Construction Period Research Articles

Research on Rapid Construction Technology of Deep Water Rock-socketed Bridge Foundation

The construction of deep water rock-socketed bridge foundation is pretty difficult and people routinely use the method of combining underwater blasting and double-wall steel box cofferdam support for construction. Combined with the site construction conditions and analysis of FEM software, through schemes comparison and technical research, the paper puts forward the construction scheme of rotary drilling pilot hole, high-pressure rotary jet grouting pile for grouting and water stopping, and cofferdam support for locking steel pipe pile, which completes the foundation construction smoothly and rapidly. By adopting the technology, the construction period is greatly shortened, the material utilization rate is improved, the construction cost is reduced, and the scheme has reference significance for foundation construction under similar environments.

Design of Production Line of 2000 Tons of Fermented Milk Beverage with Annual Output of Whole Bean

The whole soybean fermented milk beverage designed by this production line is a beverage made of soybean as raw material and fermented under the fermentation action of compound probiotics. The design optimizes the production line of whole soybean fermented milk beverage with an annual output of 2000t and strictly refers to the relevant national regulations to determine the process design, material balance, equipment selection, water and electricity estimation, and workshop design of the whole soybean fermented milk beverage production line. Finally, the technical and economic analysis of the scheme shows that the fixed investment of the project is 7.95 million yuan, the annual production cost is 15193.72 million yuan, the total profit after tax reached 16.80628 million yuan, the construction period is 1 year, and the payback period is expected to be about 2 years.

Experimental and numerical investigation into the local scour of bridge cofferdam with anti-scour ribs

Cofferdam is widely employed in the construction of underwater bridge foundations. Its crucial attribute lies in providing a dedicated platform for construction activities and enhancing the water resistance dimensions in structural design, consequently amplifying local scour. However, previous research on local scour has seldom investigated the effect of construction facilities on the life cycle development of local scour on foundations. This gap has led to a misunderstanding of protective strategies against local scour throughout the construction period. In this paper, a scour experiment platform was implemented with a unidirectional flume. Physical model experiments were conducted to scrutinize the protective impact of anti-scour rib structures against local scour. The experimentally determined scour depth was compared to assess the performance of the anti-scour rib protection system. Oblique photogrammetry was subsequently used to capture the morphology of the equilibrium scour pit in the experiments. The associated topographical data were imported into Fluent commercial fluid software for in-depth flow field analysis. A numerical flume model was established to examine the hydraulic characteristics under two distinct topographical conditions: a smooth riverbed during the initial stage of scour and a scoured riverbed at the equilibrium stage of scour. To further determine the protective mechanism of anti-scour rib protection, the influence of anti-scour rib protection on shear stress was investigated numerically. Analyses revealed that incorporating scour protection ribs during cofferdam construction alters the flow field characteristics, hindering the downward movement of subsurface flow beneath the structure, reducing bed shear stress, and consequently mitigating scour effects. The instantaneous protective effect of scour protection ribs strengthens as the scour topography develops. The protective effectiveness of scour protection ribs was mainly influenced by rib length, spacing, and shape.

Gene regulatory network analysis identifies MYL1, MDH2, GLS, and TRIM28 as the principal proteins in the response of mesenchymal stem cells to Mg2+ ions

Magnesium (Mg)-based implants have emerged as a promising alternative for orthopedic applications, owing to their bioactive properties and biodegradability. As the implants degrade, Mg2+ ions are released, influencing all surrounding cell types, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are vital for bone tissue regeneration, therefore, it is essential to understand their molecular response to Mg2+ ions in order to maximize the potential of Mg-based biomaterials. In this study, we conducted a gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis to examine the molecular responses of MSCs to Mg2+ ions. We used time-series proteomics data collected at 11 time points across a 21-day period for the GRN construction. We studied the impact of Mg2+ ions on the resulting networks and identified the key proteins and protein interactions affected by the application of Mg2+ ions. Our analysis highlights MYL1, MDH2, GLS, and TRIM28 as the primary targets of Mg2+ ions in the response of MSCs during 1–21 days phase. Our results also identify MDH2-MYL1, MDH2-RPS26, TRIM28-AK1, TRIM28-SOD2, and GLS-AK1 as the critical protein relationships affected by Mg2+ ions. By offering a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory role of Mg2+ ions on MSCs, our study contributes valuable insights into the molecular response of MSCs to Mg-based materials, thereby facilitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for orthopedic applications.

