Construction Of Transmission Lines Research Articles

Discussion on feature enhancement technology of audit object of power transmission and transformation project settlement based on remote sensing technology

In the rapid development of social economy and science and technology, the construction management of power transmission and transformation project began to widely use modern science and technology theory, the most representative of which is remote sensing technology. According to the data obtained by UAV digital policy image and digital surface model, soil and water conservation measures and engineering prevention and control monitoring are proposed in the integrated analysis and calculation research, which can provide technical support for the construction management of power transmission and transformation projects. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the technical content of transmission and transformation engineering line construction, this paper mainly explores the transmission and transformation engineering monitoring system based on low-altitude remote sensing technology of drones and builds an intelligent transmission and transformation engineering settlement audit platform according to the current development status of transmission and transformation engineering completion settlement audit. The final practice case proves that the remote-sensing technology based power transmission and transformation project settlement audit effect is stronger, which meets the needs of power transmission and transformation project construction management in the new era.

Selection of Foundation Types for Mechanized Construction of 220 kV Overhead Transmission Lines in Mountainous Areas Suitable for Fujian Province

The construction of overhead transmission lines in mountainous areas poses a significant challenge when it comes to foundation construction. The type of foundation selected in these areas has a direct impact on equipment selection and access road planning. Fujian Province, located on the southeastern coast of China, is predominantly hilly and mountainous. Therefore, selecting an appropriate foundation for overhead transmission lines is crucial for successful mechanized construction of transmission lines in this region. In this study, we aimed to enhance the economy of mechanized construction of the foundation of the 220 kV overhead transmission lines in Fujian Province. We analyzed the typical geological conditions and foundation reactions in the area and compared the construction costs of mechanical pile foundations, mechanical digging foundations, and rock anchor foundations. The results show that the mechanical pile foundation requires the least amount of concrete when the foundation reaction of the 220 kV suspension tower is less than 1700 kN and the foundation reaction of the 220 kV tension tower is less than 1300 kN. Additionally, the quantity of the rock anchor foundation is less than that of the digging foundation. In terms of cost, the rock anchor foundation is the most economical, followed by the mechanical pile foundation and then the digging foundation.

The role of fast-acting energy storage for contingency grid support in the transmission planning

This paper investigates the role of fast-acting energy storage systems in transmission expansion planning, by allowing higher transfers through the network during normal operation. This is achieved by considering the ability of energy storage systems to provide real and reactive power reserves after forced single-circuit outages to prevent line overloading and voltage level violations in post-contingency states, and by applying the corrective N−1 security criterion. A computational tool is presented to solve the multi-year transmission expansion problem with multiple scenarios of availability of renewable energy sources. The model is solved using the FICO Xpress software. The 2022–2037 Chilean transmission expansion plan is used as a case study, given the high need for flexibility to integrate 29.5 GW of new solar and wind generation capacity several hundred kilometers from its load center, with a system peak demand of 16.5 GW. The results obtained show that fast-acting energy storage systems reduce the cost of the investment plan by USD 712 million (-18%) mainly because it requires 5 GWh less of conventional storage capacity (-19%), allowing the system operator to increase the usage of the existing transmission network, and providing the central planner with a deferral option for the construction of new transmission lines.

The Use Of Temporary Towers To Optimize The Completion Of Reconductoring And Tower Replacement Of 150 Kv High Voltage Overhead Lines (SUTT)

Transmission lines play an important role in the successful and stable operation and distribution of power grids both for power evacuation from power plants and as a link from one Substation to another. The construction of new transmission lines as a form of meeting high electricity needs in the current era of Globalization has many obstacles, both in terms of rejection from residents, expensive licensing arrangements, and very expensive investment costs. Reconductoring is one of the methods of increasing transmission capacity at minimum cost with an adequate level of quality and reliability. Reconductoring is the best solution today to increase conductor conducting capacity with the least investment and get maximum economic efficiency. However, considering that reconductoring is an addition of transmission capacity using old or existing lines and also requires tower replacement, so an outage with a long duration is needed which is feared to have an impact on system reliability. Therefore, the use of emergency towers is believed to be a solution to shorten the blackout time. Emergency towers are used as tools in reconductor work and tower replacement. A study was conducted by calculating the Cost Budget Plan (RAB) and schedule analysis using the Microsoft Project Application to determine the comparison of the duration of time needed to complete reconductoring work and tower replacement between using an emergency tower and without an emergency tower. From the time schedule made, it will be known which work method uses a shorter duration of time so that it can save or speed up the blackout time. This study is expected to produce a shorter schedule of reconductoring and tower replacement work using temporary/emergency towers and with a smaller RAB compared to Total Operating Costs so as to shorten the duration of the outage time at an efficient cost.

