Construction Projects In Korea Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact of Government-Supplied Material Purchase Contracts with On-site Installation on Construction Market

The purchase contract for government-supplied materials, which means materials provided by the owner in public construction works, has various delivery conditions. Controversy has continued between public agencies such as the Public Procurement Service and construction contractors over the appropriateness of application of the purchase contract with on-site installation conditions, and the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (ACRC) made recommendations in 2012. Nevertheless, public agencies continue to actively apply product purchase contracts with on-site installation conditions. In this study, total on-site installation related costs was defined as the sum of direct labor costs, equipment expenses, and other related interlocking costs. As a result of analyzing the total on-site installation related costs of government-supplied materials from the actual construction cost data of 25 construction works, it accounted for an average of 4.49% of the estimated price. If the ratio of 4.49% to the 37.5 trillion won estimated as the average amount of public construction projects in Korea is reflected, the annual on-site installation related costs is about 1.6838 trillion won. It can be confirmed that the proportion of on-site installation related costs of government-supplied materials in the construction market is substantially significant.

The Significance of Scope 3 GHG Emissions in Construction Projects in Korea: Using EIA and LCA

In Korea, a greenhouse gas (GHG) environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been conducting since 2012, which sets the evaluation procedures and methods for GHG items during the EIA. However, the current EIA on GHG emissions can support wrong decision-making because the evaluation does not consider Scope 3 GHG emissions. Accordingly, this study proposed the life cycle EIA (LCEIA) method to identify changes in GHG emissions that need to be managed by considering Scope 3 GHG emissions in construction projects. The LCEIA method incorporates life cycle CO2 (LCCO2) including Scope 1, Scope, and Scope 3 GHG emissions using the concept of life cycle assessment (LCA) into the scoping step of the EIA process. The case study was conducted using existing EIA on GHG emission and LCEIA methodology for a development project in Gwangyang City. Scenario 1 is defined as an approach that calculates GHG emissions using the existing EIA method, and scenario 2 is also defined as a process using the LCEIA method. Results reveal that Scenario 2, including Scope 3 GHG emissions, had 46.4−51.2% more GHG emissions than Scenario 1. Sensitivity analysis for electricity and liquefied natural gas (LNG) density was also performed. Although the change in the carbon emission factor of electricity had a slightly sensitive effect on the research results, the LNG density was found to be less sensitive. This study believes the importance of switching to an EIA reflecting life cycle carbon dioxide (LCCO2) to calculate the exact amount of GHG emissions for construction work.

Comparison of Efficiency and Satisfaction Level on Different Construction Management Methods for Public Construction Projects in Korea

Selecting appropriate construction management method in construction projects based on owner’s project management capacity can be a make-or-break element. Given the accelerated change in the construction environment, the need for an efficient project management of public construction projects is ever more important, as is the need to select an appropriate construction management method. However, most public project owners find it difficult to select construction management method that perfectly coincides with their capacities or project characteristics since they lack information on the efficiencies of various construction management methods. Under this context, construction management method is usually selected for the sake of convenience or to comply with regulatory requirements. As such, this study aims to provide a basis for project owners to select the most appropriate construction management methods for the projects concerned by analyzing the efficiency of various methods currently applied to domestic public construction projects and also by comparing and analyzing the degree of satisfaction of project participants under each construction management method. In terms of allocated manpower and costs, the inspection supervision method and the construction supervision method incurred additional costs of 42% and 52%, respectively, compared to the direct supervision method. In addition, as for time spent processing tasks, other supervision methods took more time than that of the direct supervision method leading to the conclusion that the direct supervision method appeared to be the most efficient construction management method.

Integrated Management Software for Factory Production of Modular Buildings

After the first modular construction project in Korea in 2003, the scope and demand for modular systems have gradually increased. However, modular producers in Korea utilize spreadsheets to manage the process, manpower, and materials required for modular construction. This is inadequate compared to other countries that are more advanced in modular construction such as Japan and the United Kingdom. The management system in Korea decreases the effectiveness of modular construction in reducing construction time and cost. There is no formal system for managing modular production in Korea. Although some construction management programs utilized in the traditional construction industry are available, they do not reflect the flow of modular production, that is, to simultaneously produce several types of modules in accordance with demand in a factory. This research develops a modular‐construction‐specific production management system that has three overall functions: factory setup, project creation, and result analysis. These functions can link all the relevant data for managing modular production and can help manage several types of modules. The production management system is verified through simulation of the existing processes observed for a completed project and comparing the results to an alternative process. Through such comparisons, an optimized process design can be achieved.