Influence of Monolith Length on Temperature Field of Concrete Gravity Dams

This paper examines the influence of monolith length on the temperature field of concrete gravity dams built using the block method. The developed 3D model is capable of conducting a thermal analysis of a 95.0 m high concrete gravity dam built using the block method, where each newly cast block represents a new analysis phase. The calculation accounts for the period of construction, the filling of the reservoir, and the service for a total duration of about 5 years. The thermal properties of the material, the influence of cement hydration heat, the temperature of the surrounding rock mass, the temperature of the fresh concrete mixture, and the corresponding boundary conditions defining a heat transfer were taken into account. The height and width of the blocks, as well as the sequence of concreting, were considered invariable, while the length of the blocks (dimension in the direction of the dam’s axis equal to the monolith length) varied, with values of 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, and 20.0 m. The obtained calculation results for the control nodes showed that the maximum reduction in the monolith length (from 20.0 m to 10.0 m) caused a decrease in the maximum temperature values of the concrete (from 1.6 to 3.4 °C, depending on the control node). Also, the results showed that, by reducing the length of the monolith, there was a delay in the moment at which the maximum temperature values of the concrete appeared in the selected control node. The delay in reaching the maximum, in relation to the 10.0 m long monolith, was from 7 days (for points on the crest dam) to 49 days (for points in the central zone of the monolith) for the other considered monolith lengths. The above indicates the importance of concrete temperature control for longer monoliths, especially during construction in extreme air temperatures. The main contribution of the conducted analysis is the development of insight into temperature field changes depending on monolith length, which can help engineers during the design and construction of new, as well as the maintenance of existing, dams.

Review on Vibration Monitoring and Its Application during Shield Tunnel Construction Period

With the rapid development of metro construction, shield machines inevitably have to traverse a variety of complex geological conditions, leading to the frequent occurrence of geological disasters, equipment failures, building vibration and other problems. Vibration, as an important feature of the shield tunneling process, has received more and more attention in recent years. This paper summarizes the relevant research progress of vibration monitoring during shield construction from 2015 to 2023. It analyzes the shield vibration generation mechanism, monitoring methods and application areas. Firstly, the shield vibration type is divided into mechanical vibration triggered by internal excitation and forced vibration triggered by external excitation, and the principles of vibration generated by shield main bearing, gearbox and disc cutter are discussed. Then, the commonly used vibration monitoring methods are outlined according to the installation location of the sensors (inside and outside of the shield). Finally, the applications of vibration signals in the diagnosis of shield faults, the identification of geologic conditions, and the evaluation of the current status of the interference with the buildings are summarized. This paper discusses the development trend of vibration monitoring during shield tunneling based on the current research situation and the current technology level, which provides valuable insights to enhance the safety and intelligence of shield construction.

REFLECTION OF THE SIBERIAN OUTSKIRTS IN THE ARTISTS’ PAINTINGS AND ALBUMS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE EXHIBITIONS IN THE IRKUTSK PROVINCE)

The work restores the history of reflecting the Siberian outskirts in the paintings and albums of the artists that were shown at the exhibitions in the Irkutsk province in the second half of the XIX century. It is said that the study, based on the handwritten materials, considers the artists’ activity to cre-ate not only paintings and graphic works but also the albums with the detailed descriptions of the Siberian outskirts, gradually presented at the events in the social and scientific space. Besides, the author describes the activity of the sci-entific societies which studied the Irkutsk province within the period of the road network construction and emphasizes that the materials, placed in the archives of Irkutsk, transmit detailed data concerning the peculiarities of creat-ing paintings and albums where the images of settlements, natural objects and architectural structures, participants of the scientific expeditions in Siberia were demonstrated.

