Russian Construction Research Articles

Digitalization of technological and design decisions making processes in modern construction

The results of the study can expand the implementation field of the “decisions tree” method. This method can be used in the design decision making processes and technological equipment options when choosing construction equipment for the production of earthwork. The study was carried out on the example of the “Voznesensky” Architectural Ensemble? in Tyumen, hereinafter “Voznesensky AE”. Following goals were achieved: options for a traditional approach to determining the need for construction equipment were considered; models and methods of making managerial decisions were analyzed; the method of “decisions tree” was studied, advantages and disadvantages were identified. The “decisions tree” method ia successfully applied in a digital experiment and recommended for real implementation in the development of an algorithm for making design decisions and when choosing options for mechanizing the production of excavation work using the Deductor Academic Studio program at the construction of a real facility. Currently, there are no cases of direct application of the «decision tree» method in the management of projects in the Russian construction industry. There are no published research results to introduce the «decision tree» method in the processes of design and production decisions.

The effect of negative temperatures on the retaining walls of deep pits

In countries with negative winter temperatures, pits and walls of underground structures are subjected to additional forces caused by frost heaving forces. In Russian construction practice, cases of the impact of such forces on the struts and anchors of construction walls are known, which led to the loss of stability of the struts and the failure of the anchors. Obviously, the design of retaining walls in winter should take into account the effect of additional forces caused by frost heaving and their evolution over time. The solution of test problems for an open pit shows that under certain conditions, the forces in the struts can exceed their values by an order of magnitude, determined when taking into account only the active pressure of the soil. Experimental studies were carried out to assess the processes of development of forces in the elements of the retaining walls in winter. The calculated assessment of the temperature fields and the stress-strain state in the excavation walls was performed using the Termoground program. The comparison of results of experimental and calculated data are shown in the article. The comparison of results of experimental and calculated data is shown in the article.

Environmental analysis in bankruptcy diagnosing (the case of construction companies)

The instability of the economic situation, combined with the systematically important nature of the construction industry, attracts attention to the financial viability of construction companies constituting the basis for the successful implementation of their activities in market conditions. The article examines the bankruptcy statistics of Russian construction companies, analyzes the issues of assessing and predicting insolvency and discusses the utility of applying well-known models, in particular, the Altman’s modified five-factor model, in Russian situation. The dynamics of the financial indicators used in the model and Altman's Z-score for construction companies belonging to the “construction of buildings” sector and different in scale of activity are analyzed. The groups of companies are represented by the conditional companies having the median value of all indicators, Conclusions are drawn regarding the probability of bankruptcy for companies belonging to different groups, and regarding the directions for improving the methods for diagnosing the bankruptcy of construction companies.

Optative Constructions in Russian

Dans cet article, nous traiterons des constructions optatives (CO) en russe. Le russe est une langue sans mode optatif spécialisé, mais il emploie toute une série de constructions pour exprimer l’optativité. Nous ferons l’hypothèse que l’optativité entre dans une classe spécifique d’actes de langage que nous appellerons actes de langage manifestés, dont la particularité est de manifester directement l’émotion ou l’attitude du locuteur sans passer par une description de ces états. Nous distinguons les optatifs factitifs, qui utilisent principalement l’indicatif avec marqueurs spécifiques, dont certains sont utilisés pour les impératifs de troisième personne, et les optatifs proprement dits, qui utilisent le mode subjonctif-conditionnel avec différents marqueurs. Nous rangerons ces marqueurs dans des classes qui définissent différents types de CO. La particularité de cette étude est aussi de montrer que l’intonation joue un rôle particulier pour différencier les CO d’autres constructions, mais nous verrons également qu’il peut y avoir de subtiles nuances d’intonation à l’intérieur des CO.

