Construction Of Transmission Lines Research Articles

Identifying and Prioritizing Critical Risk Factors in the Context of a High-Voltage Power Transmission Line Construction Project: A Case Study from Sri Lanka

Identifying and Prioritizing Critical Risk Factors in the Context of a High-Voltage Power Transmission Line Construction Project: A Case Study from Sri Lanka

A Wasserstein distributionally robust model for transmission expansion planning with renewable‐based microgrid penetration

AbstractThis article introduces a Wasserstein distance‐based distributionally robust optimization model to address the transmission expansion planning considering renewable‐based microgrids (MGs) under the impact of uncertainties. The primary objective of the presented methodology is to devise a robust expansion strategy that accounts for both long‐term uncertainty and short‐term variability over the planning horizon from the perspective of a central planner. In this framework, the central planner fosters the construction of appropriate transmission lines and the deployment of optimal MG‐based generating units among profit‐driven private investors. The Wasserstein distance uncertainty set is used to characterize the long‐term uncertainty associated with future load demand. Short‐term uncertainties, stemming from variations in load demands and production levels of stochastic units, are modeled through operating conditions. To ensure the tractability of the proposed planning model, the authors introduce a decomposition framework embedded with a modified application of Bender's method. To validate the efficiency and highlight the potential benefits of the proposed expansion planning methodology, two case studies based on simplified IEEE 6‐bus and IEEE 118‐bus systems are included. These case studies assess the effectiveness of the presented approach, its ability to navigate uncertainties, and its capacity to effectively optimize expansion decisions.

Carbon Stock Estimation of Compensatory Afforestation Plantation Work in Balod District of Chhattisgarh, India

This paper encapsulates the findings of carbon stock assessment of compensatory afforestation work done in Balod District of Chhattisgarh. Under the State CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority) scheme, the afforestation project aims to enhance the local environment, create employment opportunities for the villagers of Armarikala, and provide fodder for nearby farmers' cattle. This initiative not only address the ecological impact of the power transmission line construction but also align with sustainable development goals by providing socio-economic benefits to the local community. The study aimed to quantify the biomass and carbon sequestration potential of diverse tree species in the Compensatory Afforestation Plantation Work in Balod District of Chhattisgarh. The carbon stock data highlights the significance of different tree species, with Terminalia arjuna emerging as a major contributor, sequestering 3,814.2 kg followed by Dalbergia sissoo with 2616.7 kg of carbon in the surveyed area. The carbon stock assessment in Balod District of Chhattisgarh demonstrates the significant ecological and socio-economic benefits of the compensatory afforestation project under the State CAMPA scheme. The findings underscore the project's alignment with sustainable development goals, enhancing both environmental health and local livelihoods.

Transport infrastructure in ensuring regional development and China's global competitiveness

Purpose: is to evaluate the modern role of transport infrastructure as the factor in the development of the regional economy and strengthening competitive positions outside the country using the example of China.Methods: the correlation-regression analysis, traditionally used to solve the task of the identifying influencing factors, was applied to the economic and transportation indicators across 28 Chinese regions for the year 2021. It was supplemented by the analysis of statistical data and the thematic case study of data on Chinese investments into the transport infrastructure projects both domestically, and abroad.Results: the assessment of infrastructure development of the railway and port infrastructure was carried out based on the analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators. The construction of a correlation and regression analysis model made it possible to form an idea of the impact of China's transport infrastructure on the gross regional product of the provinces. The degree of penetration of Chinese influence into other economies of the world through investments in transport infrastructure has been assessed. The tools for promoting infrastructure projects have been identified that characterize Chinese specifics and make it possible to ensure the country's competitiveness at the global level.Conclusions and Relevance: China is the striking example of the widespread construction of ports, railways, and highways, in addition to the creation of direct freight vehicles and dry cargo ships for the distribution of their products. The high importance of transport infrastructure and the number of employed people in this industry for the growth of the regional product of the provinces of China has been revealed. In the external circuit, the PRC is actively using the strategy of lending to other countries for the construction of infrastructure on their territories. The construction of roads, airports, seaports, power plants and transmission lines allow China to create infrastructure enclaves in developing countries to market its goods and export raw materials for subsequent processing. Borrowing the experience of the PRC in terms of mechanisms for granting grants and loans for the implementation of infrastructure projects will allow Russia to create an extensive system of movement of national goods to markets where they are most in demand in the territories of neighboring states.