Test Analysis of 220 kV Rotating Transmission Angle Tower

As the requirements for the protection of environmental water in the construction of transmission lines have increased, the position of the tower in steep mountainous areas often fails to meet the requirements because of the difference in tower legs, which causes damage to the original landform, thus resulting in the change of the path and the increase of the project investment. In this paper, we optimize the design of a rotating steel tower to adapt to the steep terrain of mountainous areas and reduce the base surface opening. The feasibility of the proposed rotating tower optimization design is demonstrated by analyzing the real test data of the rotating tower.

Pengaruh Kebisingan Terhadap Kelelahan dalam Pekerjaan Pembangunan SUTT 150 kV Raha Bau-Bau Section 1

The construction of transmission line is one of the national strategic projects to even out development, especially with regard to the need for electric power. The construction of transmission line Raha – Baubau will connect two islands in Southeast Sulawesi Province, namely Muna Island and Buton Island. PT PLN (Persero) UPP Sulawesi Tenggara as the project director on this project is very concerned about K3 (Occupational Safety and Health) starting from the planning, work, testing and operation stages. Measurements of the work environment have been routinely carried out every semester but there has never been a study on the impact of noise on worker fatigue in the field. The sources of noise during this construction work include breakers, concrete mixers, ironworks, erection towers and stringing machines. With a total workforce of ±80 people and work intensity/noise exposure of 8 hours/day and the impact of noise risks that are not yet known, it is necessary to conduct research to identify and mitigate the risks of fatigue due to noise in the construction work of transmission line Raha-Baubau Section 1.

Energy System of Dalenergo in the Prewar Years (1937–1941): Conditions and Features of Formation

Introduction. The study analyzes the historical aspects of the formation of the energy system of Dalenergo in the prewar years, identifies the prerequisites, conditions and features of this process. Materials and Methods. The study is based on unpublished archival records, including declassified documents found in federal and regional archives. The study used traditional historical methods and historical and economic (systemic, statistical, quantitative). Results. The development of the electrical economy in the USSR in the 1930s characterized by the formation of central and regional energy systems. Dalenergo, the easternmost energy system in the USSR, was formed by the order of Glavenergo NKTP dated January 5, 1937, when construction work on the electrical networks and power plants that became part of it had not yet been completed. As a result, certain difficulties and problems arose during the creation of the energy system. Discussion and Conclusion. The formation of the energy system of Dalenergo was determined by the remoteness and isolation of the Far East region from the industrialized regions of the country, the limited financial, material, technical and time resources, the incomplete construction of power plants and transmission lines, and the unresolved personnel problems. During the creation of the energy system, managerial errors and miscalculations were made. The energy system of Dalenergo differed from other systems of the USSR in its modest production capacities, was geographically limited only by the territory of the Amur Bay and poorly met the tasks of the socio-economic development of the Far East region.

Hazards and Treatment of Collapsible Loess Foundation on Ultrahigh Voltage Transmission Lines

With the development of ultrahigh voltage transmission line construction in northwest China, an increasing number of overhead transmission lines are crossing the loess regions. Ensuring the stability of electricity transmission towers and mitigating the risk of collapse are crucial prerequisites for the construction of transmission lines. Taking the 750 kV demonstration electricity transmission line in Guanting–Lanzhou East as an example, representative loess samples were selected for compression and collapsing sensitivity tests. Four foundation treatment schemes were designed, and the wetting deformation characteristics were investigated through numerical simulation of the rainfall infiltration process. Corresponding optimisation schemes were proposed. The collapsing process was divided into four stages through laboratory collapsing tests. The relationship function between saturation and the Duncan–Chang model parameters of loess was established, which was introduced into the finite element model to consider the rainfall infiltration process. The analysis of the displacement field, and loess saturation field with time after rainfall infiltration for the four schemes showed that adding a lime-stabilised soil cushion layer and waterproof layer to the inclined column foundation had the best effect. Given that the design scheme needs to consider safety and economy, the thickness of the cushion layer was optimised, thereby reducing the use of lime-stabilised soil by 20%. Research findings provide meaningful guidance for the design of transmission tower foundations in loess areas.

