Route Construction Research Articles

Involving Infrastructure as a Latent Variable in Active Transportation Mode Choice: The Case Study of Baghdad City

Infrastructural developments have been implemented with the objective of promoting active transportation as a sustainable transportation mode, including the construction of cycling and walking routes and the improvement of existing infrastructure. The impact of this factor on ridership has been a subject of research, and the incorporation of this variable into mode choice models has also been contemplated. Nevertheless, road users’ perception regarding the utilization of these infrastructures has yet to be investigated. Accordingly, this research aims to examine the role of infrastructure provision for walking and cycling as a Latent Variable (LV) in the transport mode choice of high school students in Baghdad City, where this subject has not been previously addressed. A self-designed questionnaire was employed to collect the requisite data. The Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) models have been designed and the results demonstrate that the time and cost of trips have a significant impact on the choice of transportation mode. Furthermore, the provision of walking and cycling infrastructure has a notable effect on the choice of walking and cycling for transport. The sub-models indicate that the provision of cycling fences and pedestrian bridges are the most significant variables. Consequently, it is recommended that these results be considered in the provision and improvement of cycling and walking infrastructures to promote active transportation.

Application Of Remote Sensing Technology And Geographic Information Systems For Tsunami Vulnerability Analysis In Mamuju District

This research aims to analyze the vulnerability to tsunami disasters in Mamuju District, West Sulawesi, using remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Mamuju District is at high risk of tsunamis due to its coastal location and its position between active tectonic plates. The analysis utilizes five main parameters: elevation, slope gradient, distance from rivers, distance from the coastline, and land cover. The GIS overlay analysis method is applied to map tsunami hazard zones, combining weighting and scoring for each parameter. The results indicate that 3% of the area has very high vulnerability, 7% of the area has high vulnerability, while 82% of the area has low to very low vulnerability. Areas with very high vulnerability include the coastal zone directly adjacent to the shoreline and residential areas. This study is expected to serve as a reference for local governments and disaster management agencies in efforts to mitigate and plan safer spatial arrangements against tsunami threats. Mitigation strategy recommendations include the construction of evacuation routes, safe shelters, and the regular enhancement of disaster education and simulations for the community. Furthermore, this research encourages the use of mountainous areas as primary evacuation zones and collaboration with research institutions for the development of more innovative mitigation technologies.

Numerical analysis of the displacement of retaining wall in the Carpathian flysch region

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the displacement of the substructure for the construction of the S1 route bypassing Węgierska Górka. The numerical analysis includes displacement calculations taking into account the ground anchor stiffness obtained in acceptance tests. The results of the analysis were compared with monitoring measurements. A sensitivity analysis was carried out in relation to the soil parameters used and the achieved ground anchor stiffnesses

In-situ scattering and calorimetric studies of crystallization pathway and kinetics in a Cu-Zr-Al bulk metallic glass

The crystallization route and kinetics of a Cu-Zr-Al bulk metallic glass (BMG), based on Cu50Zr50, were investigated using in-situ synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The acquisition of kinetic diagrams of SAXS/WAXS enables the direct construction of the overall phase transformation route from room temperature to the onset temperature of solid state phase transformation upon heating. It is revealed that the studied alloy undergoes multiple steps (at least five steps) before reaching the high-temperature thermodynamic equilibrium. This is distinct from the commonly believed simple path of glass → Cu10Zr7 + CuZr2 → B2-CuZr predicted by the Cu-Zr equilibrium phase diagram. In addition to thermodynamics, we emphasize that kinetic factors play a prominent role in the phase transformation process of Cu-Zr-Al BMGs. Furthermore, isothermal crystallization kinetics analyses conducted by in-situ HEXRD and DSC indicate that the formation of the initial crystalline phase, specifically the Cu10Zr7, follows an interface-controlled quasi-polymorphic process with an increasing nucleation rate. The findings of this study may provide novel insights into the crystallization mechanism of glass-forming supercooled liquids from a thermophysical perspective.

