Construction Parameters Research Articles

Determination of device construction design and parameters for copper wire extending methods

This article analyses the factors that affect the surface layers that occur in the stretching methods used for processing on traction machines on copper materials, and the structures of the technological equipment, the causes of which are studied, and provides recommendations. The essence, technical function, basic elements, attachment sequence and principles of operation of the structure of the device recommended for traditional stretching methods are fully stated in the traction machines. In the process of stretching, in the centre of the working part of the device structure, the formulas for determining the compressions, stretches, elongation coefficients, voltages and tensile forces formed by plastic deformation are presented. In the structure of the device, designed with the aim of theoretical substantiation of research, the compression values in the process of stretching copper wires of the M1 brand are determined by the ratio of stretching, and the dependence of the cone angle of the technological unit on the force of gravity is determined by the parameters for the traditional method of stretching Based on these results, to stretch coloured metal wires in a cylindrical shape using ballots, the device structure is recommended as technological equipment for traction machines used in industry.

Constructions of asymptotically optimal codebooks with respect to Welch bound and Levenshtein bound

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Codebooks with small maximum cross-correlation amplitudes are used to distinguish the signals from different users in code division multiple access communication systems. In this paper, several classes of codebooks are introduced, whose maximum cross-correlation amplitudes asymptotically achieve the corresponding Welch bound and Levenshtein bound. Specially, a class of optimal codebooks with respect to the Levenshtein bound is obtained. These classes of codebooks are constructed by selecting certain rows deterministically from circulant matrices, Fourier matrices and Hadamard matrices, respectively. The construction methods and parameters of some codebooks provided in this paper are new.</p>

Mathematical model of the process of contact interaction of the copier with the head of the chicory root crop

One of the reserves for improving the quality indicators of haulm harvesters is to improve the technological process of haulm cutting by improving the design of cutters for haulm residues from the heads of root crops. In this regard, the development of new and improved working bodies for trimming the remains of tops from the heads of chicory root crops and studying the influence of the constructive and kinematic parameters of the cutter in order to improve the performance of haulm harvesters is an urgent scientific task. The developed mathematical models of the process of contact interaction of the copier with the head of the chicory root crop are the initial prerequisites for further technological analysis of cutting the remains of tops from the heads of root crops. The final solutions of integral equations will make it possible to justify the main parameters of the pruner based on the conditions of permissible horizontal force and permissible normal stresses, or from the condition of not knocking out root crops from the soil and not damaging root crops.

Numerical modeling and sensitivity analysis of the thermal behavior of an underfloor heating system using COMSOL Multiphysics software

Due to their many advantages over conventional heating systems, underfloor heating systems have seen an increase in their use, particularly in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The main objective of this work is to carry out a parametric study to predict the thermal behavior of various heating floor construction type, such as homogeneous floor, single layer floor and double layer floors, under the variation of several construction and operation parameters, using a numerical simulator for the three-dimensional calculation in a transient state. The results obtained by numerical simulation show that the supply water temperature, the type and thickness of the floor covering are among the parameters that have a significant effect on the level of thermal comfort. Moreover, the insertion of an insulation layer below the heating circuit provides both thermal and acoustic insulation.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ РАЗРАБОТКИ ШИРОКОЗАХВАТНОЙ ДОЖДЕВАЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

In most regions of the Russian Federation, agricultural production is conducted in conditions with a lack of precipitation and a stable level of agricultural production, high yields can be achieved only through additional irrigation. Sprinklers developed in the "Soviet era" and still widely used in the fields today no longer meet modern requirements and often do not provide high-quality irrigation of crops. A new concept is needed in the design of sprinkler equipment, new methods and approaches, clarification of the required parameters. It is important not only to modernize and restore working sprinklers, but also to develop and produce new reliable, high-quality models. The purpose of the presented work was to form a new design concept for wide-coverage sprinkler equipment in accordance with operating conditions, taking into account the principles of resource conservation and criteria for assessing the technical level. One of the promising and practical directions in the design of sprinklers is the principle of resource conservation. In the article the directions of improvement of constructive and technical parameters are considered and the concept of development of sprinklers depending on operating conditions is formed. The connection of constructive solutions for individual nodes and aggregates with resource-saving capabilities and limiting factors arising from them is presented. Specific requirements for the sprinkler machine, its parameters and modes of operation have been formed. The presented concept formed the basis of the principles of the development of a series of sprinkler machines "Kuban-LK1M" (CASCADE) and "CASCADE".