Couplings slip determination of the threadbar of strength class 500 N/mm2

The authors present the results of RD on the topic of coupling slip of threadbar of class Av500P. The aim of the work was to obtain experimental data to study the effect of the threadbar coupling on the slip (deformability) of the joint and taking into account the characteristics of the joint in the design of structures. The strength and deformability of coupling samples of threadbar with a diameter of 16, 25 and 40 mm with an innovative four-sided (four-row) thread profile of class Av500P have been studied in accordance with the methodology of international and Russian standards. The samples were made with different tightening torques of the lock nuts and anchor-adhesive compositions inside the coupling. Along with the results of the study, it can be concluded that these couplings of innovative four-row threadbar of class Av500P meet the requirements of international and Russian standards when applying a certain tightening torque to the tightened lock nuts, depending on the diameter of the fittings to be joined and the use of anchor-adhesive compositions on large and medium diameters of the threadbar to be joined. The diagrams of thread joints obtained during the experiment can be used in design practice when design reinforced concrete structures according to the deformation model. Together, this makes it possible to introduce thread joints into the Russian construction regulatory code.

Russian constructions with ‘take’ expressing an unexpected event: Their historical origin and development in the 19th century

This study aims at elucidating the rise and expansion of four competing Russian constructions expressing the unexpectedness of an event. Тhree of them are built according to the pseudo-coordinative model ‘take and do’ and one follows the serial model ‘take do’. The historical data stemming from the Russian national corpus and covering the whole 19th century reveals striking differences between these constructions in terms of frequency and grammaticalisation, the most peripheral being the serial model. Evidence for ongoing grammaticalisation is mainly based on the rise of non-canonical second verbs denoting an uncontrollable event and inanimate subjects. Special attention will be given to the meanings of the imperative and contextually bound pragmatic effects.

The phenomenon of impersonality: Comparative analysis of constructions in French and Russian.

The phenomenon of impersonality: Comparative analysis of constructions in French and Russian.

The History and Fate of Patriotic Westernism in Russia: from Peter the Great to Peter Stolypin (in the Context of Modernity

The phenomenon of patriotic Westernism arose as a consequence of the need to resolve the contradiction between the inorganic Eurocentric modernization and the cultural and historical foundation of the civilizational identity of Russia, forming and evolving during the 18th – early 20th century. Patriotic Westernism developed as a reaction to criticism from national thought, without completely losing ideological connection with Russophobic/foreign Westernism. In the golden age of the Russian Empire, patriotic Westernism gradually became, at the level of the key theses, the semi-official worldview of both a significant part of the intelligentsia (both liberal, liberal-conservative and revolutionary) and the state authorities. The presence of utopian and inconsistent ideas against the background of the formation of (albeit slow) national-patriotic consciousness led to a wide spread of mimicry within Russophobic Westernism under the patriotic current, so that the identification of a number of representatives of Westernism who appealed to patriotism along the line of “authenticity – imaginary / quasi-patriotism” as not always possible. Adherence to the dogmatic ideas regarding the embryonicity of Russian society, originality as backwardness, invariably led to the fact that patriotic Westernism could give a short-term positive effect, followed by a long-term negative one. The crisis of the paradigm model of patriotic Westernism, which has unfolded in recent times under the influence of the complex of internal and external factors, now deprives it of serious prospects as ideology and practice of Russian national-state construction.

‘At least’, ‘at most’ and the ‘extreme’ measure: The Russian scalar limit operator construction po + Adj + mere

Scalar limit operators (or superlative scalar modifiers), such as at least and at most, have been shown to develop a range of functions crosslinguistically. This article brings to the discussion evidence from Russian – operators based on the construction po + Adj + mere ‘by + Adj + measure’ – and interprets synchronic patterns of associated functions in light of historical change. The construction has given rise to several lexicalized operators, both minimal and maximal, which, similarly to their counterparts in other languages, evoke different kinds of scales pertaining to representational, evaluative, or illocutionary (rhetorical) domains. A corpus-based analysis of their usage across three centuries has revealed a narrowing down of lexical variation within the construction, attributable to competition of different variants for the speaker's selection, and a reduction of the functional overlap between the variants. The data also suggest reorganization of the functional repertoire within particular variants. For the most frequent operator, po krajnej mere ‘at least’ lit. ‘by the extreme measure’, the share of ‘rhetorical’ observations has increased over the years while that of ‘evaluative’ ones has shrunk.