Development of intelligent traction walking plate for tension overhead construction

AbstractIn the process of tension wire construction of transmission lines, the key state quantities such as tension, inclination and spatial position of the traction walking plate directly affect the construction safety. At present, the construction personnel use visual observation to obtain the state quantity of traction walking plate in the process of tension wire construction. This monitoring method is not only inefficient, and there are personal subjective factors of judgment errors. For this reason, this paper develops a kind of intelligent traction walking plate for tension wire construction, based on the principle of resistance strain type and gyroscope to obtain the tension and inclination of the traction walking plate, respectively, using two front cameras and two rear cameras to obtain the spatial position of the traction walking plate, and finally completing the real‐time transmission of the monitoring data through the Lora technology. The developed intelligent traction walking plate was applied in Shandong Heze Yongfeng 220 kV transmission line project on 11 October 2020, which improved the construction efficiency by 15.71% while ensuring the construction safety.

Different Demand Response Programs with its Implementation in Various Countries and the Role of TOU DR in the Context of Nepal

With the increasing trend of electricity consumption worldwide, it creates a cumbersome, reliable power system and necessitates the construction of new generator companies, transmission lines, and other infrastructures. Despite investing in new infrastructures to manage occasional peaks, utilities can use the demand response concept to effectively handle demand during such peak time intervals, and in doing so, it enhance the grid stability. This assists in balancing the supply and demand for electricity, making the grid more resilient to fluctuations, and reducing the risk of blackouts. This paper delves into the diverse DR programs across different countries and comparative analysis for finding the suitable DR method to make a more reliable electric power network in Nepal.

Heavy Blimp-Based Simulation Research of Integral Tower Technology

The power industry is the primary energy through the power generation equipment into electricity, and then through the transmission, transformation and distribution system to supply users as energy as the industrial sector, for the industrial and national economy and other sectors to provide basic power, is the first sector of national economic development[1]. As an important link to ensure the normal operation of the power industry, the importance of the power transmission system is self-evident[2]. The transmission tower, as the cornerstone to ensure the normal operation of the transmission system, has a large construction workload and faces problems such as complex construction environment and construction safety risks. Therefore, how to ensure the safe construction of transmission line in complex terrain is of great significance to power system construction. At present, in the construction of transmission tower, the suspension pole group tower and the whole lifting tower are the two main tower construction methods widely used. However, the pylon group tower has a great safety risk[3-4]. The State Grid has been trying to optimise the suspension of the tower. Secondly, due to the inconvenience of transportation, it is difficult for heavy lifting equipment to reach the construction site, which makes it difficult to promote the whole tower scheme using heavy lifting equipment in the mountainous terrain. In addition, the current construction of the tower group lacks scientific calculation and analysis of the force and deformation of the tower and key construction components, and there are hidden dangers such as overload and excessive deformation. Therefore, a new type of tower formation is needed to avoid the risk of personnel working at high altitudes and problems such as the inability of large heavy equipment to reach the construction site in mountainous areas[5]. In this paper, simulation technology is studied against the background of integral tower technology based on airship.

Experimental and theoretical study on the influence of bundle number on corona loss characteristics of ultra high voltage corona cage positive/negative DC conductors at high altitude

The corona loss generated by the conductor is one of the important factors in the design of ultra-high voltage (UHV) direct current transmission lines. This article is based on the high-altitude (2200 m) ultra-high voltage corona cage experimental platform built in Xining City, Qinghai Province. For the LGJ400-35 conductor used in the typical ± 800 kV DC transmission lines from Qinghai to Henan Province, positive and negative polarity corona experiments were conducted on LGJ400-35 conductors with 4, 6, 8, and 10 bundle under surface field strength conditions of 14–22 kV/cm. For the first time, corona loss data of bundle conductors in positive/negative polarity ultra-high voltage DC transmission lines were obtained, Fit the prediction formula for corona loss of transmission lines under different bundle numbers and surface electric field strengths of wires. And build a model in COMSOL Multiphysics software for simulation analysis, fitting the correction factor for the impact of wind speed on wire corona loss. The research results in the article can provide data reference and support for the construction of ultra-high voltage direct current transmission lines in high-altitude areas.

Comprehensive Evaluation of NIMBY Phenomenon with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Radar Chart

The risk level of the NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon is crucial for the safety and economy of transmission and transformation projects which is rarely studied, especially for site selection and the construction of transmission lines and substations. In order to effectively evaluate the risk level to solve the dilemma caused by the NIMBY phenomenon, an evaluation method for quantifying the level of the NIMBY phenomenon is proposed. In this paper, thirty-one evaluation criteria and a risk model are put forward according to relevant laws and regulations that should be followed in the transmission and transformation project in China, then the scores corresponding to these criteria are obtained by a questionnaire survey. The radar chart method and minimum area method are applied to determine the weights of the element and unit layers. Furthermore, the overall risk level is evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In addition, a transmission and transformation project in Xi’an City, China, is used as an example to verify the correction of the risk model and its evaluation method. The results show that the weaknesses in the transmission and transformation project are analyzed, and suggestions for decreasing the risk level are put forward to minimize losses due to the NIMBY phenomenon.