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The work is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the optical-mechanical sensor for the measurement control of geometric characteristics of firearms bores. The results of the analysis of publications devoted to the structure and application of measuring devices based on the triangulation method of distances determining are given. The limited possibility of applying of the results obtained in known works in the creation of an optical-mechanical sensor for diagnosing of firearms bores was noted. Features of construction and basic geometric parameters of the optical-mechanical sensor are considered. A description of the measurement method is given, which provides for the calculation of the desired distance using the known parameters of the optical scheme of the optical-mechanical sensor and the linear and angular parameters of the triangles consisting of the elements of the optical scheme of the sensor. An expression for the dependence of the angle between the optical axis of the receiving lens and the light-sensitive detector from other basic geometric parameters of the optical-mechanical sensor was obtained using the basic formula for a thin lens. The expression determines the angular position of the light-sensitive detector in relation to the main optical axis of the receiving lens and should be taken into account as a limitation in the practical implementation of the sensor. The conversion function of the optical-mechanical sensor is determined, which establishes the dependence between the increment of the coordinate of the light spot on the surface of the light-sensitive detector of the sensor and the increment of the radius of the bore. An expression for solving the inverse problem � calculating the value of the input value based on measurement information about the output value � was obtained. Graphs of these functions for typical combinations of optical-mechanical sensor parameters are given. A study of the linearity of the conversion function of the optical-mechanical sensor and the nature of its sensitivity change within the range of measurement was conducted.

Deep Analysis of Risks and Recent Trends Towards Network Intrusion Detection System

In the modern world, information security and communications concerns are growing due to increasing attacks and abnormalities. The presence of attacks and intrusion in the network may affect various fields such as social welfare, economic issues and data storage. Thus intrusion detection (ID) is a broad research area, and various methods have emerged over the years. Hence, detecting and classifying new attacks from several attacks are complicated tasks in the network. This review categorizes the security threats and challenges in the network by accessing present ID techniques. The major objective of this study is to review conventional tools and datasets for implementing network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) with open source malware scanning software. Furthermore, it examines and compares state-of-art NIDS approaches in regard to construction, deployment, detection, attack and validation parameters. This review deals with machine learning (ML) based and deep learning (DL) based NIDS techniques and then deliberates future research on unknown and known attacks.

Вдосконалення конструкції бітерів дозатора кормів порційної дії

Вдосконалення конструкції бітерів дозатора кормів порційної дії

Thermal quenching of lanthanide luminescence via charge transfer states in inorganic materials

The thermal quenching data of 5d emission from Eu2+ and Ce3+ and 4f emission from Pr3+, Eu3+, and Tb3+ are shown to be consistent with vacuum referred binding energy schemes. The scheme construction parameters of 170 different compounds are provided.

RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT OF KINEMATIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BUCKETLESS ROTARY WORKING BODIES OF TRENCH EXCAVATORS ON THE ENERGY INTENSITY OF SOIL EXCAVATION

This article delves into the determination of the physical essence of the working process of bucketless rotary working body in longitudinal digging excavators and the rational choice of their kinematic and geometric parameters. The research was conducted using a physical-mathematical modelling stand for continuous-action earthmoving machinery processes, with a physical model of a bucketless rotary working body of a trenching excavator manufactured at a 1:5 scale. The study explores and elucidates the physical nature of trench excavation using a bucketless rotary working body. The process of soil development involves the extraction of soil chips by the rotor from the mass, the movement of the excavated soil into the internal annular cavities of the rotor, jamming the mentioned soil mass in these cavities, and lifting the soil concentrated in these voids to the unloading node of the rotor through the frictional forces of the soil on the working surfaces of the rotor and soil unloading. The transport of the excavated soil by the rotor for unloading is carried out in a continuous flow, rather than in separate portions, as is the case with the working bodies of traditional design. Forced unloading of soil from the rotor using two-stage unloading nodes allows for effective soil development over a wide range of cutting speeds and fully utilizes any power capacity of the machine's power plant. This advantage of bucketless rotary working bodies in trenching excavators over other traditional designs of working equipment is unique. An analysis of the obtained results of experimental studies of the physical model (1:5 scale) of the bucketless rotary working body of the excavator enabled the determination of the energy intensity of soil excavation, the range of possible changes in the productivity of trenching excavators with bucketless rotary working bodies when changing machine operating modes. It has been proven that the energy intensity of soil excavation with bucketless rotary working bodies is in the range of 0.25…0.30 kWh/m³. Rational values of the constructive parameters of the rotor, namely the width of the rotor's cross-arms and the angle of their installation on the central disk of the rotor, have been established as the main constructive parameters of the rotor.