Cycle highway effects: Assessing modal choice to cycling in the Netherlands

Cycle highways are regarded as a promising new type of infrastructure because they promote longer-distance cycling between (sub)urban residential areas and work and study centers. This study examines whether the emerging network of regional cycle highways in the Netherlands has contributed to a modal shift from car to bicycle. More specifically, we investigate the effect of these routes on commuting bicycle mode choice. Our main data sources are a national travel survey covering commuting journeys that were made between 2010 and 2021 and a comprehensive dataset we have compiled to document the exact timing and status of all cycle highways in the Netherlands. We employ a difference-in-differences approach with a binary logit model, comparing bicycle mode choice versus the car for trips that benefited from a new cycle highway, before and after the introduction of the new infrastructure, with a control group of trips that were not affected by the construction of a new route. We present results from a novel routing-based approach to measuring exposure to this new cycling facility, which allows us to establish the extent to which the fastest route to work traverses a newly constructed cycle highway. After controlling for relevant covariates, our main results indicate that the introduction of cycle highways has contributed to a shift in commuting behavior toward cycling, with an increase of approximately 10 % in cycling probability post-intervention for trips highly exposed to cycle highways. The results also indicate some heterogeneity in the effects of cycle highways across different groups of individuals. The findings of this study are especially important in the context of the Netherlands (or similar biking countries, such as Denmark). Although these countries have well-established cycling infrastructure, they can still derive benefits from new cycling routes and can support decision-makers in other countries who want to invest in cycling in the near future.

Environmental Perception about Pedestrian Environment on Cultural Visitation Roads

Cultural visitation routes represent an important opportunity for the public display of the famous historical and cultural city of Beijing, and its pedestrian environment, as a linear spatial carrier linking various historical and cultural attractions, is of great significance for the preservation of the famous historical and cultural city of Beijing through analysis of its spatial quality. At present, Beijing’s cultural visitation routes are in the stage of exploration and improvement, and scholars mainly focus on the selection, integration, and construction of cultural visitation routes in their research on cultural visitation routes, while the amount of research on the quality of the pedestrian environment for visitors is relatively small; in particular, the evaluation methods and indicator systems are still in the exploration stage. In this study, from the perspective of environmental behaviour theory, we took the Forbidden City–The Red House of Peking University–Wangfujing cultural visitation route as the research object and constructed a structural equation model to determine the perception of the pedestrian environment quality of the cultural visitation route in Beijing, starting from the visitors’ feelings of the pedestrian environment of the cultural visiting route. This study found that there is a positive correlation between the quality of spatial behaviours, the quality of the pedestrian environment, and the quality of the facilities on the emotional response of the visitors, with the quality of the facilities having the greatest impact on the emotional response of the visitors; among the observational variables, cultural and scientific facilities, spatial landscapes, street furniture, and safety play a more obvious role, and they are the main factors affecting the emotional response of the visitors. Based on the results of this study, an optimisation strategy for enhancing the pedestrian environments of Beijing’s cultural visitation routes is proposed to provide a reference for their design and optimisation.

Efficient Route Planning for Flour Distribution: A Heuristic Approach

This company operates in the Food and Beverage sector, selling Martabak, an Indonesian snack. The company needs to deliver flour to 25 branches spread across Bandung, Indonesia, every day, with varying demand capacities at each branch. Each day, the total amount of flour to be delivered is 377 boxes. Currently, the company has 12 distribution routes with a total distance of 271,16 km, with each route covering only two stores. However, these routes are too many and vehicle capacities need to be optimized, resulting in a high total travelled distance. The aim of this research is to optimize the delivery routes to reduce the total travelled distance and number of routes. To address this issue, known as the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), heuristic methods were employed, specifically the nearest neighbour method for initial route construction and Intra-Route (1-0) Insertion for improvement. Implementing these heuristic methods resulted in a final total of 6 distribution routes with a total distance of 160,90 km. This method successfully reduced the total travelled distance by 110,26 km and reduced the number of routes by 6. In conclusion, the application of heuristic methods in solving the VRP for this company proved to be effective in reducing both the total travelled distance and the number of routes, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency of the delivery process.

Обучение математике в цифровой образовательной среде

Currently, ICT technologies are widely used in the learning process. In practice, it turned out that it is not so easy to introduce these innovations into the educational process. This article provides an analysis of the use of modern technologies in mathematics lessons. The main areas of application of ICT technologies in education are the construction of individual learning routes, automation of control, the construction of various graphs and three-dimensional geometric shapes. Based on the above, the question arises about the possibility of improving the effectiveness and accessibility of education. Is it possible to increase students' interest in the subject, as well as the quality of education, with the help of a digital educational environment?