Research on Claim Clause of New FIDIC Contract Condition based on Industry Status

The global economy has begun to recover after the coronavirus epidemic has basically ended, and Chinese and international construction projects have gradually resumed work. Due to the impact of the novel coronavirus epidemic, engineering projects in China and internationally have been extremely difficult to carry out in the past few years, and many projects are facing the dilemma of missing deadlines. In this case, the contractor should actively carry out salvage measures such as claim for construction period to ensure the continued implementation of the project, and should take the initiative to submit claims and carry out normal claim procedures according to the contract. By analyzing the claim conditions of the new version of FIDIC contract, this paper analyzes the relevant problems faced by contractors, puts forward corresponding countermeasures, and provides a new idea of FIDIC claim for Chinese contractors going to the world.

Long-term variations of aerosol optical depth according to satellite data and its effects on radiation and temperature in the Moscow megacity

The rapid development of large megacities, coupled with emission regulations, can lead to long-term variations in aerosol optical depth over urban area which has an impact on radiation and temperature. This study aims to evaluate the radiation effects of aerosol pollution in Moscow and its surrounding areas using MAIAC data obtained from MODIS satellite data for three distinct periods: 2000–2006, 2007–2014, and 2015–2021. A methodology has been developed to incorporate MCD19A2/MODIS data with some additional information from the AERONET Moscow MSU site into the COSMO non-hydrostatic weather forecast model. The aerosol radiative and temperature effects were estimated for cloudless conditions. The highest aerosol optical depth with an average of 0.18 were observed during the 2007–2014 over the newly developed Moscow territory during the active building construction period. In the most recent period, from 2015 to 2021, the mean AOD decreased to 0.1. This reduction resulted in an increase of net shortwave radiation at the bottom of the atmosphere by 15–20 W/m2 and a slight rise in surface air temperature of 0.08 °C compared to 2007–2014. The parameterizations were proposed for net radiation and air temperature at 2 m as a function of aerosol optical depth and solar zenith angle at low surface albedo.

Analysis of the effectiveness of using EPS sandwich panel versus lightweight bricks at residential project: Case study at residential houses in Jakarta

Effectiveness in material selection in construction projects has a major impact on the use of costs incurred during the construction period. The quality used must also be in accordance with standards based on building functions and have national standard quality. The implementation time on residential project construction projects that require work to be completed quickly in accordance with good results and in accordance with those stated in the contract must be carefully designed and planned. Data collected from literature and catalogues, and recorded from site will be analysed and discussed Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out and choose the use of effective non-structural material as a wall for residential projects.

지역여건을 고려한 아파트 경매의 매각가격 결정요인

This study empirically analyzes the determinants of apartment sale prices in the auction market, focusing on apartments auctioned in Daegu as of 2021. Specifically, it aims to examine whether various factors based on regional characteristics influence sale prices and to explore the detailed impact of residential density. The main empirical findings are as follows. Auction characteristics were all significant. Forced auctions and the number of bidders increased sale prices, while the number of unsuccessful bidders and unpaid management fees decreased sale prices. In terms of Characteristics of goods, the construction period, parking spaces per household, and small and medium-sized area showed significant results. The elapsed years reduced sale prices, while parking spaces per household and small and medium-sized area increased sale prices. In terms of location characteristics, subway distance and school distance were significant. However, it was analyzed that the influence on sales prices was very low. Finally, the study looked at the impact of residential amenities, which hadn't been considered before. Over half of the sub-variables showed significance. Dense residential areas were found to increase sale prices, indicating a preference for housing with various amenities. The results of this study confirmed the determinants of apartment auction sale prices. Specifically, it was established that dense residential areas yield high sale prices in the auction market, attributed to their relatively superior amenities. This study suggests that equal amenities are needed to stabilize the prices of local housing markets.

