Construction Of School Buildings Research Articles

Schools history representation through the preservation of educational everyday life artifacts through the process of renovation and construction of school buildings

Introduction. The relevance of the problem of studying and preserving artifacts of educational everyday life of school buildings is due to large-scale renovation and construction of educational infrastructure in Russia. Frequently, during renovation, along with the old walls, historical artifacts of everyday educational life irrevocably go into the past, and the history of the school itself disappears with its established traditions, events and ways of life. In this regard, it is very important to preserve and integrate historical artifacts of everyday school life into new school interiors, which makes it possible to create a comfortable and emotionally safe educational environment for students without losing the historical school identity. The purpose of the research is to identify approaches to representing the history of a school through the preservation of artifacts of educational everyday life in the process of renovation and construction of new school buildings. Materials and methods. Systemic and environmental approaches were used to determine the significance of the problem of preserving and representing artifacts of educational everyday life in the process of renovation of outdated funds and new construction of school buildings to maintain the emotional connection of modern students with the historical heritage of the school, its traditions, way of life, and identity. The research methods determined: analysis of theoretical sources and existing practices of working with artifacts during major repairs and construction of schools, in-depth interviews with representatives of the administration of educational organizations, photographic fixation of artifacts available in educational organizations, expert discussions at round tables and seminars at events of various levels. Results. Based on the data obtained as a result of the conducted research, five approaches to the preservation and representation of their history by educational organizations have been identified, namely: the building is considered as an artifact of a certain historical period, there is a partial preservation of interior artifacts of the past, new artifacts are being developed, a museum of artifacts of educational everyday life is being created, artifacts are used in the educational process. Conclusion. The implementation of the research results will allow us to develop new action algorithms in the renovation and design of schools, taking into account their cultural and historical heritage through the preservation of artifacts of educational everyday life and their careful inclusion in modern and updated interiors.

Sustainability-Based Value Engineering Management as an Integrated Approach to Construction Projects

The integration of sustainability standards and value engineering methods in public education projects is a significant concern, as it ensures the well-being and sustainability goals of students, lecturers, and employees. This study aims to enhance sustainability within public education campuses by utilizing value engineering processes that establish a balanced correlation between the available budget costs and the sustainability costs that affect educational objectives, strategies, and the overall sustainability of the environment. In order to evaluate the integration of value engineering and the sustainability rating system “LEED protocols” for schools, the study utilized HAP (Hourly Analysis Program) software to perform numerical analysis, with the objective of improving environmental efficiency and cost-effectiveness in school buildings from the perspective of both male and female students. By applying this approach to all engineering disciplines, systems, and materials involved in the project, the study achieved impressive results, including a reduction in energy usage by 53.67%, a cost reduction of 27.48% from the total project budget, and 13 points earned in credit C1 and credit C2 in the Energy and Atmosphere EA category in LEED 2009. These findings are of great importance for the planning and execution of construction projects, specifically in the context of educational infrastructure, and provide valuable insights into the construction and renovation of school buildings, which can be used to enhance the safety, functionality, and aesthetic appeal of these facilities.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Kinerja Sistem Keselamatan Kerja Konstruksi Proyek Bangunan Gedung Dinas Pendidikan Kota Sungai Penuh

The Indonesian government through the minister of Public Works and Public Housing has recently issued regulation Number 10 of 2021 concerning guidelines for construction safety management systems. The SMK3 Occupational Health and Safety Management System is part of the company's overall management system in order to control risks related to work activities in order to create a safe, efficient and productive workplace. The Construction Safety Management System is required to be implemented during construction because it is also part of the planning and control of the BPSDM PUPR project, 2021. In fact, in Sungai Full city in 2019-2021 experienced labor accidents, one of the projects was a school construction project at the Sungai Full City Education Office which could not be separated from the risk factors for accidents to its workers. Based on secondary data related to work accident information at the Sungai Full City education office School Building Construction Project, information was obtained that there had been 68 accident cases during 2019 – 2021. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant factors and factors in the Implementation of Improving Performance Aspects of the Work Safety Management System of the Education Building Project in Sungai Full City, as well as providing solutions to improve the Performance of the Work Safety Management System. This study used quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results of the research conducted there are 6 factors in the Work Safety Management System (SMKK) implemented in the implementation of the Education Building Project in Sungai Full City, consisting of Commitment factors, Project Managerial factors, K3 Regulations and Procedures factors, Worker Communication factors, Worker Competence factors, Work Environment factors, and Worker Involvement factors in K3.