Identifying Effective Fugitive Dust Control Measures for Construction Projects in Korea

In recent years, the awareness of the seriousness of the damage caused by fugitive dust and the need to manage it have increased. In particular, construction sites comprise 84% of business places that have reported fugitive dust generation, and they are required to have inspection and management to prevent the occurrence of fugitive dust at construction sites. However, the number of complaints in the construction industry due to fugitive dust has increased. The reason for this increase is the fact that existing control measures are defined based on emission processes rather than construction work types, which makes it difficult to apply fugitive dust control measures to construction sites. Therefore, this research evaluated the effectiveness of fugitive dust control measures for construction sites in Korea through a Delphi study. This Delphi study was conducted in two rounds with 12 experts in an on-site panel, and the factors that were determined to be effective control measures were convergence, the content validity ratio (CVR), and stability. This study’s results will be utilized to direct the establishment of future guidelines for fugitive dust control measures based on types of construction work.

Decision-making Support Systems Using Case-based Reasoning for Construction Project Delivery Method Selection: Focused on the Road Construction Projects in Korea

The decisions on the project delivery method when conducting a construction project are an important part of the process and can heavily influence the success or failure of the project. Many factors have to be considered, however, in determining the project delivery method, and there are no definite criteria. This ambiguity can cause much difficulty. As such, this paper proposes a system based on case-based reasoning (CBR) that supports the decision-making for project delivery method selection considering the future construction project performance. The research was conducted with focus on the road construction case dataset. Based on this, the proposed decision-making support system was devised by applying decision tree (DT) analysis, the effectiveness of selecting a project delivery method for the project performance index (ESDPI), and CBR. This system can consider not only the project delivery method but also the later construction project performance, and can thus effectively support the owner’s decision-making.

BIM 기반 인허가신청 지원 시스템 개발

Received 9 January 2015; received in revised form 24 March 2015; accepted 25 March 2015ABSTRACTBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) provides many advantages when it is adopted in virtualdesign construction, to analyze constructability, etc. For this reason, advanced countries havemade it mandatory to adopt BIM in public construction projects. The Korea Public Procure-ment Service announced that from 2016, BIM adoption will be mandatory in every construc-tion project in Korea. Currently, however, it is not possible to fully adopt BIM in the buildingdesign process domestically because BIM-based systems have not been used broadly in Korea’sbuilding approval system (Seumter). In this research, four challenges were drawn from a focusgroup interview. Focusing on tackling one challenge, this paper reviewed previous research intobuilding approval systems and the building approval systems of Singapore, the U.K. and theU.S., and identified elements of the building approval application process and presents a sys-tem to create and manage the information. The system supports the creation and management ofinformation and 2D drawings from an IFC-based BIM model. We expect that the system willencourage designers to use BIM from the beginning of the design process and ultimatelyincrease the efficiency of design in a BIM-based project.Key Words:Architectural Administration System, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Build-ing approval system, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), Seumter

A model-based productivity improvement of reinforced concrete work in a multi-housing project

Cost and duration are two of the most important factors in the successful assessment of a construction project. In order to set appropriate cost and duration targets for individual projects, the targets must first be established based on accurate productivity information from the planning stage. In Korea, the cost and duration of a construction activity are estimated using standardized productivity information provided by the Korean Standard of Estimate (KSE). However, the KSE standardized productivity information may not fully reflect the characteristics of an individual project, given its unique nature. Thus, cost and duration targets set based on the KSE for productivity may be unreasonable and/or unattainable. To address this issue, this paper suggests a simulation-based approach where actual field productivity information is utilized to set more realistic cost and duration targets and to optimize resource allocation, including crew assembly. Specifically, a CYCLONE model is developed for reinforced concrete work that is typically a critical activity in multi-housing projects, which account for 35% of public construction projects in Korea. Experimental application of the simulation model confirmed its promising potential for assisting construction managers in calculating productivity through sensitivity analysis and in planning and controlling efficient resource management.

