Construction Of Such Systems Research Articles

Синтез базы правил нечеткой логической модели на основе задачи обучения с учителем

Intelligent information systems are at present actively incorporated in almost all industry fields. Out of many approaches to construction of such systems, the following two methods are worthy of noting: a method involving the use of expert knowledge, which include, in particular, fuzzy modeling), and a method of supervised machine learning, which estimate this knowledge from the available data marked depending on the objectresponse pairs. Each of these methods has its essential advantages and drawbacks. A combined use of both the approaches for solving the classification case is given. The proposed method for training a fuzzy classifier includes fuzzification of the input features of objects, shaping of logical rule conditions for the fuzzy model rule base, and selection of the most typical rule conclusions for filling the relational matrix. The terms of input features and their membership functions behave as the fuzzy model hyperparameters. As an example, the case of binary classification in a two-dimensional coordinate space with a nonlinear distribution of classes is considered. The sets of terms and membership functions ensuring high-quality classification on the training and test data have been found for each of the coordinates. The fuzzy classifier trained using the proposed method is able to solve a number of binary and multi-class classification cases. It can be applied in a situation involving difficulties in specifying an a priori rule base, and supervised learning is allowed to be used as a solution. Since the approach has logical rules at its heart, transparency of the model is ensured, and explanations to the results yielded by the model can be done.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ЦИФРОВИХ СИСТЕМ «SMART CITY»

In the last decade, the development and integration of the life of information technology society has affected the system of public governance. Key aspects of organizing modern urban development, management and planning that encompass different measurements: effective management, stability, environmental friendliness, innovation and understanding of the «Smart City» concept. «Smart City» is a digital toolkit (system), in which the city аdministration interact with the community and the city's infrastructure. As the basic tools of «Smart City» we can consider software and hardware complexes that are the part of the components (applications, software solutions, dedicated services, etc.), that perform specific typical operations for solving certain individual functions and form the overall architecture of the system. A significant barrier for the development of digital interference in Ukraine is a lack of clear classification of «Smart City» warehouse tools. One of the most important ways for systematization is the general classification of «Smart City» tools. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the classification of «Smart City» tools. The article proposes to define the classification method as a set of rules for the creation of classification systems, as well as their coincidence. The proposed facet method most closely matches the system of classification of «Smart City» tools and allows to systematize a large set of objects. It is substantiated that using the facet method it is possible to construct a classification system of «Smart City» tools with flexible scaling at each level of such structure. The structure of classification of basic functions of public administration bodies is determined. The basic digital interactions of public intervention agencies (G - government) with the company (B - business) and citizens (C - citizen) are selected based on the levels of interaction of subjects and objects of electronic service provision. This will make it possible to formulate the first basic classification level depending on a certain initial position of objects in system. In order to determine the interaction levels, it is suggested to introduce index of the «Smart City» solutions, with the positioning of the system component by the classifiers. Based on the facet principle and defined types of fields, the basic system of classification «Smart City» tools was built. Having defined the tool of classification it becomes possible to describe and formaloze the inter-system interconnections at the level of data exchange between different components and subsystems. It expands the possibilities of implementation, cloning and scaling up successful technical, technological and managerial decisions. The proposed classification is a supersystem and does not affect internal architecture of specific systems and is appointmed, first of all, for the construction and standardization of inter-system interactions and systematization of «Smart City» tools. As a further development of issues we see the development of standardization and «Smart City» tools at the state level, the study of the world's experience in the implementation of «Smart City» to determine the recommendations for the development and construction of such systems.