Optimization of intelligent compaction based on finite element simulation and nonlinear multiple regression

<abstract> <p>In intelligent compaction, a critical issue is determining the combination of construction parameters (e.g., the rolling speed and the number of passes) for achieving optimal compaction results. In this paper, a finite element model was developed based on the Mohr-Coulomb elasto-plastic model to simulate the field compaction process of subgrade, which was validated by field compaction tests. Nonlinear multiple regression was used to match the impacts of construction factors on compaction quality based on the model simulation. Then, the linear search approach was used to find the ideal combination of construction parameters that optimizes the compaction quality. The findings indicated that the ideal combination of construction parameters for reaching the ideal compaction degree is a rolling speed of 1.3 m/s with 4 roller passes.</p> </abstract>

Optimization of construction parameters of large rectangular pipe jacking in saturated soft ground

Optimization of construction parameters of large rectangular pipe jacking in saturated soft ground

Rectilinear car motions taking into account the elasticity and deformability of tires

In this paper, the problem of developing a mathematical model of rectilinear motion of a car is solved, taking into account the elasticity and deformability of tires, as well as, for the same radii of the wheels of the car, and taking into account plane-parallel motion at a constant speed. The kinetic energy of the rectilinear motion of the car is found in the case of the same rotation of the front wheels around the axis of the pivots. Generalized forces are taken as sum of forces acting on the system and forces due to the deformation of the pneumatics. The forces acting on the system are found by virtual work method. The forces due to the deformation of the pneumatics are found as the generalized forces acting on the system under consideration, in the calculation of which all forces are taken into account, except for the tire deformation forces associated with angles and displacements. Using these kinetic energies and generalized force expressions, Lagrange's equations of the second type were used to obtain the differential equations of the rectilinear motion of the car. From the resulting mathematical model, it is possible to check and analyze the dynamics and stabilities of the system in various specific cases, i.e., under the influence of non-potential forces in the tire materials, and at large values of the tire kinematic parameters, and at high speed movements of the car. As a result of determining the stability field and stability borders at different values of constructive parameters, it will be possible to find the optimal parameters of the system and study its dynamics.

Converting carbon black into an efficient and multi-site ORR electrocatalyst: the importance of bottom-up construction parameters.

To boost efficient energy transitions, alternatives to expensive and unsustainable noble metal-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are needed. Having this in mind, carbon black - Black Pearls 2000 (BP) was enriched in active nitrogen-containing centers, including single-atom Fe-N sites surrounded by Fe nanoclusters, through a synthesis methodology employing only broadly available precursors. The methodical approach taken to optimize the synthesis conditions highlighted the importance of (1) a proper choice of the Fe precursor; (2) melamine as an N source to limit the formation of magnetite crystals and modulate the charge density nearby the active sites, and glucose to chelate/isolate Fe atoms and thus allow the Fe-N coordination to be established, with a limiting formation of Fe0 clusters; and (3) a careful dosing of the Fe load. The ORR on the optimized electrocatalyst (Fe0.06-N@BP) proceeds mostly through a four-electron pathway, having an onset potential (0.912 V vs. RHE) and limiting current density (4.757 mA cm-2) above those measured on Pt/C (0.882 V and 4.657 mA cm-2, respectively). Moreover, the current density yielded by Fe0.06-N@BP after 24 h at 0.4 V vs. RHE was still above that of Pt/C at t = 0 (4.44 mA cm-2), making it a promising alternative to noble metal-containing electrocatalysts in fuel cells.