Evaluation of Risk Management Identification Strategy in Construction of Schools’ Buildings in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State

The study evaluated risk management identification strategy in the construction of schools’ buildings in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State. One research question guided the study while two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey design. The population of the study consisted of 205 registered builders and contractors (135 builders and 70 building contractors) in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State. No sampling was carried out since the population is small; hence the entire population was used for the study. A structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire titled: Evaluation of Risk Management Identification Strategy in Construction of School Buildings (ERMISSB) was used for the study. Three experts from the Department of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State validated the instrument. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha reliability method and a reliability coefficient of 0.77 was obtained. The data collected from the administered questionnaire were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research question and t-test for analysis of the hypotheses respectively. The findings of the study show that risk management identification was carried out to high extent. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean responses of builders and contractors on the extent at which that risk management identification was carried out in schools’ buildings in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State based on years of experience. The study recommended among others that construction companies should appreciate and value the importance of risk management identification strategy before and during building construction and renovations, government at all levels, especially ministry and office of directors of works should ensure that contractors provide with detailed risk management identification documents before they embark on any building project.

Failure of Gedikbulak K-12 School Building on October 23, 2011, in Van, Turkey Earthquake

A major earthquake with a magnitude Mw = 7.2 (ML = 6.7) occurred in the Eastern part of Turkey on October 23, 2011. The ground motion had a measured peak ground acceleration of 0.18×g. The earthquake damaged masonry and reinforced concrete structures ranging from minor cracking to total collapse. A 4-story reinforced concrete school building in Gedikbulak Village experienced total failure during this earthquake. This school building was a typical project (No: 10370) prepared by the Ministry of Education of Turkey and this typical project was widely being used for the construction of school buildings in various locations throughout Turkey. This paper explains the site observations of the Atılım University Reconnaissance Team carried out at the collapse site of the school building a few days after the main shock and detailed analysis with an emphasis on the reason for the failure of the school building. The analysis results indicated that the collapse happened due to the separation of the bottom of shear walls (in both x- and y-directions) from the foundation due to inadequate development and lap splice length of the plain reinforcing bars. Comments were made for existing school buildings to prevent any collapses in future earthquakes.

Environmental impact analysis on school building construction in Sawangan 1 State Elementary School, Depok City

One of the goals of development is to improve the welfare of the community by building various supporting facilities and assets in people's lives. Depok City plans to build the Sawangan 1 State Elementary School. Environmental impact analysis studies are needed to predict the environmental impacts that will occur. This research aims to analysis the environmental baseline quality and predict the impacts that will occur as well as how to minimize impacts at the pre-construction stage, construction stage and operation stage. This research using observation method, interview method, and scoping. The results of this study are the initial environmental baseline at the research site indicates that the environmental quality at the research site is in good category, both in terms of ambient air quality, air quality and air quality, in order to create an environmental concept development environment. The predicted impacts that arise in the reconstruction activities of the Sawangan 1 State Elementary School, Depok City are at the pre-construction stage the impact is in the form of public perception, at the construction stage in the form of a decrease in air quality, an increase in increase, an increase in surface runoff, job opportunities and business opportunities, public health problems, domestic waste generation as well as the emergence of positive and negative public perceptions of construction activities, while at the operational stage the predicted impacts will be a decrease in air quality, increased opportunities and job opportunities for the surrounding community, public health problems, changes in environmental sanitation, traffic disturbance traffic and the emergence of public perception. In general, to minimize the negative impacts that occur in any reconstruction activity of the Sawangan 1 Elementary School building, Depok City can be carried out by means of a social approach with the community, carrying out construction activities only during the day, prioritizing local communities as workers, during the construction phase until the construction phase. and as a provider of workers' needs, optimizing reforestation in the environment and greem opem spaces as well as good waste management and complete cleaning facilities so as not to interfere with public health and produce environmentally friendly development.