SEPARABLE PROGRAMMING METHOD FOR SOLVING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS OF OPTIMIZING THE PARAMETERS OF LASER INFORMATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

The solution of optimization problems of laser information-measuring systems and their information and measurement channels, including functional elements for multiplicative signals, structures and technical parameters on a vector of quality indicators presented in tactical-technical requirements using expenditure indicators, is one from the main components of the theory of construction of such systems. Purpose of the article. Development of a universal method for solving multidimensional problems of optimization of parameters of laser information-measuring systems, no matter how it depends on the form of communication functions. The article discloses a separable programming method for optimizing laser information-measuring systems. The developed method uses the existing methods of modern mathematical programming with a separable representation of value and represents the optimum in analytical form, which allows it to "link" individual blocks of optimization problems into a common (single) solution. The method solves such problems as: multidimensionality, convergence of results, simplicity (universality), construction of exchange curves, and so on. It can be applied to any optimization problem as one-functional and multifunctional LIMS as a whole, and their information and measuring channels separately (including their functional elements). Analytical expressions for calculations are presented.

Russian stationary vibration control and mechanical displacement systems for electric power pumps of thermal power plants

The article discusses the possibility of using Russian stationary vibration and mechanical quantities control systems for electric power boilers of thermal power plants, in particular, the implementation of automated control of absolute vibration bearing, axial shear and speed with the requirements of regulatory documents. A review and analysis of the market of stationary systems for monitoring vibration and mechanical quantities, their technical and metrological characteristics was carried out. The possibility of integrating Russian stationary systems for monitoring vibration and mechanical quantities into automated process control systems of thermal power plants, their application in various subsystems, including the subsystem of technological protection and safety locks, is considered. An assessment was made of compliance with regulatory documents governing the construction of such systems, taking into account the requirements of supervisory authorities.

Distinguished Zn,Co-Nx-C-Sy active sites confined in dentric carbon for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction and flexible Zn-air Batteries

M-Nx-C (M stands for Fe, Co, Ni) represent a typical type of highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) nonprecious-metal catalyst, of which the catalytic activity can be further boosted by introducing other metal or nonmetal species. However the rational design and construction of such system remains conceptually challenging and requires in-depth research both experimentally and theoretically. In this work, highly active sulfur (S)-modified Zn,Co-Nx-C-Sy bimetallic sites confined in dentric carbon are developed through a facile simultaneous coordination pyrolysis method. Such an architecture offers two fold advantages in ORR catalysis: 1) The enhanced binding between O2 and Zn-Co bimetallic site can facilitate the O-O activation and reduce the cleavage barrier of O-O bond in the step of *OOH + e-→*O + OH-; 2) the S doping can engineer the charges around Zn,Co active center, and strengthen the interaction with oxygenated species by decreasing the free energy changes of *O2 + e- + H2O→*OOH + OH- step. As a result, the as prepared Zn,Co-Nx-C-Sy exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance with a half wave potential 67 mv more positive than commercial Pt/C (0.893 V vs. 0.826 V), as well as excellent stability ( ~ 4.4% current loss after 20,000 s test). The material also shows promising potential as cathode catalyst in flexible Zn-air batteries.

Scoring is an expert method for predicting the credit capacity of social assets

The article defines that modern approaches to solving the credit issue, while minimizing the risk of possible losses, need to introduce new effective risk management principles and computer decision support systems. The construction of such systems involves the development and use of a variety of alternative methods for analyzing data, alternative models and relevant criteria for analyzing the quality of models and the final result – the probability of non-return of credit. It has been proven that the use of the scoring model as one of the main risk management tools of credit operations is recognized worldwide as one of the most effective. In modern foreign banking practice, when building a scoring system, most often, such client characteristics are taken into account: the number of children, marital status, income, telephone availability, and the period of cooperation with the bank. In recent years, scoring systems have become widespread in the activities of domestic banks. Keywords credit scoring, scoring model, creditworthiness of individuals, bank accountant, post-manager, credit scoring technology.