Study of Russian expressions of time in the Chinese audience (based on the material of engineering texts)

He aim of the work is a comparative study of grammatical constructions of the expression of time in the Russian and Chinese languages based on the analysis of texts of engineering and technical discourse. The choice of the texts’ orientation is due to the fact that the research is being carried out in order to improve the quality of teaching Russian to Chinese students at technical universities. Thus, this scientific work is linguodidactic in nature. Its results are addressed to teachers of the Russian language who work with Chinese students and do not speak Chinese. This comparative study was carried out on the material of lexical and grammatical means of expressing the idea of time in the Russian and Chinese languages. All the constructions of time were divided into groups: (1) the designation of time using physical units of time measurement, (2) designation of time without the use of time units - designation of intervals, approximate time, repetitive moments of action. All Russian lexical and grammatical models are presented in the work in the form of a parallel catalog, in which each Russian construction corresponds to a construction-translation into Chinese and the construction following the translation-restoration of the Chinese model by means of the Russian language. Thus, using the compiled catalog, a Russian-speaking teacher who does not speak Chinese can accurately see grammatical discrepancies when expressing the idea of time in two languages and, as a result, compile educational materials that allow students to cope with difficulties faster when studying the constructions of time expression in Russian.

Innovative approach to the organization of internal audit of construction enterprises

Introduction. The widespread introduction of auditing innovations by foreign enterprises lays the foundation for the application of new approaches to solving internal audit tasks. One of such innovative approaches, which has gained popularity among foreign enterprises, having branches in various countries of the world, is remote audit, focused on solving internal audit tasks by using information and communication technologies and ensuring an increase in the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole. Currently, the issue of implementing remote audit is being studied by the most Russian construction companies. Hence, the study focuses on the development of the concept of implementing remote audit by internal audit arms of large construction enterprises.
 
 Materials and methods. The application of methods of analysis and classification of information made it possible to pool the information about the implementation of remote audit at enterprises operating in various fields, organize a substantial information resource, and identify the problems of defining the term “remote audit”. The system method, used in the study, helped to develop the general idea of the process of implementing remote audit, analyze the current conditions affecting its implementation, formulate the factors influencing the implementation of remote audit; determine the principles of its application and the main stages of implementation.
 
 Results. The phased solution of the tasks, outlined in the study, contributed to the development of a concept of introduction of remote audit into the activities of internal audit arms of major construction enterprises having a network of branches that follows the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model, whose cyclical nature contributes to the ongoing improvement of remote audit implementation processes.
 
 Conclusions. The concept for the introduction of remote audit has been developed Based on the results of the study. It allows to significantly unify the process of introducing remote audit into the activities of internal audit arms of large construction enterprises, having a branch network, and decrease the burden on audited companies, labour expenditures of auditors and audit deadlines.

Dynamical Systems Around the Rauzy Gasket and Their Ergodic Properties

AbstractAt the beginning of the 80s, H. Masur and W. Veech started the study of generic properties of interval exchange transformations (IETs) proving that almost every such transformation is uniquely ergodic. About the same time, S. Novikov’s school and French mathematicians independently discovered very intriguing phenomena for classes of measured foliations on surfaces and respective IETs. For instance, minimality is exceptional in these families. A precise version of this statement is a conjecture by Novikov. The French and Russian constructions are very different ones. Nevertheless, in the most simple situation (surfaces of genus three with two singularities) it was recently observed that both foliations share the same type of properties. For instance, the space of minimal parameters is the same, called the Rauzy gasket. However, the precise connection between these two series of works was rather unclear. The aim of this paper is to prove that both theories describe, in different languages, the same objects. This text provides an explicit dictionary between both constructions.