The Development of Primary School Architecture in Lithuania during the 1920s and 1930s: Historical Overview

Abstract The purpose of the article is to disclose the architectural development of primary school buildings in Lithuania during the 1920s and 1930s. Based on historical material the architecture of these buildings is analysed chronologically in several important aspects. First of all, the peculiarities of the construction of primary school buildings in the country are reviewed. Furthermore, the stylistic changes of such buildings and the factors that led to it are analysed. Lastly, attention is paid to the pursuit of functional convenience and its analysis, which also influenced the development of this type of building. This aims to reveal the essential aspects that determined the development of the architecture of primary school buildings in Lithuania at that time.

Aesthetic aspect of architectural space development for creative activity of children in a modern school

Purpose: The aim of this work is to determine the architectural space components for the creative activity of children in a modern school. Design/methodology: The description of modern design and construction of school buildings in Russia and abroad; identification of factors influencing the formation of the aesthetic aspect of the architectural space of a modern school; theoretical modeling of typological layout of individual structural elements of the architectural space for creative activities in a modern school; analysis of the functional zoning and compositional parameters of the architectural space to identify the architectural space qualitative parameters disclosing the creative potential of students. Research findings: Identification of the main algorithms of the architectural space design for the creative activity of students in a school with a specific atmosphere that has a beneficial effect on the perception of new knowledge and disclosure of the creative potential of students. Practical implications: The obtained results and proposed recommendations can be used in green architecture and development of regulatory documents on the school building design; the program preparation in project activities; in studying the individual structural components of the architectural environment within the artistic and aesthetic aspect. Originality/value: Architectural means determine the formation of the aesthetically oriented architectural environment for creative activities in modern schools and identify the qualitative parameters of the given space. The architectural environment of the creative activity represents a new type of individual structural elements of a modern school building focused on a disclosure and growth of creative potential of students with optimum opportunities.

Strategies used in Mobilizing Physical Resource in Kilolo District Public Secondary Schools, Tanzania

This study sought to establish strategies used in mobilizing physical resource through the mixed research approach under which convergent parallel design was used. The study was conducted across 26 public secondary schools in Kilolo District with 662 teachers, 26 heads of schools and one District Education Officer (DEO). Five heads of schools and the DEO were purposively selected to take part in the interview while 81 teachers were randomly selected to take part in the study through the questionnaire. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics with the help of the SPSS while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study established that the most used strategy in mobilizing resources was funds from income generation activities followed by involvement of the community in construction of school buildings, purchase of desks and repair of broken furniture. Since physical resources are one of most important tools for curriculum implementation, the study recommends that the use of different strategies to mobilize physical resources should be considered by schools under investigation.

“Can You Hear Me Now … ?” What the New Physical Education Acoustic Standard Means to You and Your Students

The purpose of this article is to introduce the new “Acoustic Standard for Physical Education Teaching Environments ANSI/ASA S12.60-2019/Part 4” and share the research evidence that formed the basis for developing this physical education-specific standard, provide an overview of how the standard was developed, and offer practical suggestions for physical educators in how this standard can be used at times when school districts are planning the construction of new school buildings.