The Complexity of Translationally Invariant Spin Chains with Low Local Dimension

We prove that estimating the ground state energy of a translationally invariant, nearest-neighbour Hamiltonian on a 1D spin chain is textsf {QMA}_{{textsf {EXP}}}-complete, even for systems of low local dimension (approx 40). This is an improvement over the best previously known result by several orders of magnitude, and it shows that spin-glass-like frustration can occur in translationally invariant quantum systems with a local dimension comparable to the smallest-known non-translationally invariant systems with similar behaviour. While previous constructions of such systems rely on standard models of quantum computation, we construct a new model that is particularly well-suited for encoding quantum computation into the ground state of a translationally invariant system. This allows us to shift the proof burden from optimizing the Hamiltonian encoding a standard computational model, to proving universality of a simple model. Previous techniques for encoding quantum computation into the ground state of a local Hamiltonian allow only a linear sequence of gates, hence only a linear (or nearly linear) path in the graph of all computational states. We extend these techniques by allowing significantly more general paths, including branching and cycles, thus enabling a highly efficient encoding of our computational model. However, this requires more sophisticated techniques for analysing the spectrum of the resulting Hamiltonian. To address this, we introduce a framework of graphs with unitary edge labels. After relating our Hamiltonian to the Laplacian of such a unitary labelled graph, we analyse its spectrum by combining matrix analysis and spectral graph theory techniques.

Locomotion and Transformation of Underwater Micrometer-Sized Molecular Aggregates under Chemical Stimuli

In this review paper, we introduce the mobility and transformation of micrometer-sized molecular aggregates (i.e., oil droplets, liquid crystalline droplets and tubes, and giant vesicles) in water under chemical stimuli. These molecular aggregates comprising lipophilic and/or amphiphilic molecules have drawn much attention as plausible prebiotic cellular structures and dynamic microreactors related to the origins of life. Here, we highlight recent advances and issues concerning the construction of such systems and discuss the implications of these findings to our understanding of protocellular systems.

Site investigation for energy geostructures

Energy geostructures are structure or infrastructure foundations used as heat exchangers as part of a ground source heat pump system. Although piles remain the most common type of energy geostructure, increasingly infrastructure projects are considering the use of other buried structures such as retaining walls and tunnels for heat exchange. To design and plan for construction of such systems, site investigations must provide appropriate information to derive analysis input parameters. This paper presents a review of what information regarding the ground, and also the structures themselves, would be required for the ground energy system design process. Appropriate site investigation methods for energy geostructures are reviewed, from desk study stages through in situ testing to laboratory testing of samples recovered. Available methods are described and critically appraised and guidance for practical application is given.

Distributed sensor swarms for monitoring bird behavior: an integrated system using wildlife acoustics recorders

Birds are frequently vocal. Monitoring their songs and calls has provided much useful information about their ecology and behavior. Recording bird songs and locations can be resource intensive, frequently requiring two or more observers, causing considerable disturbance and possible only for short times. Passive arrays of acoustic sensors offer the possibility of greatly increasing our ability to monitor bird activity. The desirability of such arrays is obvious: they are less intrusive, can monitor continuously over long periods, permit collaboration which enables better localization, provide fault tolerance, and facilitate sharing to optimize scarce resources. That the interest has been increasing so much lately is in large part, because we are now at the point, where the promise of such arrays is realizable with current or reasonably anticipated technologies. Controlling collaborative arrays can be difficult. Engineered solutions are sometimes available, but they are often brittle and appropriate only for ideal environments. We would like our systems to be: robust, in that they can handle changing environments or agents and are untroubled by occasionally wrong or noisy messages; adaptive in that they can learn to deal with unanticipated source or events, form new concepts, and communicate in languages that are specialized for particular agents; and finally, they should be self-configuring, to deal with changing situations and goals. After reviewing research employing sensor arrays by others to monitor bird behavior, we will describe research in our laboratory. Our focus will be on the construction of such systems, especially how such arrays can extract information from the environment and communicate to arrive at a collective understanding of their region and events occurring there.