习近平文化思想三维审思: 理论之源·历史之脉·现实之基

Abstract: Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is the latest achievement of the development of Marxism in the cultural field and the action guide of China's cultural construction in the new era. In order to deeply study Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, we must correctly understand the theoretical source, historical vein and realistic foundation of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. As far as the source of its theory is concerned, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture takes Marxist cultural theory as the “soul”, Chinese excellent traditional culture as the “root”, and the excellent achievements of human civilization as the mirror. In terms of its historical vein, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture comes down in a continuous line from the CPC’s cultural thought in the period of the new-democratic revolution, inherits and develops the CPC’s cultural thought in the period of socialist revolution and construction, continues to extend the CPC’s cultural thought in the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, and succinctly sublimates the CPC’s cultural thought since the new era. As far as the basis of its reality is concerned, the formation of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is inseparable from the significant improvement of the comprehensive quality of Chinese people, the continuous improvement of social civilization and the steady growth of national cultural soft power.

Port Access Fluidity Management during a Major Extension Project: A Simulation-Based Case Study

The increasing demand for freight services and the use of larger vessels to meet this demand has led to challenges related to storage space and logistics activities, highlighting the need for improvements in port infrastructure for better logistics management. At a crucial phase in its growth, the Port of Trois-Rivières in Canada is planning a major expansion, including the construction of a new terminal to enhance its hosting capacities and freight services. This expansion faces potential access congestion problems during the planned construction, exacerbated by the port’s urban setting. In response to the needs identified by the port authorities for this event, the study’s objective is to assess the implications of increased construction and freight truck flows on access gate fluidity and the impact of additional access infrastructure investment to mitigate potential congestion. These evaluations aim to define effective access management strategies throughout the construction period of the new terminal. To address these complexities, our approach is based on scenario analysis in variants co-constructed with the partner. These scenarios are evaluated using simulation models, configured according to parameters calibrated with a granularity that allows congestion detection. The results enabled an evaluation of the capability of existing and potential gates to manage access. Subsequently, recommendations were shaped in accordance with the expected objectives to manage access traffic effectively. These recommendations concern the optimization of construction activity planning, the layout and planning of access, and the importance of enhanced collaboration between municipal and port authorities for more controlled road traffic management. Recognizing the importance of synchromodality, road network centrality management, and the outsourcing of capacity through inter-port cooperation and with dry ports to manage congestion, these tools will be discussed in this work. The study proposes an approach that reconciles scientific rigor with the implementation constraints of the proposed solutions, allowing this study wider applicability in various port contexts facing challenges in this field of study.

Research on Uplift Mechanism of Shield Tunnel Based on Multi-factor Construction Conditions

In order to investigate the influence degree of each factor on tube sheet uplift and tube sheet uplift law of shield tunneling, this thesis takes the background of Zhengzhou Railway Transit Line 6 Phase I Project Weizhuang Station ~ Cargo Station Street Station Interval Project, and establishes ABAQUS finite element numerical model based on the influence factors such as shield thrust, slurry density, grouting pressure, etc., and analyzes the interaction relationship between the influence factors of tube sheet uplift caused by the shield tunneling construction period. The paper investigates the uplift law of tube sheet and the mechanism of influencing factors during the construction period of shield tunnel, and obtains the relationship between grouting pressure and tube sheet uplift, jack thrust and slurry density and tube sheet uplift under the influence of a single factor; the thesis also discovers the location of the maximum uplift and the basic law, as well as the basic range of the uplift and the reduction of the uplift value in the late stage through the comprehensive analysis and calculation of the uplift and the influencing factors under different working conditions. The paper also finds out the location and basic law of the maximum uplift of the tube sheet under different working conditions, and the basic range of the downsizing value of the uplift in the later stage.