Prefabricated Engineered Timber Schools in the United Kingdom: Challenges and Opportunities

Due to changing demographics, the UK faces a significant shortage of school places. The UK government aims to build large numbers of new schools to meet this demand. However, legally binding carbon emissions mitigation commitments might limit the ability of the government to adequately meet this demand on-time, on-budget, and within sustainability targets. This paper assesses the opportunity for prefabricated engineered timber construction methods to help meet the demand for new primary and secondary school buildings in the UK within these constraints. Building on a study of past government-led school building programmes and the state-of-the-art developments in engineered timber construction, this paper outlines the benefits that an engineered timber school building programme could have on a sustainability and procurement level. A strategy is then proposed for the wider adoption of engineered timber for the construction of school buildings in the UK, including detailed guidelines for designers and policymakers. The study concludes with recommendations for the adaptation of this strategy in different countries, depending on context-specific requirements, therefore promoting a generalised adoption of sustainable and efficient construction processes.

Faktor-Faktor Risiko Terhadap Keterlambatan Proyek Konstruksi di Wilayah Denpasar, Bali

The construction projects are always faced with the possibility of risk problems. The rapid development in the Denpasar area is in line with the many construction projects, especially buildings such as hotel construction, construction of new school buildings, etc. For construction projects in Denpasar, risk control is necessary. In this regard, it is necessary to research the Analysis of Risk Factors. This study aimed to determine the dominant risk factors causing construction project delays, mitigation and risk ownership of the dominant risk factors. This research used the quantitative descriptive analysis method. The measuring instrument of this study used a questionnaire and interviews with contractor respondents. Based on the results, the dominant risk analysis was labor risk with an average frequency value of 13.70 and 17.13 consequences. The dominant question from the labor risk variable was the low productivity of the workforce due to lack of experience with a frequency percentage of 46.67% who answered rarely and 53.33% who often answered. In comparison, the percentage of consequences was 70.00% answered big and 30.00% answered very largely. Risk response that can be done is to recruit new workers and place them according to their skills. The study's ownership of risk was the contractor due to the contractor's error in employing workers in the field.

Architectural characteristics and determination of load-bearing capacity as a key indicator for a strengthening of the primary school buildings: Case study Osijek

Safety is one of the most important characteristics of a school building. The major role of school space in the children’s growth encouraged architects, engineers, and scientists to analyze existing school buildings construction systems and possibilities for their strengthening. The estimation of earthquake structural damage is a very useful tool in reducing the impact of earthquake effects on material and social elements. This is extremely important for schools so that those with insufficient seismic resistance can be strengthened and thus prevent collapse in the event of a sudden earthquake. In this paper, the architectural and structural characteristics of the existing primary school buildings in Osijek (Croatia) will be analyzed in order to perform an estimation of earthquake structural damage on the example of a selected school building reinforced concrete (RC) frame. A detailed description of primary school buildings development shows that RC frame was the most common type of school building construction system in the city of Osijek. The review and analysis of each building can become a study or manual for a quality renovation. The approach to their renovation, extension, and reconstruction must be well studied, scientifically based, and have clear goals that will satisfy all users of the school building.

Hygienic requirements for school buildings’ modern architectural and planning solutions

Introduction. In the last decade, it has become evident that the school is not ready to provide the material and technical capabilities for the modern educational process. The school design strategy is changing, but these innovations are hardly reflected in the research of hygienists. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the hygienic requirements for modern architectural and planning solutions of school buildings. Materials and methods. Expert-analytical research was carried out. The object of the study: documents regulating the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population, the development of school education infrastructure, documents and publications that reveal the prospects for designing schools. Results. Most functioning school buildings do not meet the requirements for modern school infrastructure. Fewer and fewer students report that they “really like school”, which negatively affects their academic performance and psychological wellbeing. The need for fundamental changes in the construction of school buildings is recorded in the National Educational Initiative “Our New School” (2010). The design decisions of school buildings should take into account the experience of quarantine measures that had to be faced in the context of the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Hygienic requirements for modern architectural and planning solutions for school buildings are: taking into account climatic and geographical conditions; ensuring the psychological wellbeing of children, primarily due to the optimal number of classes and placement of educational premises for different age groups on separate floors, in blocks, buildings; convenient functional connections with the site; the possibility of transforming beliefs, protection from the effects of physical factors and the penetration of pollution from the environment, safe use of digital learning tools, optimal lighting and air-heat regime; sufficient area of educational premises for one student; optimal conditions for physical activity and physical education, regular healthy nutrition, meeting the needs of students in primary health care. Conclusion. Hygienic requirements for the spatial characteristics of school buildings should take into account the new risks to children’s health.