Hydrogen–air energy storage gas-turbine system

A hydrogen–air energy storage gas-turbine unit is considered that can be used in both nuclear and centralized power industries. However, it is the most promising when used for power-generating plants based on renewable energy sources (RES). The basic feature of the energy storage system in question is combination of storing the energy in compressed air and hydrogen and oxygen produced by the water electrolysis. Such a process makes the energy storage more flexible, in particular, when applied to RES-based power-generating plants whose generation of power may considerably vary during the course of a day, and also reduces the specific cost of the system by decreasing the required volume of the reservoir. This will allow construction of such systems in any areas independent of the local topography in contrast to the compressed-air energy storage gas-turbine plants, which require large-sized underground reservoirs. It should be noted that, during the energy recovery, the air that arrives from the reservoir is heated by combustion of hydrogen in oxygen, which results in the gas-turbine exhaust gases practically free of substances hazardous to the health and the environment. The results of analysis of a hydrogen–air energy storage gas-turbine system are presented. Its layout and the principle of its operation are described and the basic parameters are computed. The units of the system are analyzed and their costs are assessed; the recovery factor is estimated at more than 60%. According to the obtained results, almost all main components of the hydrogen–air energy storage gas-turbine system are well known at present; therefore, no considerable RD a difficulty in manufacturing it is the necessity of ensuring the combustion of hydrogen in oxygen as complete as possible and preventing formation of nitric oxides.

Taking the Human Out of the Loop: A Review of Bayesian Optimization

Big Data applications are typically associated with systems involving large numbers of users, massive complex software systems, and large-scale heterogeneous computing and storage architectures. The construction of such systems involves many distributed design choices. The end products (e.g., recommendation systems, medical analysis tools, real-time game engines, speech recognizers) thus involve many tunable configuration parameters. These parameters are often specified and hard-coded into the software by various developers or teams. If optimized jointly, these parameters can result in significant improvements. Bayesian optimization is a powerful tool for the joint optimization of design choices that is gaining great popularity in recent years. It promises greater automation so as to increase both product quality and human productivity. This review paper introduces Bayesian optimization, highlights some of its methodological aspects, and showcases a wide range of applications.

Design and Control Algorithms for Power Electronic Converters for EV Applications

The power electronic components within Electric Vehicles (EV) need to operate in several important modes. Some modes directly influence safety, while others influence vehicle performance. Given the variety of functions and operational modes required of the power electronics, it needs to meet efficiency requirements to minimize power losses. Another challenge in the control and construction of such systems is the ability to support bidirectional power flow. This paper considers the construction, operation, and feasibility of available converters for electric vehicles with feasible configurations of electrical buses and loads. This paper describes logic and control signals for the converters for different operations conditions based on the efficiency and energy usage bases.

ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation Cascade Sequence for Polyheterocycle Formation.

Polyheterocycles are found in many natural products and are useful moieties in functional materials and drug design. As part of a program towards the synthesis of Stemona alkaloids, a novel palladium(II)-catalyzed CH activation strategy for the construction of such systems has been developed. Starting from simple 1,3-dienyl-substituted heterocycles, a large range of polycyclic systems containing pyrrole, indole, furan and thiophene moieties can be synthesized in a single step.

SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY

This article analyzes the current state and prospects of development of control systems with structural diversity. The construction of such systems is based on the synthesis of the joint control object and control subsystem. In this case, the control object is an object with a purposefully changing structure. The need to develop new approaches, methods and algorithms for control objects with structural diversity has been showed. The generalized scheme of control system with purposefully variable structure was presented and three types of implementation of the scheme have been identified. Two problems that arise in the development of small analog control objects, which can then be used as physical models of control systems, have been formulated. They are, firstly, ensuring similarity of control system of physical model and full-scale (industrial) control system, and, secondly, the development of the governance structure of the physical model proposed by the academician Krasovskii A.A. The control circuit of control systems similarity has been considered and a variant of control system with the physical model has been offered. The general structure of an identifier in the form of a closed dynamical system has been given.

Development of control systems with structural diversity

Control systems with structural diversity are reviewed, along with their prospects for further development. The construction of such systems is based on combined synthesis of the object of control and the control subsystem. The object of control is represented as an object with purposefully changing structure. The need for new control algorithms and approaches for objects with structural diversity is shown. A generalized control system with purposefully changing structure is presented; three approaches to the implementation of this system are discussed. Two problems arising in the creation of small analogs of the objects of control that may be used as physical models in control systems are formulated: (1) ensuring similarity of the control system for the physical model and the industrial control system; (2) developing a control structure with the physical model proposed by Krasovskii. Control of the similarity of the control systems is considered. A control system with a physical model is proposed. The general structure of an identifier in the form of a closed dynamic system is presented.

A Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed CH Activation Cascade Sequence for Polyheterocycle Formation

AbstractPolyheterocycles are found in many natural products and are useful moieties in functional materials and drug design. As part of a program towards the synthesis of Stemona alkaloids, a novel palladium(II)‐catalyzed CH activation strategy for the construction of such systems has been developed. Starting from simple 1,3‐dienyl‐substituted heterocycles, a large range of polycyclic systems containing pyrrole, indole, furan and thiophene moieties can be synthesized in a single step.

A Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed CH Activation Cascade Sequence for Polyheterocycle Formation

Polyheterocycles are found in many natural products and are useful moieties in functional materials and drug design. As part of a program towards the synthesis of Stemona alkaloids, a novel palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation strategy for the construction of such systems has been developed. Starting from simple 1,3-dienyl-substituted heterocycles, a large range of polycyclic systems containing pyrrole, indole, furan and thiophene moieties can be synthesized in a single step.

DNA nanostructures interacting with lipid bilayer membranes.

CONSPECTUS: DNA has been previously shown to be useful as a material for the fabrication of static nanoscale objects, and also for the realization of dynamic molecular devices and machines. In many cases, nucleic acid assemblies directly mimic biological structures, for example, cytoskeletal filaments, enzyme scaffolds, or molecular motors, and many of the applications envisioned for such structures involve the study or imitation of biological processes, and even the interaction with living cells and organisms. An essential feature of biological systems is their elaborate structural organization and compartmentalization, and this most often involves membranous structures that are formed by dynamic assemblies of lipid molecules. Imitation of or interaction with biological systems using the tools of DNA nanotechnology thus ultimately and necessarily also involves interactions with lipid membrane structures, and thus the creation of DNA-lipid hybrid assemblies. Due to their differing chemical nature, however, highly charged nucleic acids and amphiphilic lipids do not seem the best match for the construction of such systems, and in fact they are rarely found in nature. In recent years, however, a large variety of lipid-interacting DNA conjugates were developed, which are now increasingly being applied also for the realization of DNA nanostructures interacting with lipid bilayer membranes. In this Account, we will present the current state of this emerging class of nanosystems. After a brief overview of the basic biophysical and biochemical properties of lipids and lipid bilayer membranes, we will discuss how DNA molecules can interact with lipid membranes through electrostatic interactions or via covalent modification with hydrophobic moieties. We will then show how such DNA-lipid interactions have been utilized for the realization of DNA nanostructures attached to or embedded within lipid bilayer membranes. Under certain conditions, DNA nanostructures remain mobile on membranes and can dynamically associate into higher order complexes. Hydrophobic modification of DNA nanostructures can further result in intra- or intermolecular aggregation, which can also be utilized as a structural switching mechanism. Appropriate design and chemical modification even allows insertion of DNA nanostructures into lipid bilayer membranes, resulting in artificial ion channel mimics made from DNA. Interactions of DNA nanodevices with living cells also involve interactions with membrane structures. DNA-based nanostructures can be directed to cell surfaces via antibody-antigen interactions, and their cellular uptake can be stimulated by modification with appropriate receptor ligands. In the future, membrane-embedded DNA nanostructures are expected to find application in diverse areas ranging from basic biological research over nanotechnology to synthetic biology.

Electromagnetic Analog of 3D Autonomous ODEs with Quadratic Nonlinearities

It is shown that the general class of three-dimensional first-order ordinary differential equations with quadratic nonlinearities can be physically interpreted as the dynamics of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field, with a constant gradient B-field. The general class of equations is derived within the Lagrangian formalism of classical mechanics. As an application of this interpretation a new way of experimentally realizing the Lorenz chaotic attractors is proposed. The actual construction of such systems could be facilitated by existing magnetic resonance imaging technology, which already makes use of constant gradient fields, and may find applications in areas such as nuclear medicine and magnetic confinement fusion devices.