Hybrid Boosted Chameleon and modified Honey Badger optimization algorithm-based energy efficient cluster routing protocol for cognitive radio sensor network

Single clustering protocols cannot meet the event-driven and time-triggered traffic requirements of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). The long wait between the completion of events and the process of clustering and searching for accessible routes results in increased time for information transmission. This paper proposed a Hybrid Boosted Chameleon and Modified Honey Badge optimization Algorithm-based Energy Efficient cluster routing protocol (HBCMHBOA) for handling the issues of traffic driven information transfer with energy efficiency in the CRSNs. This HBCMHBOA is proposed as one among few event-driven and time-triggered clustering protocol for the requirements of CRSNs. The integration of Boosted Chameleon and Modified Honey Badge optimization Algorithm is adopted for determining optimal number of clusters and constructs the structure of primitive clusters in an automated way to serve the time-triggered traffic in a periodic manner. It adopted priority-based schedule and its associated frame structure for guaranteeing reliable event-driven information delivery. It leveraged the merits of time-triggering for the construction of clustering architecture and confirmed than none of the cluster construction and selection of routes are facilitated after the emergent events. This characteristic helps in permitting only the nodes and their associated Cluster Heads (CHs) of CRSNs to discover emergent events. It facilitates the coverage of a fewer nodes, especially when sink is positioned in a corner to minimize the delay and node energy consumption. The simulation results of the proposed HBCMHBOA confirmed a reduction in total energy consumption and number of covered nodes on an average of 34.12 %, and 26.89 % than the prevailing studies.

Održivost u gradnji cesta – Dvije studije slučaja

Sustainability in the field of traffic route construction should be considered against the background of intelligent resource conservation. A holistic assessment of sustainability, including life cycle considerations and assessments, is essential. In the first case study, the pavement structure at the heavily loaded Daimler intersection was constructed using concrete in the direct intersection area and using both concrete and asphalt in the connecting areas of all four axes. A 31 cm thick unbound frost protection layer with a grain size of 0/45 mm was placed over the existing road surface. This was followed by an 8 cm thick asphalt base course (AC 32), applied using an asphalt paver. Finally, a 26 cm thick concrete layer was placed over the asphalt base course. In the second case study, a horizontal hybrid construction method is presented using the German motorway BAB A61 in the Koblenz area as an example. Horizontal hybrid construction combines the advantages of asphalt and concrete to create a durable and resistant pavement surface capable of withstanding high traffic loads. This innovative construction method enables the optimum use of different materials and ensures efficient rehabilitation and improvement of motorway infrastructure.

Air cargo transportation, loading, and phase-based maintenance service scheduling in demand channel routes

The article proposes an approach for modeling and solving the air cargo transportation, loading, and phase-based maintenance scheduling problems within demand channels. Demand channel transportation presents unique challenges to meeting the earliest pickup and delivery requirements during emergencies. The complexities in transportation involve issues with airport-aircraft compatibility, fleet selection, task assignments, route construction, and effective loading–unloading procedures. The challenges include coping with flight connections due to airport-aircraft compatibility, dealing with limited refueling and maintenance facilities, and swiftly adapting to unforeseen maintenance events by identifying and utilizing available fleets. In this context, the article delineates a demand channel route planning strategy that considers airport-aircraft compatibility, task integrity, priority, partial refueling strategy, and maintenance schedules spanning short to long-haul phases. Formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, the solution employs a novel acyclic route construction procedure within a fuel-conscious network. We propose an insertion heuristic with multi-faceted algorithmic interconnections for producing a near-optimal solution suitable for real-world applications. Our insertion procedure has been shown to have very high computational performance, with an average 1.32 percent optimality gap. It can be scaled up to the most critical cargo mission, with up to 190 ports, 95 aircraft, and 380 tasks.

Tessellation-Based Construction of Air Route for Wireless Sensor Networks Employing UAV.

In this paper, we consider a wireless sensor network consisting of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) acting as a sink node and a number of sensor nodes scattered uncertainly on the ground. In the network, the UAV flies to a spatial point called point of interest and hovers to collect environmental data from neighboring sensor nodes. Then, the UAV proceeds to the next point of interest. The UAV must gather data from all the sensor nodes. On the other hand, a shorter round-trip air route of the UAV is more preferred since a battery-operated UAV needs regular recharging. To satisfy the requirement and to adhere to the recommendation as well, especially in the situation where only vague locational information about sensor nodes is available, we propose a scheme that follows three steps. First, it covers the sensor field of the wireless sensor network with three categories of hexagonal tessellations. Secondly, it establishes a point of interest at the centroid of each tile. Thirdly, it constructs an air route of the UAV, which visits every point of interest along a Hamiltonian cycle on the induced graph. Next, we develop a closed-form expression for the exact flight distance attained by the proposed scheme. For comparative evaluation, we discover some optimal schemes that minimize the flight distance by completely inspecting all patterns and corroborating the property of Hamiltonicity. The flight distance along the air route constructed by the proposed scheme is found to be only slightly longer than the flight distance yielded by an optimal scheme. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is proven to be practically valid when a common multicopter is employed as the sink node.