Research on the management and control information system and function design of overhead transmission line construction based on B/S architecture

Research on the management and control information system and function design of overhead transmission line construction based on B/S architecture

Feasibility analysis of dynamic improvement of current carrying capacity of overhead lines

The demand for electricity in China has been increasing year by year. However, the construction of transmission lines is costly and has significant composite short-term peak characteristics. This article aims to study the feasibility of improving the conductor’s current capacity, analyze data characteristics of typical conductor states and micrometeorological data, figure out the real-time conductor’s current capacity based on the calculation model, analyze the margin for improving the CCC, and lift the power supply potential.

Mathematical Simulation for Right of Way Corridor for Overhead Transmission Line

Transmission lines play a vital role in the operation of a reliable electrical power system and that is why the transmission line system is considered as a lifeline system for power supply. The transmission line traverses across the length and breadth of the country, and it crosses all the natural reserves like forests, rivers, vegetation, mountains, etc., to make the system effective, Right of Way (ROW) plays a decisive role in the transmission line. But in today’s growing population and economy, land acquisition for the construction of transmission lines is a major bottleneck. This leads to huge compensations for the utilities and a threat to the natural resources. This paper attempts to arrive at a mathematical simulation for effective ROW by studying different codal provisions and utility practices. The approach is made to make efficient use of the land available without compromising any relevant parameters for ROW.

Compact microstrip patch antenna loaded with Artificial Transmission Line for wireless applications

ABSTRACT This article presents an efficient yet simple spiral antenna design methodology for 2.44 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. In the suggested design, the antenna’s radiating section is redesigned with a particular Artificial Transmission Line (ATL) construction that allows for good downsizing. Circuit analysis and electromagnetic solver are used to verify the design, which demonstrate good agreement with the measured results. The electromagnetic simulation and passive component analysis reveal that the new design matches the traditional designs in terms of frequency tuning and size reduction. The overall footprint of the proposed ATL design is (33 × 25 × 1.6) mm3 which equals to 0.2684λ×0.2033λ×0.013λ, where λ is the distance travelled by the wave per cycle at the operating frequency of 2.44 GHz. The antenna has a gain of 3.8dBi and a 50Ω impedance. Modifying the interdigital capacitance and inductance used in the ATL structure to achieve a longer electrical length of the line can also improve the wave guide mode of excitation. As a result, the phase constant is regulated, allowing for good antenna size minimisation. The effect of interdigital inductance and capacitance on the operating bands is also analysed.

Preparation and characteristics of nano-MgO/polypropylene composite insulating material for ultra-high voltage DC transmission line construction

Preparation and characteristics of nano-MgO/polypropylene composite insulating material for ultra-high voltage DC transmission line construction

Land cover changes and hydropower in Bhutan: Analyzing trade-offs in economic and ecosystem impacts

Hydropower is recognized as a vital renewable, stable and clean energy source that plays a crucial role in sustainable development. However, it often entails significant environmental impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in mountainous regions where its potential is greatest. This study assesses the land cover changes driven by the development of hydropower projects in Bhutan, specifically the projects Punatsangchu I, II, and Mangdechu, with a combined capacity of 2940 MWp. We employed high-resolution satellite imagery alongside historical land use data to quantify these changes. Our analysis reveals that over the course of around 17 years, 1400 ha of forest and 270 ha of agricultural land were cleared, leading to an average annual economic cost of USD 7.6 million. The relative forest cover loss, measured at 0.5 ha MWp−1, was significantly lower than earlier estimates of 2 ha MWp−1. The construction of transmission lines, often a neglected aspect, accounted for the majority (>80 %) of the forest area cleared. Conducting an economic analysis, the annual net benefits of hydropower generation and transmission from these plants are estimated at USD 217 million, about 9 % of Bhutan's 2020 GDP. However, these benefits significantly diminish to USD 8.6 million annually when only considering the transmission infrastructure. The study reveals that the trade-offs between the economic benefits of hydropower and the loss of ecosystem services are relatively modest but become more pronounced when excluding generation benefits and applying higher values to ecosystem services. Although the study assumes a complete loss of ecosystem services, the creation of transmission line corridors contributes to a higher landscape heterogeneity potentially benefitting biodiversity. The findings have significant implications for Bhutan's policy-making in spatial planning, energy, forestry, and agriculture, and highlight areas for further research on hydropower's environmental and economic impacts.

Research on Evaluation Method of Temporary Road Scheme in Mechanized Construction of Transmission Line

During the construction of overhead transmission lines, it is difficult for construction equipment to arrival the site, and it is difficult to evaluate the optimal approach comprehensively. In this paper, the evaluation of construction temporary road schemes is built, and a multi-dimensional evaluation index system covering the indicators such as technical factors, economy, environment, safety is constructed. The weight of each evaluation index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the comprehensive score of the scheme is obtained, so as to realize the comprehensive ranking of the approach scheme, which can help make decisions of the optimal approach scheme.