건설프로젝트의 품질결함의 발생요인간 상관분석

공사비 증가와 공기 지연 등 건설프로젝트에 악영향을 미치는 건설품질결함은 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 그간 결함을 유발시키는 원인들을 규명하기 위한 연구는 다수 있었으나, 원인들 간의 상관관계를 분석한 연구는 충분히 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 국내 30개 프로젝트에서 발생한 1,241건의 부적합 사례 중 831건의 건축공종 부적합 사례를 토대로 건설품질결함의 발생요인을 발생단계, 발생현상, 기인원인, 처리방안으로 나누어 이들 간의 상관관계를 분석하고자 한다. 상관분석을 통해 부적합은 주로 조달 및 시공단계에서 기능결함 및 시공결함의 형태로 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 주로 작업자의 실수, 조악한 품질의 자재사용, 그리고 잘못된 시공방법에 의해 발생되는 품질결함은 주로 특채, 수리, 재작업의 방법으로 처리되어 공사비 증가 및 공기 지연을 가져옴을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문은 향후 품질결함의 발생과정을 규명하고 효율적인 품질결함 방지대책을 수립하는 데에 있어 중요한 이론적 배경과 정량적 지표를 제공했다는 데 그 의의가 있다. Construction defects are major components that result in cost overruns and schedule delays in construction projects. There have been extensive research efforts to investigate the cause of defects. However, little effort has been devoted to analyze correlation among various reasons of construction defects while a defect is not usually an outcome of a single cause, but rather occurs when several interrelated causes combine. Based on this recognition, this paper analyzes 831 nonconformity reports collected from 30 construction projects in Korea from 2011 to 2014. The correlation analysis revealed that a significant portion of construction defects occurred in the procurement and construction phase and as the pattern of function defect and installation defect. Triggered by human error, defective material and faulty method, these defects are treated by conccession, repair, rework that can significantly lower the cost and schedule performance. This paper is significant in terms of providing a theoretical basis for analyzing correlation among various reasons of construction defects and quantitative measures for establishing effective defect prevention strategies.

BDM기법에 의한 LOB와 TACT기법 통합

Controversies over that the scheduling practices for the construction projects in Korea are unsystematic, illogical, and less advanced still continue. One of the main controversial issues is that the existing scheduling techniques does not satisfy the scheduling requirements of construction site. Because most construction personnel prefer a good-looking and easy understanding schedule, LOB and TACT techniques although those are not formal CPM technique have been applying overwhelmingly in the construction projects. Moreover, LOB and TACT techniques can be quickly and conveniently established by Excel or word-processor familiar with most people. Since Excel is not a formal scheduling software, however, it can not provide formal CPM scheduling practices. The purpose of this study is to propose the method that can satisfy visual schedule format as well as perform formal CPM scheduling practices by integration of LOB and TACT techniques by BDM technique.

Public preference for the attributes of the marina port in Korea: a choice experiment study

As of late, the Korean government needs quantitative information on economic feasibility analysis for marina port development projects. This study applies a choice experiment to measure public preference for the attributes of marina port in Korea. We consider the trade-offs between price and four attributes of marina port (capacity, access, waterfront, and program) for selecting a preferred alternative and elicit the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimates for each attribute. We also test whether irrelevant alternatives property for the estimation model holds and compare the estimation results of the multinomial logit (MNL) and the nested logit (NL) models. The results show that the NL model outperforms the MNL model. In the NL model, MWTPs for increasing the level of a waterfront from promenade to both promenade and rest area and for the provision of marine leisure experience program are KRW13 384 (USD11.8) and KRW17 937 (USD15.8), respectively. This study is expected to provide policymakers with quantitative information for evaluating marina port construction projects in Korea.

공공공사의 PQ 심사 시 안전평가체계 비교분석 - 한국과 미국 캘리포니아 주 LA지역의 PQ 제도를 중심으로 -

입찰참가자격 사전심사(Pre-Qualification: PQ)에 포함된 여러 평가항목 중, 신인도 항목에 포함된 환산재해율의 평가는 재해발생에 대한 결과에만 치중하고 있어 산재은폐, 공상처리 등의 부작용이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 기업의 적극적인 안전관리활동 및 재해예방에 대한 노력을 평가할 수 있는 사전평가지표의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 사전평가지표 수립을 위한 기초자료의 제공을 목적으로 미국 LA 지역의 공공기관에서 적용하고 있는 PQ 심사 자료를 수집 분석하여 다양한 안전관련 평가내용을 파악하였다. 그 결과, LA 지역은 과거 프로젝트에서 발생한 재해뿐만 아니라 산재보험 및 재해발생 당시의 규정위반 여부 등 다양한 사후안전관련 평가를 실시하고 있으며, 기업의 안전교육 및 재해예방 프로그램, 안전관리 계획 등 사전안전관련 내용도 평가에 반영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 국내에서도 PQ심사에 환산재해율을 포함한 다양한 사후안전관련 평가와 함께 사전안전관련 평가지표를 수립하여 반영한다면, 기존 환산재해율의 기능을 강화함과 동시에 기업의 적극적인 안전관리활동을 유도하고, 나아가 건설산업의 재해율 감소를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The converted accident rates that included in Pre-Qualification (PQ) are to evaluate the results of accidents which have occurred. Therefore, it is demanded the development of proactive evaluation contents to evaluate the safety management activities and efforts on construction companies. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the establishment of proactive evaluation contents at public construction project in Korea through the collected and analyzed the PQ documentation applied by public agencies in Los Angeles, USA. The results indicated that diverse reactive safety evaluations are implemented to examine accidents which occurred in past projects such as occupational health insurance, regulation violation. And also, when the accidents occurred, it is evaluated the proactive safety management actions such as safety education, accident prevention programs, and safety management plans are reflected on the evaluation. Thus, if proactive safety related evaluation contents are established and reflected in PQ examinations together with diverse existing reactive safety evaluations considering converted accident rates, not only the existing function of converted accident rates can be reinforced but also businesses' active safety management activities can be induced and decreases in the construction industry's accident rate can be expected.