Research on the optimization of tourist attraction route planning through multiple big data

Tourism travel is a prevalent form of leisure and entertainment. This paper provides a brief overview of an attraction route planning algorithm based on multi-source data, which combines multi-source data to assess the effectiveness of the planned route and utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for path optimization. The genetic algorithm (GA) operations were incorporated with the PSO algorithm to enhance optimization performance. Subsequently, simulation experiments were conducted to compare the GA-PSO algorithm with using the PSO algorithm and GA. Moreover, a comparative analysis was performed on the performance of the path planning algorithm using single-source and multi-source data. The results demonstrated that the GA-PSO algorithm exhibited the fastest convergence in optimization search and achieved the best fitness value at stabilization. Among the three path schemes, the GA-PSO algorithm performed the best, followed by the GA, while the PSO algorithm was found to be the least optimal. Furthermore, path planning with multi-source data demonstrated better alignment with tourists’ landscape preferences, enabling personalized routes construction.

Illegal pesticide trade networks on the Brazil and Paraguay border: scenarios following the Latin American Integration Route (LAIR) construction

Agribusiness has unleashed new territorial dynamics on the Brazil and Paraguay border. Derived from Brazilian public policies influenced by geopolitical objectives, the spillover of agribusiness into Paraguayan territory has created productive, commercial, and logistical networks that have intensified the porosity of this border. In light of this, criminal groups have used these networks to carry out cross-border crimes. Among these illicit acts, the illegal flow of pesticides and agrochemical inputs stands out, since they use the road network to transport and distribute these products to the thriving agribusiness segment, despite the asymmetry between sanitary and legal parameters between Brazil and Paraguay. Through a qualitative analysis of quantitative data and interviews with agents responsible for security in the Brazilian Border Strip, we identified the characteristics of this cross-border illicit flow and built a scenario for the period after the construction of the RILA, which will make the river border of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with the department of Alto Paraguay, Paraguay, between the cities of Porto Murtinho and Carmelo Peralta, more porous and therefore more vulnerable to these crimes.

Состояние наземных путей сообщения и дорожное строительство на юге Дальнего Востока России во второй половине XIX в. – начале ХХ в.

The article examines the initial period of road construction and the formation of transportation routes in the southern Far East of Russia following its annexation to the Russian Empire until the early XX century. The term “communication routes” encompasses various types of roads designed for the transportation of people and goods, including postal routes, pack trails, dirt roads, and clearings. The construction of roads in the Lower Amur region near the city of Nikolaevsk, in the Amur Oblast, as well as in the Primorsky Krai, is considered. In the Lower Amur region, the construction of transportation routes was driven by strategic defense needs. In the Amur Oblast, the primary incentive for creating transportation infrastructure was economic needs, driven by the development of gold deposits. Postal routes, which operated in the region’s uninhabited conditions, played an important role in road construction. By the late XIX century, the construction of dirt roads in the Primorsky Krai was greatly influenced by the construction of the Ussuri Railway. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the development of transportation routes in the region corresponded to the capabilities of its time.

Modeling the paths of ethno-political traditions and building cultural routes by means of ethnodesign and GIS

The growing value of distinctive culture in the context of modern global civilisation makes it important to study the possibilities of ethnodesign to identify identity attributes and, at the same time, to search for integration meanings. In this sense, it is of great unifying cultural significance and relevance to identify by means of ethnodesign the sustainable visual features of ethno-political traditions of the past on the paths of their ancient movements, which were often migratory and as of the beginning of the 21st century can be modelled within several modern states with the subsequent construction of relevant international cultural routes by means of geographic information systems. The purpose of this work was to develop a methodology for modeling the paths of movement of ethnopolitical traditions – geospiritual modeling with the approbation of scientific and research possibilities of ethnodesign for the construction of cultural routes with the use of geographical information systems on the example of the location field of the ancient ruthenians, or rus/rug/ros – of the annalistic “rus family” and the ancestors. The author’s methodology of inheritance of culture is applied – a complex of methods for the developing processing of a unique cultural space based on the methods of complex source studies, comparative stylistic analysis and interdisciplinary semantic synthesis according to the general theory of systems. The results of the research were the confirmation of the continental polycentricity of the rus’ ethnopolitical tradition thanks to the clarification of its essential content and the main visual and graphic representation based on archaeological and heraldic artifacts, sacred ethnonymy and onomastics with the identification of the main locations, proposals for the construction of relevant international cultural routes. On this example, the methodological foundations of geospiritual modelling and terminological definitions on ethnocultural dynamics were formulated, which have scientific novelty, ideological content and practical value for the formation of databases and algorithms in relevant geographic information systems, and in general for international cultural cooperation in this area