Mechanism of asphalt concrete reinforced with industrially recycled steel slag from the perspectives of adhesion and skeleton

This research investigated the reinforcement mechanism of steel slag recycling in asphalt concrete from the perspective of adhesion and skeleton. Bonding performance between steel slag and bitumen was assessed by the calculation of coating area and peeling area, as well as the area detection by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Computed Tomography (CT) scanning was used to determine the bitumen absorption characteristics of steel slag. Mechanical characteristics of steel slag mixture during compaction period and service period were evaluated by continuous compression test with Universal Testing Machine (UTM-25). A combination of CT scanning and image processing technology were used to quantify skeleton contact characteristics. The results indicated that bonding performance of bitumen with steel slag was obviously better than basalt after long-term erosion. The surface pores of steel slag absorbed excessive bitumen as anchoring and embedding effect, accounting for 20.24% of the total steel slag bitumen absorption in maximum. Steel slag skeleton of SMA gradation was found easily to be compacted during construction period and more resistant to loading during service period. In addition, there were more contact points in steel slag asphalt concrete, resulting that steel slag asphalt concrete had better stability. The contact points were different in different particle size ranges, and it was suggested that steel slag with particle size of 9.5–16.0 mm and 2.36–4.75 mm should be preferred.

Bending performance of prefabricated ultra-thin UHPC unit plate reinforced orthotropic steel bridge decks

To address the challenges related to lengthy construction period, complex maintenance requirement, and the elevated risk of shrinkage cracking associated with cast-in-place UHPC reinforcement of orthotropic steel bridge decks. This paper proposes a novel solution that prefabricated ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) slab with epoxy bond connection is used as a reinforcement layer for orthotropic steel bridge decks. Four sets of bending tests on composite bridge deck were carried out to compare the flexural performance of composite bridge decks under different joint forms and loading patterns. The results indicate that the precast UHPC decks delaminated from the epoxy bonding layer without failure of the epoxy layer itself in all cases. The positive bending capacity of the jointless composite bridge deck is approximately 27.67 kN, while the negative bending capacity is around 16.58 kN. For the composite bridge deckwith epoxy adhesive joints (EA-J-Ln), the negative bending capacity is 2.54 kN, and the negative bending capacity of the joint area reinforced with carbon fiber cloth (EA-JC-Ln) is increased to 4.17 kN. Therefore, the use of carbon fiber cloth can significantly improve the bending resistance of the joints. Finally, numerical model of the composite deck based on Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) was established, validating the applicability of this simulation method in the novel composite bridge deck.

Evaluation on Fuzzy Equilibrium Optimization of Construction Project Duration Cost Quality Based on Internet of Things Technology

<div>With the continuous progress of society, people have higher and higher requirements for the quality of life. Energy is an important substance base for human existence and development. In the construction industry, construction project construction period cost control has become particularly important. The existing engineering projects have not significantly optimized the quality of construction period cost, leading to waste of resources. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish an efficient, reasonable, and perfect system to ensure the scientific use of construction project construction period cost. The Internet of things (IoT) technology was applied to engineering projects to study the fuzzy balance optimization of construction period, cost and quality of engineering projects, and analyze the connotation and influencing factors of engineering quality and the construction project target system under the concept of sustainable development, and through the balance analysis of project duration cost, project duration quality, project cost quality, and environmental pollution experiment on different processes of the project, it was found that the application of the IoT technology has reduced the construction period of the project. The IoT technology makes a fuzzy balanced optimization of the construction period cost quality of the project, which can reduce the cost consumption of the project and improve the quality of the project. The application of the IoT technology has reduced the environmental pollution by 2.4%. Based on the IoT technology, the construction period cost quality of the project has been optimized. On the premise of ensuring the project quality, it can reduce the construction period, reduce costs, reduce environmental pollution, and reduce the use of energy to promote sustainable development.</div>

Load Calculation Method for Deep-Buried Layered Soft Rock Tunnel Based on Back-Analysis of Structural Deformation