DESIGN OF A VIBRATION AND STRESS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR AN ADVANCED POWER REACTOR 1400 REACTOR VESSEL INTERNALS COMPREHENSIVE VIBRATION ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

In accordance with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC), Regulatory Guide 1.20, the reactor vessel internals comprehensive vibration assessment program (RVI CVAP) has been developed for an Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400). The purpose of the RVI CVAP is to verify the structural integrity of the reactor internals to flow-induced loads prior to commercial operation. The APR1400 RVI CVAP consists of four programs (analysis, measurement, inspection, and assessment). Thoughtful preparation is essential to the measurement program, because data acquisition must be performed only once. The optimized design of a vibration and stress measurement system for the RVI CVAP is essential to verify the integrity of the APR1400 RVI. We successfully designed a vibration and stress measurement system for the APR1400 RVI CVAP based on the design materials, the hydraulic and structural analysis results, and performance tests of transducers in an extreme environment. The measurement system designed in this paper will be utilized for the APR1400 RVI CVAP as part of the first construction project in Korea.

무가선 저상트램 노면선로의 시험시공 평가와 소음·진동 특성연구

The wireless low-floored tram is an innovative transportation system which is environment-friendly and highly energy-efficient. In addition, the system has various advantages such as low construction cost, improvement of urban landscape, revitalization of surrounding commercial area, elevated convenience for passengers, etc. Therefore, more than ten local governments have proposed tram construction projects in Korea. Accordingly, many research and development projects are ongoing funded by government including the developments of tram vehicle, tram trackway, signal system, etc. The embedded rail system are commonly used in order to provide leveled roadway surface in urban area. It is effective to reduce the noise and vibration, caused at the interface between the wheel and track, to minimize the construction period, and to lower the maintenance cost. This paper investigated the design and construction processes for tram trackway and figured out the constructability for the test track with embedded rail system for the first time in Korea. The performance to reduce the noise and vibration were quantitatively measured in the test track with embedded rail system. In addition, the results were compared to the ones for track with conventional rail system.

Assessment model on environmental economics for construction projects in Korea

This study aims to propose an assessment model for environmental economics that will provide useful information for decision-making on the implementation of pro-environmental and economical construction projects. To meet this objective, this study suggests a procedure for estimating the environmental cost of construction projects. The model combines environmental load assessment and environmental value assessment. The environmental cost of pollutants generated from a construction project was estimated utilizing Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), a value assessment method borrowed from economic science. A case analysis was subsequently conducted to verify the applicability of the proposed model to actual construction projects. The devised model is expected to provide a useful methodology that will scientifically support the planning and management of sustainable construction not only in terms of the environmental aspect but also of the economical aspect.

Percentage of workable days in scheduling superstructure work for building construction projects in Korea

In scheduling building construction work, non-workable days due to weather conditions and national holidays lessen the accuracy of scheduling. This study aims to determine the percentage of workable days to enable more accurate scheduling of superstructure work in building construction. To calculate the percentage of workable days applicable to superstructure work in building construction, this study analyzed various data, including actual building cases. Actual weather data in the Seoul region for the past five years was used in particular and the number of national holidays therein was analyzed. This approach is intended to yield a more accurate and objective percentage of workable days. This study suggests that the use of yearly and monthly percentages of workable days in the scheduling for superstructure work of future building construction projects will make scheduling more objective and accurate.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Onsite Equipment Usage in Road Construction

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from onsite equipment usage have not been fully investigated despite their high reduction potential. This study presents a comparative analysis of the generation of GHGs by various equipment types used in different construction activities. Twenty-four cases involving a typical road construction project in Korea were selected for comparison. GHG emissions from onsite equipment usage for different activities were estimated using final design documents, which fully defined the construction project. This study also provides the expected ranges of such emissions according to equipment productivity related to site conditions of good, fair, and poor. For the major activities that produced most of the GHG emissions from onsite equipment, the value was estimated to be in the range of 256.52–376.70 tCO2e, with 282.17 tCO2e for fair site conditions. A focus group interview (FGI) was conducted to identify guidelines that can be applied to improve equipment productivity to reduc...