The current level of maturity of BIM technology in construction in the agro-industrial complex of Russia

This article is an overview and, as a research task, introduces the results of early research on the use of digital modeling technologies in the Russian construction industry in general and the agro-industrial complex in particular. The article provides a comparative analysis of "traditional" technologies for the organization and management of construction and the BIM approach, describes the criteria for evaluating these approaches. Like any other technology, BIM has its own stages of development, the characteristics and main parameters of which are given in the work.

Norwegian Compounds and Corresponding Constructions in Russian: The Case of Nouns with Deverbal Heads

ABSTRACT This article presents a corpus study of Norwegian compounds with deverbal heads (e.g., papirproduksjon ‘paper production’ from produsere ‘produce’) and corresponding constructions in Russian, such as the genitive (proizvodstvo bumagi ‘paper production’), the adjective (bumažnoe proizvodstvo ‘paper production’), the preposition (priglašenie na užin ‘dinner invitation’), and compound constructions (zemlevladelec ‘landowner’). Test of the “Non-Head Function Hypothesis” (Mezhevich 2002) indicates that the genitive construction is the most frequent equivalent of Norwegian compounds where the non-head functions as an internal argument (object). However, the adjective and compound constructions represent important competitors, while the preposition construction is more marginal. The genitive construction is shown to be particularly frequent for non-agentive nouns. A number of generalizations about the use of compounds are proposed, and it is argued that the adjective construction involves “typification,” which is an example of the general cognitive process “construal” (Langacker 2008). Finally, an “Extended Non-Head Function Hypothesis” is proposed, according to which the choice of a Russian construction depends on the closeness of the relation between head and non-head of the Norwegian compound. The closer the relation, the more likely is the use of the genitive. The more distant the relation, the more likely is the use of the adjective construction.

Autonomous bi-pronominal distributive constructions in Russian

The paper is devoted to one type of Russian distributive constructions with two interrogative pronouns, such as kto kuda lit. “who where”, kto o čëm lit. “who about what”, kogda kak lit. “when how”, which bear the meaning ‘diff erent Xs are characterized by diff erent Ys’. We discovered that the constructions without a predicate in the right context form a special type, which diff ers both from indirect distributive questions and quasi-relatives in their semantic, pragmatic, syntactic, and communicative properties. Based on corpus data, we show their historical development and modern usage, as well as describe the most frequent lexical variables which fi ll the construction. The conclusion is that the frequency, syntactic features, and degree of idiomatization have their own semantic, communicative, and pragmatic grounds.

Синтаксические средства выражения количества в русском и чешском языках

In the paper the author follows the research of Roman Mrázek in the field of expressing of quantitative relations in Russian compared to Czech. The focus is put on so called mensural constructions, i.e. syntagmas expressing exact dimension in scientific texts with high frequency of occurrence of these quantitative information. The mensural constructions as a syntactic expression of measurable quantity are made of three components. The first one is the subject of the measuring, which is addressed by a quantitative property which is measurable. The other elements are the measured parameter, i.e. the physical entity, which is measured, and a quantifier introducing the result of measurement in the form of a numerical expression (comprising of a numeral and counted subject). The dimension or rate of the subject may be expressed exactly, vaguely (approximately or uncertainly). The author of the paper focuses only on the ways of expression of exact measurable constructions. The author analyzes verbs in function of predicates in these constructions in Czech and Russian. In Russian incongruent attribute is noticed, which is used for indication of exact dimension, magnitude or ratio, expressed by a numerical expression (with or without preposition) and with adverbial in instrumental. The attention is paid to various versions of these syntagmas and their stylistic colouring in Russian, as well as their equivalents in Czech. The researcher concentrates also on the ways of expressing of exact dimension by means of congruent attribute (in compounds with the numeral expressed by a digit) in both languages and on the congruency predicate and subject in mensural constructions and the morphological singular/plural of the predicate in both the languages.