A Whale Optimization Algorithm with Distributed Collaboration and Reverse Learning Ability

Due to the development of digital transformation, intelligent algorithms are getting more and more attention. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is one of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms and is widely used to solve practical engineering optimization problems. However, with the increased dimensions, higher requirements are put forward for algorithm performance. The double population whale optimization algorithm with distributed collaboration and reverse learning ability (DCRWOA) is proposed to solve the slow convergence speed and unstable search accuracy of the WOA algorithm in optimization problems. In the DCRWOA algorithm, the novel double population search strategy is constructed. Meanwhile, the reverse learning strategy is adopted in the population search process to help individuals quickly jump out of the non-ideal search area. Numerical experiments are carried out using standard test functions with different dimensions (10, 50, 100, 200). The optimization case of shield construction parameters is also used to test the practical application performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the DCRWOA algorithm has higher optimization accuracy and stability, and the convergence speed is significantly improved. Therefore, the proposed DCRWOA algorithm provides a better method for solving practical optimization problems.

基于朴素贝叶斯算法评估页岩油藏产能

Shale oil, as an unconventional oil and gas resource with huge reserves, has become an important replacement resource and great significance to develop. Aiming at the problems of rapid decline oil production in the depletion development of shale oil reservoirs by "depleted horizontal well+volume fracturing", and the lower recovery factor predicted by the existing productivity evaluation methods in shale reservoir, we construct a productivity evaluation method for fractured horizontal wells based on naive Bayes algorithm. Taking the Jimsar shale reservoir in Xinjiang oilfield as the target reservoir, we establish the multi-classification Naive Bayes prior probability model and the conditional probability model containing five attributes of geological parameters and engineering parameters by taking the three-year cumulative production as the classification evaluation index. Then we obtain the posterior-probability model of the four types of production capacity based on Bayesian theory to achieve the capacity assessment of fractured horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs. The results show that the proposed shale reservoir capacity classification method based on the Naive Bayes model is applicable. The accuracy of productivity prediction is 94% for Class Ⅰ wells, 71% for Class Ⅱ wells, 87% for Class Ⅲ wells, and 92% for Class Ⅳ wells, respectively. The productivity classification trend distribution map of fracturing horizontal wells in Jimsar shale reservoir is drawn, and the high-production potential area is mainly distributed in the southeast of the reservoir. The analysis of the constructed posterior probability model shows that the optimization of fracturing construction parameters can improve the probability of high well production rate. The study provides a guiding basis for the subsequent large-scale fracturing reconstruction of horizontal wells for shale oil development.

Comparison of psychometric and pathopsychological approaches in the assessment of intellectual activity in children and adolescents with progressive forms of schizophrenia

To study the intellectual activity of children and adolescents with progressive forms of schizophrenia using quantitative and qualitative diagnostic methods. An experimental group consisted of 67 children and adolescents (mean age 11.1±2.8 years) with mental pathology of schizophrenia spectrum with varying severity of the disease (malignant, progressive, and low progressive course) and leading clinical syndromes (catatonic, psychopathic, neurosis-like, and hyperkinetic). A control group included 63 children and adolescents (mean age 11.1±3.0 years) without a verified psychiatric diagnosis, secondary schools' students. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) was used for assessing intelligence, the Design of objects method was used for assessing the characteristics of thinking. The relationship between thinking disorders and the parameters of verbal intelligence in patients with schizophrenia was shown (the Information subtest is related to all Object Construction parameters, r=0.401 to r=0.634; verbal IQ score is associated with some Object Construction scores, r=0.541 to r=0.537). In the control group, such a relationship was not noted. A decrease in the level of intelligence and severe thinking disorders is associated with such clinical factors as the malignant course of the disease (mean Full IQ score is 60.1, z-value of the coefficient of standardization in relation to the age norm is -2.1) and catatonic syndrome (mean Full IQ score is 68.1, coefficient of standardization is 60%). The use of psychometric and pathopsychological approaches in the diagnosis of intellectual activity complements each other.