Analysis and experimental study on the cause of fracture of a Transmission line’s Drainage connecting plate

The transmission line is exposed to the outdoors for a long time, and the operation environment is complex, which makes the line equipment prone to corrosion, wore and heat, etc. The fracture of the drainage plate of the tensioning wire is one of the problems that often occur in the operation of the transmission line. Based on the systematic analysis of the problem of the fracture of the drainage plate of a transmission line, the causes of the fracture of the drainage plate are obtained, and the corresponding rectification measures are proposed, which has an important reference for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the subsequent transmission line.

Analysis, simulation and experimental research on the mechanisms of lantern-shaped strand defects in the conductor construction of transmission line

This paper focuses on theoretical, numerical simulation, and experimental research on the lantern-shaped strand defect that arises in tension stringing constructions of large-section conductors. Starting from considerations for factors such as the construction environment and the characteristics of the conductor passing through blocks, this paper presents the causes of conductor torque generation and analyzes the distribution of axial forces on the outmost layer strands and the outmost adjacent layer strands of the conductor when subjected to bending and twisting. Taking into account the contact forces between strands in different layers, this paper thoroughly examines the mechanical causes that lead to the occurrence of the lantern-shaped strand defect in conductors. It concludes that the axial compression and the external contact force acting on the outermost adjacent layer strands are crucial in the formation of the lantern-shaped strand defect. To numerically simulate the lantern-shaped defect, a finite element model is developed to replicate the passage of a 1250 mm2 large-section conductor through the block system. Furthermore, considering actual working conditions, a test equipment is designed and constructed to replicate the lantern-shaped defect. The shape and size of the lantern-shaped defect obtained from the tests exhibited a substantial agreement with the simulation results, suggesting concordance between theoretical analysis and real situation. This research methodology can be used to analyze defects in conductors with varying sections, serving as a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of construction defects in conductors.

Impact of Nigeria-China relations on development in Nigeria, 2010-2020

Nigeria-China relations had a considerable influence on Nigeria's development, and the Peoples Republic of China emerged as one of Nigeria's primary commercial partners and a major source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent decades. To this, the relationship between the two nations has influenced Nigeria's growth in various ways, especially in the area of infrastructure development obtained through loans, investments, skills and technology transfer. China has contributed to the development of Nigeria’s infrastructure, thus, fostering economic growth in addition to influencing regional integration. Furthermore, in the energy and power sectors, Chinese firms have been involved in the construction of power plants, transmission lines, and renewable energy projects in Nigeria aimed at addressing power deficits and improving access to electricity, which is essential for industrial development and improving Nigerians' quality of life. China is one of Nigeria's top commercial partners and a substantial source of foreign direct investment (FDI). Chinese enterprises working in Nigeria have provided technology, skills, and knowledge transfer that has benefited Nigerian industries. Chinese investments in industries like telecommunications, manufacturing and agriculture have eased the transfer of technical skills while also increasing efficiency in production methods. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of bilateral trade relations as a means of change and development especially when the nations involved are in need of each other. The paper adopts qualitative approach to the study of international relations. The paper adopts dependency theory to analyze bilateral trade relation between Nigeria and China. The theory believes that trade should only be done to enhance prosperity and also argued that the principle of comparative advantage ensures everyone would profit from the interaction. The paper reveals and concludes that Nigeria-China relations have made a substantial impact on Nigeria's economic development notwithstanding some notable deficiencies that have arisen in areas of unfair labour practices amongst others

Power investment and transmission network expansion in China and its neighbouring countries towards carbon neutrality

Transnational power cooperation contributes to promoting the large-scale use of renewable energies in Asia, but how to develop the structure of power transmission network deserves careful investigation. This paper thoroughly investigates the structure of power investment and transmission network in China and neighbouring countries, aiming to promote the large-scale use of renewable energies around Asia. Various power-generation and power-transmission technologies are considered in detail, and transnational power interconnection risk cost and carbon emission cost are embedded into a bottom-up optimization model. The future power-generation structures and networks installed under various policy scenarios are analysed in detail, and the corresponding economic, carbon emission reduction and renewable energy consumption benefits are evaluated. The results show that power transmission between China's internal regions and neighbouring countries can save $56.7 billion for the entire power system through the large-scale grid integration of renewable energy. The installed capacities of wind power, solar power, and hydropower renewable energy power generation could be increased by 141 GW, 163 GW, and 58 GW, respectively. The construction of transnational transmission lines from Central Asia to Northwest China, Mongolia to North China, the Russian Far East to Northeast China, and Northeast China to South Korea could effectively promote the utilization of renewable energy in the Russian Far East, Mongolia and Central Asia and further reduce carbon emissions in China, Japan and South Korea.