Technical and Economic Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Electrification of Hydrocarbon Production Facilities in Underdeveloped Areas

The relevance of the technical and economic evaluation of options for the optimization of electrification projects of hydrocarbon production facilities is due to the growing need for the development of new fields in undeveloped and hard-to-reach territories. Development of new fields requires the construction of large amounts of infrastructure energy facilities, new solutions to improve energy efficiency, reducing capital intensity of projects, solutions to improve the efficiency of resource use in the circular economy, and the use of renewable energy sources (RES). Analysis of the technological directions of electrification of hydrocarbon production facilities proves that the low level of application of RES for energy supply purposes is due to the lack of experimental data on the implementation of this kind of project. This study considers features of technological solutions, practical recommendations, and the main limitations of the application of a hybrid automated system based on RES for the electrification of gas production facilities located in poorly-developed territories. A comparative technical and economic analysis of electrification options using autonomous RES and construction of a power transmission line (PTL) to a remote section of an oil and gas condensate field located in the Arctic zone was carried out. In order to justify the implementation of the electrification project with the use of RES sources, the climatic potential of the region was assessed, and the calculation of energy supply needs and a comparison of alternatives on the basis of specific total capital and operating costs were provided. Assessment of the specific indicator of costs for the proposed variant of the autonomous energy complex based on wind generation indicated savings of RUB 2.24 per kilowatt-hour of energy used. The results of the study can be used in project planning and evaluation of proposed technological solutions based on the rational choice of energy sources and optimization of cost indicators for the construction and operation of energy supply systems.

Assessing the technical and economic potential of wind and solar energy in China—A provincial-scale analysis

An accurate assessment of wind and solar resources is important for China's future transition to clean energy and the achievement of its carbon-neutrality goals. Based on climate data, geographical information, and the latest technical and economic information, this work estimates the total technical and economic potential of wind and solar power in China and their distribution by province. The main conclusions drawn by analyzing the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the potential of wind and solar energy are as follows. (1) Both wind and solar energy have sufficient technical potential to support China's vision of carbon neutrality by 2060. (2) The potential is unevenly distributed spatially and is more concentrated in western and northern China, away from demand centers, with Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia accounting for >76% of the total technical potential of onshore wind and solar energy. The offshore wind potential is fairly equally distributed in coastal provinces. (3) In the near-to-medium term (5–10 years), fully utilized local wind and solar resources could help to meet the requirements of the non-hydro Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), and could significantly ease the urgency of building long-distance cross-province power transmission lines. For provinces with below-average RPS targets, the suggested non-hydro RPS targets could be further enhanced. (4) In the long term, the construction of adequate west-east and south-north transmission lines will remain essential to the construction of a national carbon-neutral power system.

Study on Dynamic Line Rating of Overhead Transmission Line Based on Large-Scale New Energy Power Grid Connection

With increasing new energy power grid connections and increasingly complex user loads, higher ampacity is required during peak power demand. Construction of new transmission lines can cost a lot and is limited by the environment and the shortage of land resources. Considering the intermittency of new energy power generation, dynamic line rating can increase the power transmission capacity of existing lines by exploiting their potential capacity. In this paper, the ampacity of transmission lines is calculated accurately, and influencing factors of ampacity are studied. Additionally, temperature change patterns and field distribution of the lines are studied. The results show that wind speed, ambient temperature, and sunshine intensity are the three main factors affecting the ampacity. Wind speed is proportional to ampacity, while ambient temperature and sunshine intensity are opposite. Then, it is found that the thermal inertia effect of transmission lines that temperature change lags behind current change can be utilized for ampacity enhancement. Furthermore, the radial temperature difference is found in the lines, and excessive temperature differences may accompany the risk of strand breakage. It is of great significance to study the temperature field of the lines for dynamic line rating based on large-scale new energy power grid connections.

Cable crimping intelligent measuring device

The rapid development of China’s economy has promoted the development of the power industry, and more and more UHV transmission lines have been put into construction. With the expansion of the cable scale, the power industry’s requirements for cable quality have also increased. In the construction of power transmission and transformation lines, the crimping of cables is an important link that affects the entire line. On the basis of the traditional crimping measurement method, this paper designs an intelligent measuring device for cable crimping, which uses STM32 microcontroller as data processor and integrates various digital measuring tools. The device is used in the cable crimping construction and quality inspection process. Improve the efficiency and quality of cable crimping construction, and realize the integration, digitization and informatization of cable crimping data measurement.