Influence of structural and constructional parameters of knitted fabrics on the thermal properties of men's socks

The research is focused on determining the influence of structural and constructional parameters of rib knitted fabrics on the thermal properties of men's socks. Men's socks are made in three different pattern constructions of three types of basic yarns: bamboo, cotton and a cotton/polyester blend with the additional filament polyamide yarn and wrapped rubber wire for the so-called render socks. For all analyzed sock rib patterns, the most important structural parameters of the yarn and construction parameters of the knitted fabrics were determined. Thermal properties of socks such as the cool touch feeling property, thermal conductivity, heat retention coefficient and thermal resistance were determined by using Thermal Labo and Thermal Mannequin measuring devices. The structural and constructional parameters of knitted fabrics were shown to affect the investigated thermal properties of the socks, making them more or less insulating or heat conducting. Values of the warm-cold feeling parameter as well as thermal conductivity vary depending on the construction pattern, showing a decrease as the number of face loops is increased i.e. in the sequence R1:1> R3:1> R7:1. The ability to retain heat decreases in the opposite sequence R7:1 > R3:1 > R1:1. The highest values of heat retention were determined for R7:1 rib knitted socks by both methods. A regression equation has been established with thickness, loop length, mass per unit area and porosity as independent variables, and thermal resistance (determined by the Thermo Labo method) as the dependent variable. The loop length and mass per unit area were shown to contribute significantly to the model.

Теоретичне обґрунтування конструктивних особливостей котка для передпосівного обробітку ґрунту

The article presents the results of exploratory theoretical studies of the design features of a roller for pre-sowing tillage. According to the number of operations, the rolling roller can be considered as one of the main means for ensuring high-quality preparation of the field for sowing. Therefore, the rolling process must be considered as a complex of operations, and its construction as a combination of the latter. The technological process of rolling helps to optimally place the seeds at a given depth, improves the contact between the seeds and the soil, and contributes to the rapid swelling and germination of the seeds. The main purpose of rolling is to conserve soil moisture, especially in arid conditions, by reducing physical evaporation. The analysis of the existing designs of domestic and foreign manufacturers of rolling rollers for pre-sowing soil cultivation and the technological process they perform showed that today the range of designs is growing, versatility is decreasing, each type of work requires its own roller, continuous formation of the compacted bottom of the seedbed with modern rollers in is not fully implemented. The main direction on which foreign roller manufacturers are working is strip rolling and preparation of the seed bed directly along the track of the coulters if the roller is part of the seeding unit. In addition to the classic ones, there are practically no cats for continuous rolling in the company's assortment. It has been established that the technological process will be more rational when rolling occurs not only in the upper layers of the soil, but also in the lower ones. For this purpose, a combined rolling roller with working elements of the cam type was proposed. A mathematical model of the interaction of the rolling roller and its elements with the soil has been developed. The proposed mathematical model of the working process of the improved roller allows to establish the nature of the specific pressure distribution depending on the constructive parameters of the roller elements and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The effectiveness of the proposed design of the rolling roller is ensured by the fact that due to the design of the working surface and cams, it is possible to ensure uniform compaction of the soil along the width of the grip of the roller and to the required depth and reduce the number of passes of the roller to ensure the necessary uniformity of compaction.

Analysis of the Influence of Oblique Shield Tunnel Construction on Existing Tunnels: A FLAC3D Modeling Approach

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the influence parameters associated with the construction of a shield tunnel crossing an existing tunnel at an oblique angle. A three-dimensional model was developed using the finite difference software FLAC3D to simulate the construction process. The influence parameters, including geometric spatial position, shield construction parameters, and surrounding rock soil properties near the existing tunnel, were thoroughly examined. The degree of impact resulting from the oblique shield tunnel construction on existing tunnels was determined based on ground displacement, settlement of the existing tunnel, and changes in soil layers. The study summarizes the identified impact laws and investigates the interaction relationship between newly constructed shield tunnels, soil, and existing tunnels. The findings of this research provide a solid research foundation for ensuring the safety control of shield tunneling in proximity to existing tunnels.