After the excavation and unloading of deep-buried soft rock tunnels, support structures often experience deformation-related disasters such as concrete cracking, steel frame bending and twisting, and primary support instability under different forms of load. Accurately calculating the load borne by the primary support structure is the key to ensuring design rationality and construction safety. Especially in layered soft surrounding rock formations, the magnitude and distribution of the loads are different from those of conventional rock and soil masses, resulting in limited applicability of existing load calculation methods to similar formations. Therefore, based on the measured deformation of the tunnel structure, while considering the different geometric forms of the primary support structure during partial excavation, this paper proposes a deformation-structure (D-S) load calculation method. By comparing the calculation results of this method and a large number of sample data for typical deep-buried layered soft rock tunnels, the reliability of the D-S load calculation method is verified. In addition, the variation law of the loads during the tunnel construction period is enunciated, and the magnitude and distribution of the loads acting on the primary support are clarified. The D-S load calculation method provides a theoretical basis for load calculation in deep-buried layered soft rock tunnels.

The Humanistic Process and Spatial Practice of Chinese Zhenshan 鎮山 Worship

The “Zhenshan” 鎮山 (which means a mountain that guards a certain territory) system is based on the traditional Chinese view of nature, which formed and developed through a long period of Confucian humanistic construction. It is the typical representation of China’s nature-oriented worship space, and it has unique spatial order and spatial significance in the world’s sacred mountain worship. The excavation of the spatial characteristics of Zhenshan worship and its network of humanistic meanings is an important part of research that aims to discover the traditional Chinese values of nature, religious views, and Chinese worship space. Based on the analysis of graphic historical materials and a digital chronicle literature review, this paper quantitatively analyzes the historical information of Zhenshan and summarizes the process of change from the birth of the concept of Zhenshan in the Zhou dynasty to the formation of the sacrificial system in the Han dynasty and its gradual localization after the Tang and Song dynasties with an analysis of its spatial pattern and characteristics of worship. The results show that Zhenshan is one of the typical cultural symbols of the transformation of Chinese mountain worship into the unity of government and religion. And it is a typical product of Confucianism, in which the worship of nature in China is integrated into the political system, and its worship space is rooted in the national, regional, and urban spaces at multiple levels. The Zhenshan system, in the course of its dynamic development, has formed two types of worship space: temple sacrificial and metaphorical constraint, constructing a Chinese worship space based on the order of nature, which is distinctly different from the inward-looking religious space of the West and the sacred mountain worship space formed around the religion of the “supreme god”.

CAR PARKING NEEDS ANALYSIS AT CAMPUS A, JAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Parking is the main supporting facility in the campus environment. Jakarta State University (UNJ) is one of the state universities in the DKI Jakarta province. The increase in the number of UNJ students every year certainly causes an increase in the need for parking, especially on Campus A UNJ as the main campus. Coupled with a construction project in Campus A UNJ, the parking area, especially car parking, is getting narrower. Based on these problems, it is necessary to research parking arrangements at Campus A UNJ. This study aims to determine the need for parking and arrange the car parking area for Campus A UNJ according to the demand for car parking space that existed during the construction period. The parking space arrangement for Campus A UNJ considers UNJ's policy as the manager in allocating parking spaces in the future. Primary data was obtained by conducting a field survey using the number plate survey method and PSU calculation survey while secondary data was obtained from UNJ parking inventory data. Primary data were obtained by conducting field surveys on 29 May-31 May and 8-9 June. The results showed that the value of the need for car parking in 2023 was 367 PSU cars, while the number of parking lots available at Campus A UNJ was 389 PSU. The peak day occurs on Tuesday 30 May 2023 and the peak hour for parking accumulation occurs at 13.00-14.00 WIB. With a parking index close to 100%, this can make it difficult for drivers to find an empty parking space, especially considering the pattern of car parking in the UNJ campus A parking area rotates in one direction so that the opportunity to find an empty parking space during peak parking hours only has a one-time or one-time chance. parking spaces at peak parking hours only have a one-time chance or the driver must first exit the parking lot and then enter again to find an empty parking space. The arrangement of car parking modeling will also be presented in this article. It is hoped that the results of this early-stage research can provide an overview and recommendations on parking management methods at Campus A UNJ.