Analysis and Research on Windproof Deviation of Coastal 500kV Transmission Line Jumpers

Based on the current situation of frequent wind deflection faults of 500 kV transmission line jumpers caused by typhoons in coastal areas, this paper proposes a new sectional wind deflection proof post insulator transformation measure by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of conventional jumper wind deflection transformation measures, which effectively improves the anti typhoon and wind resistance of 500 kV transmission line jumpers. It can save the amount of steel for tower transformation and greatly shorten the transformation outage time. It provides a solution for future coastal transmission line construction and wind deflection prevention reconstruction.

Studies of spun concrete poles for electric power transmission line supports reinforced with Au1000P rebars

Introduction. In connection with the present volumes of electrification in central Russia, the need for the construction of new electric power transmission lines (EPTLs) has decreased considerably. At the same time, the natural degradation of EPTL supports in time, as well as the prospects for developing the vast expanses of the northern, Siberian and Far Eastern regions, caused by the reorientation of Russia’s economic relations from the West to the East, make it urgent to increase production volumes and technical and economic efficiency of using spun reinforced concrete poles for EPTL supports.Aim. Industrial implementation of spun reinforced concrete poles with the high-strength innovation profile reinforcement by replacing A800 rebars with four-row-profile Au1000P rebars.Materials and methods. The article provides data on the full-scale tests of spun reinforced concrete poles for EPTL supports according to the GOST 22687.1-85 “Centrifugal cylinder reinforced concrete posts for high-voltage transmission lines. Structure and dimensions” [1]. Three pole samples with a length of 26 m were prepared and tested. One sample consisted of prestressed A800 rebars according to GOST 22687.1-85, while the other two prototypes include the prestressed Au1000P rebars with the four-row profile. In the second sample, the reinforcement scheme (diameters and rebar quantity) repeats the standard option, increasing the bearing capacity of the pole. Having the same bearing capacity as the pole, manufactured according to the GOST, the third sample promoted for the reduction in the quantity of non-stressed rebars.Results. A new scheme for reinforcing the pole sample using Au1000P rebars was developed. The results of the sample testing are presented; a comparative evaluation of the pole strength and deformation characteristics is given; technical and economic indicators, as well as the recommendations regarding the reinforcement of the prestressed spun concrete poles with Au1000P rebars are provided.Conclusion. According to the results of the performed study, an economic effect was established due to a reduction in the quantity of non-stressed rebars by 28 %. Poles with Au1000P prestressed rebars have an increased corrosion resistance and durability due to the closing of cracks formed during the impact of short-term dynamic loads from wind gusts, wire breaks, etc. In terms of a recommendation, it is proposed to update the GOST 22687.1-85 in order to use new types of high-strength reinforcement rolled products and higher strength concrete.

A Wideband Compact Printed Dipole Antenna Array With SICL Feeding Network for 5G Application

A wideband compact printed dipole antenna array with an element size of 0.16 λ0 × 0.34 λ0 is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications, particularly for 5G applications. The two patches of the dipole are printed on two different layers to achieve a wide bandwidth of 50% (24–40 GHz) for SWR <2. Ground-signal-ground transmission line construction with a height difference between the feeding via and the two shorting vias is employed to achieve a relatively symmetrical radiation pattern. An antenna array consisting of the proposed antenna and a 1 to 8 substrate-integrated coaxial line feeding network is fabricated and measured. Simulations are also used to verify the beam scanning performance (up to ±50°). The proposed compact printed dipole antenna is a good contender for 5G mmW applications due to its wide band, compact size, and good beam scanning performance.