Современная сакральная архитектура как символ архитектурной идентичности и общественное пространство в условиях зимнего города

In this study, we examine a contemporary church building as a powerful symbol of cultural and archi-tectural identity of a city. The city space organized around and inside a religious building is considered as an important public space from the perspective of civilizational culture. During the study, a compara-tive analysis of European and Russian contemporary sacral construction was carried out with the pur-pose of forecasting the development of the present Orthodox architecture, taking into account possi-ble trends, styles and directions. A field survey of 150 contemporary churches in Austria was carried out. Their evolutionary development over the past 120 years was examined both empirically and using scientific literature. In addition, a number of Russian churches, including restored or renovated histori-cal buildings as well as new facilities built after the collapse of the USSR, were studied. As a result, an assessment and explanation of the inevitable appearance of modern trends in the Orthodox Church architecture is given. Historicisms, existing in the Orthodox architecture of our time, are assumed to be related to the forced 70-year pause in the development of Orthodox architecture, rather than to the greater conservatism of the Orthodox religion. Any architecture, even its conservative religious type, responds to events occurring in a society and to arising new cultural and functional needs. As a result, due to a competent interaction of architects and customers, the existing architectural style starts to change gradually in terms of its spatial organization, form, composition, general appearance of the in-ner and outer space, thus giving rise to new symbols of cultural and architectural identity. With the ad-dition of new functions, a church remains to be a unique public building, forming public urban spaces both in and around itself.

Structural Ambiguities of Russian Dative Infinitival Constructions

abstract: This paper addresses the issue of control and raising properties in Russian dative modal constructions with the overt modal element of obligation/necessity nužno 'need'. Using traditional syntactic tests to distinguish raising from control (Davies and Dubinsky 2008), I show that the subject of the lower clause under nužno can be either an overt DP (raising) or PRO controlled by the matrix subject, confirming the correlation between structural selection and interpretive possibilities. Similar to English ambiguous verbs (e.g., begin, threaten ), the modal element nužno can participate in different syntactic structures. I ague that syntactic differences are attributed to the unspecified semantics of nužno , resulting in two possible interpretations of the same modal construction.

German-Russian parallel corpus as an instrument for studying the modality of obligation: Оn semantic differences between müssen and sollen

The purpose of this article is to clarify the semantics of two German verbs expressing the modality of obligation (müssen and sollen) by comparing their translation equivalents from the German-Russian parallel subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus (RNC). These translation equivalents represent a set of Russian words and constructions with a potentially modal meaning, including those not recorded in bilingual and explanatory dictionaries. Some Russian lexical units are used as translation equivalents only for müssen or only for sollen, while others are preferred for one of these verbs, and this preference is not accidental. The distribution of translation equivalents indicates that the verb müssen expresses some absolute necessity, and sollen a kind of relational necessity. Relational necessity is established on the basis of certain correlations. In the ontological plane, it is the correlation represents some logic of the development of events. In the deontic plane, it is the will of another person or one’s own idea of causal relationships. In the communicative plane, it is someone else’s statement. The weakness of necessity, usually recognized as a feature of the modal meaning expressed by the verb sollen, as opposed to the more hard meaning of necessity expressed by müssen, is secondary: it is a potential effect of primordial relationality.

Trends and prospects of the bond financing in the construction sector of the Russian Federation

The authors analyze the data on the issues of bonds for issuers of various types in the Russian construction sector in 2020–2021. The comparison of this instrument of financing with bank crediting is also carried out, and as a result the authors make the conclusion, that the banking sector was used during the studied period more actively because of the interest rates reduction. The other reason of the lag of the bond financing is the opacity of the reporting, made by most the companies in the industry. However, the authors believe that the bond financing of construction can purchase great popularity in case of the rise of the prices of bank loans for construction.