People Construct Research Articles

The Identity of New People in Darcy Ribeiro's Work Brazilian People

The present research explores Darcy Ribeiro's contributions about the identity of the Brazilian people, which emerges as an identity of new people, as something that previously had no parallels, since it is the result of the historical processes of colonization and miscegenation. In this sense, this article uses basic research, based on a qualitative approach, with a search through bibliographical research, to try to understand the identity of a people who went through a process of not recognizing themselves as Portuguese, nor black African and nor indigenous, which is born from the harsh violence provoked at the beginning of the history of terra brasilis, when the colonizers arrived. Key concepts and even Darcy Ribeiro's own bibliography are explored in order to understand the notions of identity, culture, education, emancipation and construction of the Brazilian People. It is assumed, above all, that the Brazilian people, who are not the result of a racial democracy, but of the intersection of the white Portuguese, black African and indigenous matrices originating in the land of Brazil, demanding action in favor of the integration of all these people in the scope of educational training, citizen recognition and the realization of their prerogatives of dignity - in contrast to exclusion and inequalities.

A Multiple Case Study of Career Construction and Career Development Processes of People with Adventitious Blindness

A Multiple Case Study of Career Construction and Career Development Processes of People with Adventitious Blindness

Temporal explanations.

People can explain phenomena by appealing to temporal relations, for example, you might explain a colleague's absence at a meeting by inferring that their prior meeting ended late. Previous explanatory reasoning research shows that people construct causal explanations to resolve causal conflicts. Accordingly, temporal explanations may help reasoners resolve temporal conflicts, and we describe four experimental tests of the hypothesis (N = 240). