Construction Sphere Research Articles

Factors affecting time and cost in road construction projects at a South African municipality

The South African construction sector is confronted by significant obstacles, particularly concerning cost overruns and project delays within the road construction sphere. This research sought to investigate the factors impacting cost and duration in road construction projects under the purview of a KwaZulu-Natal municipality. A qualitative research approach was adopted to explore this phenomenon. A sample size of 27 participants was selected from a population of 171 for in-depth semi-structured interviews. Critical determinants of cost overruns and delays were identified as ineffective communication, suboptimal procurement processes, deficient stakeholder management, and shortcomings in project execution and personnel capabilities. This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between cost, time, and the successful delivery of road projects within the local government context. By illuminating these factors, the research contributes to a deeper theoretical understanding, informs evidence-based policy development, and provides actionable recommendations for enhancing project management practices.

Assessing risks and opportunities associated with ESG factorsin investment projects

Our aim was to investigate the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on risks and opportunities in investment and construction projects. The research methodology involved a review of scientific publications, both domestic and foreign, concerning ESG factors and approaches to their integration into investment projects. This allowed us to develop a step-by-step approach to assessing the impact of these factors on the risks and opportunities in investment construction projects. The proposed approach consists in identifying significant ESG aspects, carrying out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the associated risks and opportunities, and establishing a system for managing ESG factors within a particular project. In addition, we developed a system of quantitative indicators for assessing ESG factors, allowing them to be taken into account when designing a financial and economic model of the project. Theoretical results related to the development of an algorithm for assessing the impact of ESG factors and the system of indicators for their quantitative measurement were obtained. It is concluded that the assessment and management of ESG factors play an important role in improving the sustainability and efficiency of investment and construction projects. Further research should be focused on the creation of industry standards and indicators for assessing ESG factors in the sphere of investment and construction, as well as on the improvement of tools for environmental funding of projects.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: FROM THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSING MARKET UNDER THE TERMS OF FINANCIAL LEASING

In the article, a study was conducted on the consideration of the advantages and possibilities of implementing the process of digitalization of the construction sector in the context of strategic management, taking into account the possibilities and need for effective interaction and interconnection of the state and business structures, taking this into account when developing effective mechanisms for its implementation in order to provide the population with housing on terms of financial leasing. The purpose of the article is the development of theoretical approaches and the development of practical recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of strategic management of the construction sector in the context of its digitalization, outlining the relationship with the real estate market, taking into account the prospects of providing the population with housing under the terms of financial leasing. The methodological basis of the article is a number of methods that ensure the reliability of the obtained results and conclusions, in particular, such as: monographic, logical, descriptive-analytical, analysis, synthesis, system approach, theoretical generalization, observation, quantitative and qualitative comparison. The article examines the digitalization of the construction sector of Ukraine in the context of strategic management as a vital necessity to ensure recovery in the post-war and post-war periods, as an important stage in the development of infrastructure and the economy in general. Attention is focused on the importance of developing a program of actions taking into account the implementation of digitization mechanisms, taking into account the interrelationship and dependence of the effective functioning of the economy on the level of development of innovative technologies, regulatory and legal support, the field of education, in particular higher education, and the development of public-private partnerships. The advantages and disadvantages of digitalization of the construction sphere of Ukraine are considered, taking into account the challenges that this sphere faces in modern business conditions. The role of digitization in the housing market under the terms of financial leasing and the main aspects in which digital technologies change this market are determined.

THE STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PRICING DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION OF ANTENNA-MAST STRUCTURES OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS

The article examines issues related to the current state and problems of pricing in the field of construction of antenna-mast structures of cellular communications. The authors point out the peculiarity of the considered sphere of construction in terms of the mechanism for determining the estimated cost using tariffers, which differs from the generally accepted method, which implies the use of approved estimated standards, and is due to the lack of prices in the current regulatory framework that allow full marking of special types of work performed during the construction of antenna-mast structures. The disadvantages of this approach are given due to the establishment of prices in the tariff for enlarged work complexes and elements of the structure as a whole, which does not allow taking into account factors that have a significant impact on the design features of the support and, as a result, the cost of its construction and depend on the construction conditions and customer requirements. At the same time, the authors note and clearly confirm the absence of linking the rates of the tariff to the amount of work actually performed and the consumption of resources during the construction of a specific antenna-mast structure, which entails an unreliable estimate of the cost of construction. Separately, a comparison of the cost of materials for the construction of supports of the same height, depending on the projected payload, is provided, which also confirms the need to revise the existing pricing system. The authors provide recommendations aimed at improving the pricing mechanism used: options are proposed for the development and implementation of estimated standards for the construction area under consideration, as well as for improving the tariff rates in the interaction of construction organizations and customers.

Approaches to sustainable development of production systems in the sphere of housing construction on the basis of application of “green” standards

Aim. To determine the problematics of the application of “green” standards in the field of housing construction and its impact on the management of sustainable development of production systems based on the application of “green” standards in the marketing sphere, as well as to propose options for solutions to problematic issues and directions for further research.Objectives. To analyze statistical information, as well as regulatory documentation in the field of “green” certification of residential real estate; to identify the problems of applied standards; to offer possible solutions to problematic issues in the aspect of application of “green” standards in the marketing sphere; to determine the necessary measures to implement the principles of sustainable development of production systems in general and adaptation of “green” standards in the assortment policy, marketing sphere of production systems in particular; to determine the directions for further research.Methods. When conducting the research, general scientific methods such as general analysis, expert assessments and generalization, document analysis, abstraction, comparison were used.Results. In the course of the study, the research revealed consolidated groups of problems, including “green” certification in the sphere of individual housing construction in conditions of non-systemic control of the process and results of activity in the marketing sphere of production systems (defined as a goal of further research); the problems of application of the approved and implemented in 2022 “green” state standard in the field of apartment building were revealed. During the analysis of regulatory documentation (GOST R 70346-2022. “Green” standards. Buildings of multifamily residential “green”. Evaluation methods and criteria for design, construction and operation) methodological problems of applying the criteria of group No. 6 “Materials and resource efficiency” are studied, possible solutions are proposed, directions for further research are outlined, the impact of these issues on the complex of management of sustainable development of production systems based on the application of “green” standards in the marketing sphere is shown. In addition, the classification of building evaluation stages in terms of construction stages is given.Conclusions. Approaches to the sustainable development of production systems in the sphere of housing construction, production and application of building materials have a special significance in public policy. An example is the “green” state standard, which is adopted in 2022, its popularization including through “Dom.RF”. However, the current certification mechanism, with all its advantages and merits, has a number of limitations in its application: lack of information from the developer, especially about completed objects, lack of comprehensive systems and registers of “green” solutions and materials, insufficient regulatory mechanisms in case of conflict between environmental friendliness and economic efficiency. These limitations are analyzed in the context of the block of criteria № 6 “Materials and resource efficiency”, and possible solutions are proposed, including the development of a comprehensive system and register of solutions and materials that meet the principles of sustainable development; accumulation of optional but necessary data on the certification of materials and solutions by the developer; proportional reduction of the tax base to compensate for the additional costs arising from the use of more expensive but more environmentally friendly materials and solutions; introduction of a new system and registry of “green” solutions and materials that meet the principles of sustainable development. The authors also identify directions for future research.

Modeling and optimization of costs associated with the development of clustered organizational management structures in construction companies

The article aims to examine models and methods of cost optimization associated with the development of clustered organizational structures in construction companies. The research methodology involved an analysis of existing approaches, simulation modeling, and econometric equation analysis. As a result, different approaches to cost estimation and optimization applied in the construction sphere are presented. Particular attention is paid to the development of complex models and their optimization under the conditions of uncertainty through simulation modeling of various scenarios of cluster organizational structures in construction companies. The analysis also includes an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of econometric semi-linear dynamic equations and the feasibility of their application. The discussion section emphasizes the importance of integrating different optimization methods to achieve the most optimal outcome in the management of construction companies. Further research directions are outlined. The results can be relevant when formulating development strategies and making investment decisions in the construction sphere. The research conclusions confirm the significance of applying modern cost optimization methods to improve the management efficiency of construction companies and their competitiveness in the market of construction services.

To the Jubilee of the Honored Researcher of the Russian Federation, Professor A.V. Vardanyan

The article is devoted to the creative and scientific contribution of the Honored Researcher of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Professor, Akop Varazdatovich Vardanyan to the development of criminalistic theory and the improvement of the law enforcement practice of crime counteraction. The author analyzes his key works and evaluates his research findings in the sphere of the general theory of criminalistics and special criminalistic methodologies of investigating specific types and groups of crime — those in the sphere of housing construction and land legal relations, economic and foreign trade activities, insurance, shadow trade in pharmaceuticals, extremism and terrorism, illegal migration. His personal contribution to the development of criminalistic didactics, creation of the school of research, establishment and work of the dissertation council are also stressed.

LEGAL REGULATION OF INDIVIDUAL HOUSING CONSTRUCTION: PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the analysis of law enforcement problems arising in the sphere of individual housing construction. Despite the fact that in recent years the state has actively supported individual housing construction (hereinafter referred to as housing construction), both by developing and implementing various socially oriented programs, providing support measures for certain categories of the population, and by improving legislation and reducing administrative barriers, the problems of law enforcement remain. The concretization of the characteristics of housing leads to disputes in connection with the classification of constructed housing as unauthorized construction in the case of deviations from the established norms. There are also disputes of other nature, which are also considered in this article. The purpose of the study is to identify modern problems of legal regulation of housing and communal services based on the analysis of the practice of judicial enforcement and to find ways to solve them. Results. As a result of the study, the author's conclusions are formulated on what problems of legal regulation can be defined as the most urgent and require action, as well as proposals to improve legislation in this area, proposals to change the existing wording of the norms of current law.

ВОПРОСЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ НА ОСНОВЕ РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕЙ МОДЕЛИРЕМОНТНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ

The relevance of the study is caused by unresolved problems of preventing the negative impact of production and consumption waste generated in the process of life support of settlements. According to the authors, the most promising area for the study of such a life–threatening technosphere object as waste is the sphere of construction and urban management and its most important sector - construction, reconstruction, repair, renovation of real estate. During the study, it was found that the waste of repair and construction production, most of its mass, which are low-hazard and practically harmless to the environment, serve as a source of various types of valuable secondary raw materials. This raw material can be used in the production of a wide range of construction and other products, the production of works for various purposes, as sources of alternative energy sources. The purpose of this study was to form the configuration of a resource-saving model of repair and construction works as a mechanism for ensuring the environmental safety of the urban environment, preventing natural emergencies, their adverse consequences for the life of the population, the sustainable functioning of economic facilities, conservation and protection of the natural environment and natural resources. The scientific approach proposed in the work is aimed at obtaining two important scientific and practical results: preventing the negative impact of waste on the environment at the source of their formation: the processes of repair and construction work and, at the same time, the technological transformation of useful resource components of waste into secondary material and energy resources. This ensures the second important result: the preservation of the country's natural resources by replacing them with secondary raw materials and alternative energy sources. The research is applied in nature, its results can be used in the implementation of measures for the transition of the construction and urban management system to a resource-saving technological way of environmentally safe life support for settlements.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article considers modern trends in the development of the market of individual housing construction in Russia and foreign countries. It is shown that the development of private homeownership is based on the tendency to individualization of personal space, which is a bright attribute of the national mentality of the inhabitants of countries with the lowest density of settlement. Besides, having one's own house will stimulate people to create a family and increase the number of children. The features of the Soviet period in the sphere of construction and spatial development are analyzed. The then existing emphasis on the development of mass apartment construction and high degree of urbanization led to the degradation of rural areas due to the mass outflow of population to the cities. Today it is necessary to change the existing model of spatial development, using foreign experience of suburbanization as a progressive direction of low-rise housing development. The authors emphasize that government support and IT technologies can act as drivers in the development of the Russian housing market.

РАЗВИТИЕ РЫНКА ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО ЖИЛИЩНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА: РОССИЙСКИЕ И МИРОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ

The article considers modern trends in the development of the market of individual housing construction in Russia and foreign countries. It is shown that the development of private homeownership is based on the tendency to individualization of personal space, which is a bright attribute of the national mentality of the inhabitants of countries with the lowest density of settlement. Besides, having one's own house will stimulate people to create a family and increase the number of children. The features of the Soviet period in the sphere of construction and spatial development are analyzed. The then existing emphasis on the development of mass apartment construction and high degree of urbanization led to the degradation of rural areas due to the mass outflow of population to the cities. Today it is necessary to change the existing model of spatial development, using foreign experience of suburbanization as a progressive direction of low-rise housing development. The authors emphasize that government support and IT technologies can act as drivers in the development of the Russian housing market.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ФОРМИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНО-БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ

Today, the increase in innovative activity in organizations of all branches of the national economy is a key to the development of the state's economy in general. However, in the rating of innovative and active industries, the construction industry occupies one of the last places. Emphasizing the differences of construction organizations, one can assume the need to use different approaches to solving the problems of increasing their innovative potential. In this task, the innovative development of organizations of the investment and construction complex, taking into account the application of new technical developments, is of a strategic nature and requires decision-making only at the level of top managers and enterprise owners. Innovative development of the organization takes the form of a purposeful process that causes qualitative changes, complex and multifaceted, regarding the specifics of the construction company as a socio-economic system. System analysis is important, which makes it possible to choose an effective vector for increasing the innovative potential of the organization of the investment and construction complex. Arguments justifying the need to increase the innovative activity of construction organizations are presented. The strategic nature of innovative development is shown. The need for a systematic approach to increasing the innovative potential of organizations in the construction industry is substantiated. The issue of project integration into the management system of the construction organization was considered. The concept of development and its main distinguishing aspects in the pre- and post-crisis periods are considered; the current state of development in Ukraine is characterized; the impact of the organizational structure and management of the development project on its results is considered. The article considers conceptual approaches to the development of the development of the investment and construction sphere. A conclusion was made about the expediency of land development, which involves the transition from "spot" development to complex development of territories. Also, the problem of increasing the efficiency of the process of introducing innovations in construction is considered. In order to ensure the maximum financial return and reduce the incurred costs, the authors suggest using the fi-development scheme as a management innovation.

Information modeling technologies as a growth factor of investment activity in construction

The transition to a new model of economic growth of a country with a sovereign economy requires a significant increase in investment activity not only in the housing sector, road transport infrastructure, but also in the industrial sector of the national economy. The main burden on the creation of industrial enterprises of new industries in the field of high technology lies on the state budget. Meanwhile, a number of projects for the construction of new industrial enterprises, reconstruction and overhaul of existing ones are initiated by the business environment. The active development of industrial mortgages, which started in 2022, opens up new opportunities for activating the sphere of industrial construction. Obviously, the volumes, terms and objects of lending are currently burdened with a number of requirements and restrictions. The analysis carried out by the authors showed that the use of information modeling technologies, big data and artificial intelligence are able, providing transparency of investment and construction processes, to level the risks of their lending. Moreover, bearing in mind the long duration of construction, the authors suggest using smart contracts that allow making operational adjustments to the course of construction.

The impact of BIM authoring tools on the architectural profession in Jordan

Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies have attracted much research attention, especially in the last fifteen years. The prospects and benefits that BIM promises for all participants in the design, construction and operation of buildings are hopeful and enthusiastic. Nevertheless, the global adoption of BIM has been slow and uneven. A bibliometric analysis shows that BIM research is concentrated in a few centers and performed by a narrow group of specialists. As a result, there are research areas with few or no publications (“blind spots”). One such area is the economics of BIM implementation. Considering the transition to the use of BIM as an investment project, the authors of the article formulate the necessary conditions for BIM implementation to become investment attractive. It is shown that the participation of governmental structures is necessary for a wide transition to digital technologies in the architectural and construction sphere.

TRENDS AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION IN THE WORLD AND DOMESTIC PRACTICE OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION

The main objective of the state policy in the sphere of civil construction in the Republic of Belarus is to increase the volume of civil construction and decrease its cost. The criteria of building in the shortest possible time, reducing its cost and providing the population with affordable housing is more consistent with the prefabricated construction, the wide possibilities of which are time-tested. In the article the results of studies of distribution of volumes of civil construction depending on the technology of erection of buildings in the Republic of Belarus are presented and the comparison of volumes of prefabricated construction in the world practice of housing construction is presented. The actual directions and tendencies of scientific research in the field of prefabricated construction, the structure of citation of publications, key researchers, countries and institutions by involvement in research in the field of prefabricated construction are determined. The results showed that prefabricated construction is one of the most intensively developing and promising areas of research in the field of construction and building technology in the world.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FIRE PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO TYPES OF COATINGS

Materials from natural raw materials are always of great demand in the sphere of construction, both large-sized structures and the smallest decoration elements. Regardless of the area of use, wood needs to be processed, whether it is protection from excessive heat and possible sources of ignition, protection from biological influences, including natural conditions, or processing in order to give an object aesthetic features, or create interior compositions. Each type of coating – enamel or paint – has a number of individual characteristics. The aim of research is to identify the relationship between the special fire-retardant paint «Pirex», which provides the first fire protection group, and general-purpose wood paint «Luxart» without a certificate of belonging to one or another fire group security. Referring to State Standard R 53292-2009, which is the basis of the research, wood samples were treated with potential fire protection, after which conclusions were presented on the effectiveness of all tests. In addition to examining the difference between fire retardant paint and general purpose paint, the effect of applied agent layers on the fire retardant properties of wood was investigated. The results of the studies carried out allow us to draw conclusions about each method of applying paint and to identify correlation dependences for each paint on the number of coating layers.

Criteria for the expediency of municipal-owned enterprises budget support

Introduction. Municipal-owned enterprises are important providers of vital services to the population, companies and institutions, inclu­ding those that ensure the implementation of key social functions of the state inside communities. Problem. There is a contradiction in the theoretical and the practical terms regarding the justification of the municipal-owned enterprises feasibility of financial support with budget funds. The aim of the article is the budget financing process of municipal-owned enterprises that pro­vide socially significant services, and justi­fication of the effective forms of financing for socially significant municipal-owned enterprises. Methods. Systematic approach (with the calcu­lation and analytical method with tabular and graphical presentation of data), methods of com­parative analysis and synthesis and generali­zation were applied in the paper. Results. The role of municipal-owned enter­prises in the system of providing services of a social direction was studied. The dynamics of budge­tary financing of social expenditures in Ukraine as a whole and the dynamics of bud­getary finan­cing of Kyiv municipal-owned enter­prises that provide social services were ana­lyzed. Dis­proportions in the distribution of bud­get funding of municipal-owned enterprises per­forming a social function were established. Conclusions. The author demonstrated the uneven distribution of financing forms on the example of the analysis of various forms of budget financing of Kyiv municipal-owned enter­prises that provide socially significant services. She also found out that the financing of socially significant municipal-owned enterprises was not a priority in the capital compared to the sphere of construction, repair and maintenance of roads. Optimizing the number of municipal companies can be one of the ways to solve the problem. Another way to solve the problem is to develop scientifically based financial and non-financial criteria for decision-making on financing and means of control over the funds distribution.

Development of Approaches and Organizational Models for the Mass Implementation of Information Modeling Technologies in the Investment and Construction Sphere

The rapidly increasing use of building information modeling (BIM) technologies in the world is highly relevant to the search for new approaches and managerial models for enterprises in the construction sphere. As shown in the study of several developing countries, there is a certain lag in this area compared with highly industrialized countries. A comparative analysis of countries in terms of the level of spread of BIM technologies was made using open data from job search Internet sites. In this regard, the urgency of the research is due to the need to develop appropriate approaches to intensify the implementation of BIM technologies in the construction and operation of buildings. The purpose of the study is the development of methodological foundations and applied models of functional interaction between participants of construction projects based on BIM. As a working hypothesis, the authors assume that the mass application of BIM technologies is possible in providing a set of measures of different nature: market, non-market, legal, economic, and organizational. The main results of the study provided a solution to the problem of a significant expansion of the scope of BIM technologies in the construction sector through the formation of an information eco-environment for interaction of participants in the project management system.

Analisis of the matters of labour safety in the construction industry in Russian Federation

The author of the article formulates the thesis that updating of the regulatory base in the domestic construction industry on the basis of modern information technologies, including BIM modeling, can and has to lead to the high-quality improvement of the technical-and-organizational managarial decisions, made at all the stages of lifecycle during construction of buildings and structures, including the decisions for the creation of safety work conditions in the construction sphere, where rather high percentage of occupational accidents with fatal outcomes still remains.

Konsepsi Profesi Arsitek Siswa Kelas IV SDN Petojo Selatan 01 Pagi: Studi Analisis Gambar dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi Construct 2)

Early exposure to various professions is essential. The effects can make it easier for children to recognize what they want for the future. It is also essential to teach them the value of the profession. The study studied the concept of grade iv elementary school students in the South Petojo region's profession. The study was conducted to discover misconceptions about the architectural profession among elementary school students in the research environment. This study aims to know if students understand the differences in the professions of architects, interior design, and construction workers. The method used in this study is qualitative. In all, the study of the fourth-grade architect's conception of 14 students suggests that most students already understand the difference between the profession of architect, builder, and interior design. The finds indicate that students already understand the third order of professions within construction (development). Students understood that the first order in the construction sphere was the architect, the second order was the construction worker, and the last order was interior design. The benefits of this study are that students can distinguish between architecture, interior design, and construction workers through the construction applications which belong to the ICT students' literacy.