Experimental Investigation on the Strength and Microscopic Properties of Cement-Stabilized Aeolian Sand

Aeolian sand widely exists in the desert of western China. The reinforcement of aeolian sand is of considerable significance to the construction of transmission lines in the desert. In order to study the impact of different cement contents and moisture content on the performance of the cement-stabilized aeolian sand, 18 types of samples of aeolian sand with different water and cement contents were prepared. The confined and unconfined compression tests of the aeolian sand samples were conducted on the TSZ series automatic triaxial instrument. The microscopic observation methods and macroscopic strength tests were adopted to understand the cement-stabilized mechanism. The results of the triaxial test manifest that both the moisture content and the cement content affect the stress-strain behavior of the cement-stabilized aeolian sand. The cement-stabilized effect on aeolian sand can be estimated by the degree of hydration reaction. Microscopic test results show that as the cement content increases, the pores in the microstructure decrease, and some crystalline substances appear. The content of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which is one of the hydration products, is measured by the X-ray diffraction method. The results indicate that the solidification effect of cement is related to the C-S-H percentage. For 3% water content, the percentage of C-S-H goes up first with the increase of cement content and then gradually decreases at the cement content of 6%. When the water content goes up to 5% and 7%, it is found that the production of C-S-H gel increases with cement content.

Analysis of the System Impact upon Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Relocation Due to Changes in the Power System Environment

Owing to geographical and political influences, Korea has an independent electric power system and the highest density of electric power facilities in the world. Large-scale base power generation complexes are located in non-metropolitan coastal areas, while the most expensive combined cycle power plants are operating or under construction in the metropolitan areas, which have the largest electricity demand. It has become difficult to secure a site for power plants, and the existing power transmission network is insufficient because of the additional construction of generators in existing power generation complexes, the increase in capacity of facilities, and the rapid increase in new and renewable energy. In particular, the East Coast region has a problem of transient stability for this reason, which is being addressed in advance through power generation restrictions. In addition, TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) is installed and operated to expand the capacity of existing power transmission lines and improve stability in the failures of nearby high-voltage lines until new transmission lines that take more than 10 years are installed to resolve power generation restrictions. However, after the construction of a new transmission line, the efficiency of the existing TCSC is degraded, and for efficient use, it is necessary to rearrange the installation location to utilize the optimal TCSC according to changes in the configuration of the nearby power system. Moreover, a detailed analysis is needed on whether the TCSC designed according to the existing grid configuration exhibits accurate control performance even after the relocation and whether it interferes with nearby generators. In addition to the dynamic performance based on real-time simulations, it is necessary to study the control performance and interaction for this power electronic equipment. This study verified the need to change controller parameters, the interaction effect with nearby generators for stable operation, and the system effect of TCSC relocation using the same replica controller as the actual field controller, as well as RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulation) simulating the entire power transmission system.

Hot spots of methane emission in West Siberian middle taiga wetlands disturbed by petroleum extraction activities

Hot spots of methane emission in West Siberian middle taiga wetlands disturbed by petroleum extraction activities

Research on Construction Technology of Deep Foundation Pit of High Voltage Transmission Line in Plateau Area

With the further expansion of China power grid, it is the current and future trend of power system development to set up high-voltage or even ultra-high-voltage transmission lines. Because the construction environment of high-voltage transmission lines is very complex and changeable, how to ensure the construction quality and progress of transmission lines according to the construction drawings provided by the design unit is the key to the construction of transmission lines. The quality level of deep foundation pit excavation is a representative factor that profoundly affects the construction quality level of high-voltage transmission line projects in plateau areas. Only by managing the construction quality of all sub-projects in the power system can the stability of power operation be effectively guaranteed. This paper expounds the key points of deep foundation pit excavation construction technology, in order to analyze the deep foundation construction technology of high-voltage transmission lines in plateau area, and provide theoretical support for the deep foundation pit construction of high-voltage transmission lines in plateau area.

Construction Design of Prestressed Cast in place Piles for Transmission Line Engineering in Plateau Areas

With the growth of urban construction, the excavation depth of foundation pit construction is getting deeper and deeper. Adding soil anchor to cast-in-place pile is one of the most effective methods for deep foundation pit support. And the construction quality of cast-in-place pile and soil anchor directly affects the subsequent construction and the safety of buildings. As an important pile type, pile foundation often has some quality problems such as pile position deviation, excessive sediment, concrete segregation, mud inclusion, broken pile and so on. Therefore, in the construction, it is necessary to correctly select the construction technology, strengthen the quality control of the construction process, ensure the integrity of the pile body, and make the static pressure test reach an excellent state. In the construction of electric power engineering, the links between the steps are very close, so only strict quality management of each process can really ensure the quality of transmission line construction. Combined with the engineering practice, this paper analyzes the quality problems of bored piles in plateau area and puts forward the prevention measures, providing suggestions for the construction design of prestressed bored piles in transmission line engineering.