Safety Practices in School Building Construction (A Case Study of School Construction Projects under NGO and Contractor)

Construction safety is a challenging issue in construction industry all around the globe. It is even more of a challenge in a developing country like Nepal, where construction industry is booming so much that the safety aspect is in the shadow. Also, the variety in construction, such as construction of schools, tunnels, high-rise buildings, roads, bridges, etc. add to the complexity of construction industry. Moreover, the construction of schools, through NGOs or contractors or SMCs, further have different working environment and hence there is a challenge of maintaining safety as different approaches have different safety problems. In this work we studied about the safety issues in an NGO (Relief Nepal) led and a Nepalese contractor (Gaura Construction Pvt. Ltd.) led school construction sites, finding out the reasons for safety practices being poor or well and also to assess the ways to improve safety practices. For the study purpose, a field observation was carried out at five school construction sites led by the NGO and other five school construction sites led by the contractor. Data about the use of PPE as safety practice was collected using a checklist survey and the analysis showed that the practice was better in the NGO sites. Further, a questionnaire survey was carried out to identify the reason for better safety practices in the NGO’s construction sites. It was seen that the NGO led sites followed planning part, training & awareness part, first aid & health part, material handling & site management part, implementation part, and labor welfare & motivation part better than those in the contractor led sites. Questionnaire survey was then carried out in those ten sites to explore the ways that could improve the safety practices at a construction site. Safety brief before start of work each day on work site, regular training & awareness related to health & safety to workers and compulsory use of PPE on construction site were identified as best three ways. Finally, a safety-training program was conducted in one of the contractor led sites and the safety practice checklist was carried out again to observe the effects of training. The safety practice in the site was found to be better than previous observation and the difference was significant.

Local Government Unit’s Support to Educational Programs as Viewed by the Citizens: The Case of Lezo, Aklan

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance in the delivery of support to education programs of the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Lezo, Aklan. The samples were determined adopting the Multi-Stage Random Probability Sampling technique. The targeted 150 respondents were proportionately allocated in each barangay based on the 2015 Census Population and Housing Data from the Philippine Statistical Authority. The qualified sample respondents were selected using the Kish Grid. Female respondents were targeted for even numbered questionnaires while male respondents were targeted for odd numbers. The four major core concepts namely awareness, availment, satisfaction and need for action were used in measuring the rating of the respondents and presented in frequency and percentage distributions. The reasons for their response were likewise gathered. The study concluded that most of the respondents were not aware of scholarships and other assistance programs for students and alternative learning system and other special education programs. Low adjectival rating of citizens availment on educational programs was noted from the survey. This implies that there is a need for considerable improvement and significant interventions for the citizens to be knowledgeable and be able to avail those educational services offered in the Municipality of Lezo. In general, respondents were satisfied on educational programs. In spite of this positive feedback, additional efforts toward improvement are still essential. It is recommended that the LGU must provide budget for the construction of school buildings, libraries, and other facilities and acquisition of needed reference materials in order to provide its citizens with conducive environment for learning.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF FOLK SCHOOLS IN POLAND BETWEEN XIX –XX CENTURIES