Development of a routing method for ground-air Ad-Hoc network of special purpose

The object of the study is the process of forming control decisions to ensure the operation of the ground-air communication network routing subsystem based on neural network algorithms. The carried-out research is based on the application of the numerical-analytical approach to the selection of modern scientific and applied solutions for building management models for promising Ad-Hoc communication networks. In the Google Collab simulation environment, using the Python programming language, it was possible: firstly, to simulate the operation of a ground-to-air communication network based on previously obtained models and a routing process management system based on the FA-OSELM algorithm. Secondly, in accordance with the scenario of route construction and maintenance described in the article, to experimentally determine the communication metrics of the proposed method of intelligent routing of the ground-air Ad-Hoc special-purpose network, in order to assess its efficiency, adequacy and reliability of the results obtained. Thus, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions, a comparative analysis of the application of three existing routing methods (FLCA, Q-Routing, Neuro Routing) used in Ad-Hoc networks relative to the developed method was conducted. The result of the experiment showed that the proposed routing method MAODV-FA-OSELM provides significant advantages over analogs. Thus, the method exhibits the best network throughput (2.12e+06), the lowest average network latency (0.12), the lowest packet loss (6.32), the lowest bit error rate (2.41), and the lowest overhead (0.10e+06). However, it should be noted that a promising direction of further research may be the study of the computational complexity of the routing management process and the determination of the minimum allowable representative sample of initial data to ensure online decision-making.

Construction of the Chinese Route of Industrial Heritage Based on Spatial and Temporal Distribution Analysis

In the context of cultural routes, in order to achieve overall protection of industrial heritage, the European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) was established to organize and promote the entire European industrial heritage. The conservation and utilization of Chinese industrial heritage are currently dominated by individual cases, which limits their potential to contribute to regional sustainable development. There is an urgent need of a conservation system at the regional or national level, to ensure that Chinese industrial heritage conservation effectively contributes to regional sustainable development. This study considers the industrial heritage of China built between 1840 and 1978 to establish the Chinese Industrial Heritage GIS Database (CIHGD). The analysis shows that the distribution of China’s industrial heritage is mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern coastal areas, and the industrial heritage has formed three key regions, 14 key cities, and important railway and water systems located in eastern China. The CRIH facilitates the holistic conservation of China’s industrial heritage and provides basic data for future research on China’s industrial heritage. The objective of this study is to promote the establishment of an information-based management system for industrial heritage in China, and to explore the value evaluation, protection system, and regional tourism of industrial heritage from a national perspective in China.

A Dynamic Power Transfer Route Construction and Optimization Method Considering Random Node Distribution for Wireless Power Transfer Network

A Dynamic Power Transfer Route Construction and Optimization Method Considering Random Node Distribution for Wireless Power Transfer Network

Архитектурное решение проектирования сервисов пространственно-временной навигации в образовательных учреждениях

The paper presents an architectural solution to the problem of including navigation services in the already existing information system of the university. The relevance of the study is due to the modern development of indoor navigation technologies and the widespread prevalence of mobile services. The problem statement considers the multi-level architecture of the university IS and its functional logical model in relation to the concept of creating an adaptive educational environment. Based on this, the need to use microservices and APIs for space-time navigation in a university environment is justified. The presented justification of the selected design solutions is based on the proposed generalized scenario of internal navigation in the university, including the setting and construction of routes. Movement at the university is determined by the schedule of events, which implies space-time tracking depending on the role of the user and the infrastructure of buildings. The generalization of our experience in implementing various applications using navigation and location, as well as the results of the modeling of use cases from various points of view, allowed us to build a domain model. It has been proven that such an organization of the data model can be generated from the information structure of the portal and other external systems. Based on the described design solutions, a microservice architecture for a space-time navigation system with a public API has been developed. The key advantage of this approach is not only ample opportunities to support various university activities, but also the creation of infrastructure mechanisms for the modernization and development of the information and educational ecosystem.