BDM 네트워크 공정 및 비용 진도율 통합관리 개념

국내 건설산업에 CPM(critical path method) 공정관리기법이 도입된 지 거의 40년 가까이 경과하고 있다. 그러나 국내건설현장의 대부분은 CPM 공정표를 작성하지 않거나, 발주처의 요구에 의해 수동적으로 작성한 후 운영 및 관리는 거의 하지 않고, 아직도 바차트(bar chart)기법에 의존하여 공정관리를 하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 원인중 하나는 CPM 공정계획이 건설현장의 업무를 정확히 반영하지 못하고 있으며, 공사 진척현황을 시각적으로 명확하게 인식하기 어렵고, 작업들의 일정중심의 공정진도와 기성금액 중심의 비용진도를 효율적으로 통합 관리하지 못하기 때문이다. 본 논문은 새로운 CPM 공정관리기법인 BDM기법을 통해 공정계층체계 내에서 CPM 공정계획이 자동으로 요약되면서 동일한 CPM 형식을 유지하는 기능을 통해, CPM기법의 장점을 그대로 유지하면서도 일정중심의 공정진도율과 기성중심의 비용진도율을 통합 관리할 수 있는 새로운 진도율 관리 개념을 제안한다. 이러한 개념을 통해 국내 건설사업에 CPM 공정관리기법이 실질적으로 적용되고 활성화되어, 공사관리의 효율성이 향상되는 동시에 국내 건설사업관리의 발전에도 일조 할 수 있기를 기대한다. Almost 40 years have been passed since the CPM was introduced to the construction industry in Korea. However most of construction projects in Korea do not prepare the CPM schedule neither operate it after established manually, as well as still depend on the Bar-chart schedule only. One of these reasons is because the CPM schedule does not reflect the site works realistically, it makes so difficult to recognize the actual progress clearly in visual format, and it is impossible to integrate and manage the time and cost oriented work progresses effectively. This paper proposes new concept of progress management that is able to integrate and manage the time oriented schedule progress and earned value oriented cost progress while maintaining the merits of CPM although the CPM schedule summarized automatically within a schedule hierarchy by the BDM that is a new CPM technique. We expect that this concept could make the applications of CPM technique to the domestic construction industry popular and help the advancement of the construction management in Korea as well.

Development of a Progress Management System Integrated with the Quality Inspection Process: Case of a nuclear power plant construction project in Korea

In this paper, the authors present the concept of a progress management system that synchronizes the quality inspection process with integrated cost-schedule information in construction projects. In general, construction progress has been measured using subjective judgments by field managers or extensively processed cost data. A practical progress management system should be able to maintain and provide objective and reliable progress data on time without extra data processing. The quality inspection process can produce appropriate data for this purpose. However, in conventional construction management practices, progress measurement and quality inspection have been separated. In order to design and implement a system that synchronizes them, the available information that can be provided from current processes were identified and connected using the following steps: 1) analyzing the quality inspection process, 2) identifying the means for measuring progress, 3) determining identical elements in various schedules, and 4) linking quality inspection lots to the means for measuring progress. An on-line system was developed and applied to a nuclear power plant construction project in Korea. The results from operating it show that the conflicts in progress determination between clients and contractors were reduced, and the costs and time for administrative tasks involving the processing of progress management and quality inspection data were saved.

Urban Deep Road Tunnel Construction Project in Korea and Technical Requirements

Currently, advanced nations have been expanding underground traffic facilities in an effort to ease the traffic congestion as well as secure the green space on the ground in metropolitan area and a various projects aimed at achieving such a purpose have been also implemented in Seoul metropolitan area in Korea, where however not many deep road tunnels have yet to be built and thus, the technologies required for implementing such projects fall relatively behind. This study was intended to evaluate the deep road tunnel projects in Korea in an attempt to define the deep road tunnel which could accommodate the surrounding environmental requirements and furthermore identify the core technologies needed for constructing the cost efficient and safe underground structure.