The article analyzes the historical and cultural heritage of Polish rural public school architecture at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. The evolution of the architecture of educational spaces in Poland, which took place under the influence of a combination of cultural and national traditions and a complex set of socio-political, socio-economic, internal and external factors, was considered. General concepts of styles of school facades, planning features of small schools, performed a spatial analysis of school spaces and identified its planning features.
 The architecture of Polish public schools in the second half of the 1920’s was largely influenced by the requirements of the new school reform accepted after the First World War. Elements that fit the postulates of school reform began to be used, but above all, it reflected conservative building traditions. Architects, in the spirit of the era, in the construction of school buildings referred to the ideas of modernism. The size and shape of windows has increased, corridors have expanded, toilets in schools have been designed, and even fountains for drinking water in school corridors. The size and number of classrooms and furnishings have also changed. As a result, it has formed a more comfortable and fully adapted modern school premises.
 The schools were built mainly on the initiative and funds of local communities and philanthropists. Most of the schools built during that period are still operational. The projects of these schools have developed interiors and provided typical layout of the school grounds, used advanced engineering, design and hygiene solutions that suited the spirit of the era and fully met the needs of teachers and students. That is why till now the Polish public schools are of great importance for the history of the Polish people and world architecture history.

Образовательная деятельность Алтайской духовной миссии в Горном Алтае и Горной Шории во второй половине XIX – начале XX в.

The missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church was of great importance for the socio-cultural development of the outskirts of the Russian Empire. The purpose of the work is to consider the educational and educational activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in Siberia on the example of the Altai Ecclesiastical Mission, which operated on the territory of modern Mounting Altai and Mounting Shoria. The article discusses the process of creating mission schools, the specifics of their activities. The basis of the mission's educational activities was the understanding that schools are the most effective way to spread Christian teaching and education. Because of this, large financial resources were allocated for the development of schools. It was common practice to attract merchants to finance the construction and equipment of school buildings. The opening of schools and the education of aboriginal children in them sometimes met with resistance from the local population. Altai missionaries contributed to the formation of the national culture of the inhabitants of Altai and Mounting Shoria. The activities of the Altai Ecclesiastical Mission influenced the formation of the Altai intelligentsia. The first representatives of the national intelligentsia of the Altai Mountains (teachers, writers, artists, doctors) were almost all either students of mission schools, children of foreign missionaries, or employees of the mission. The missionary and educational activities of the Altai Ecclesiastical Mission consistently achieved its main goal – the rebirth of the pagan way of thinking of foreigners, the formation as individuals of entire generations in the bosom of the Orthodox Church. The educational nature of the activities of the Altai Spiritual Mission contributed to the birth of a new culture: the spread of sedentary life, literacy of the local population.

El nacimiento de la arquitectura escolar española (1869-1886)

In the middle of the 19th century scarcely a single town in Spain had its own school building, and most of the existing ones lacked the minimum conditions necessary for teaching. During the Sexenio Democrático (1868-1874), the progressive liberalist wing promoted the construction of schoolbuildings, launching a call for models of primary state schools in 1869. The significance of this call was such that it could be considered as the early dawn of Spanish school architecture, even if the ensuing process and results are debatable. The construction of the Escuela Modelo in Madrid, the Escuelas Aguirre in Cuenca and Madrid, and the Jardines de la Infancia – the first Froebelian institution in Spain, also located in the capital – can be considered to have derived from this contest from 1869.

Risk identification of Design And Build at school building construction project in central Jakarta

Based on the school data from the basic data of primary and secondary education, the Ministry of Education and Culture semester 2019/2020, in the city of Central Jakarta there are 512 school buildings consisting of 245 state schools buildings and 267 private school buildings, which with details as many as 68 Elementary School Building, 24 Junior High School buildings, 11 Senior High School Buildings, 13 Vocational School Buildings and 7 Special School Buildings. Design and build is one of the procurement of construction services work. The concept of design and build has existed from many years ago. At this time it grew and increased its use. Government-owned school building projects now implement design and build systems in the process of implementing their work. This research have a purpose to identify design and build risks on the construction of school buildings in South Jakarta. This research is also aimed at knowing the potential risk or the most dominant of design and build on the construction project of building buildings in central Jakarta. The risk factors gained are used as data to make repairs or precautions in the implementation of construction activities. The method used in this research is a survey method through distributing questionnaires to respondents, namely contractors. Then the result data from the propagation of the questionnaire is processed by using SPSS software to analyze the primary data received. This research Instrument uses 49 risk variables.