construction should consider multiple dimensions for a harmonious relationship between humans and nature, promoting sustainable development.

Изкуство, технологии, власт след „епохата на техническата възпроизводимост“

The study problematizes whether and to what extent digital technologies significantly change the principles of power-arts-society interaction from the analog “age”. In the context of Critical Theory, French poststructuralism and contemporary studies of power-culture-technology relations, receptions of the concept of Аura from Walter Benjamin‘s philosophical essay „The work of art in the age of its technical reproducibility“ are analyzed. In this way, key themes such as the construction of history, the autonomy of art and the construction of social space are brought out.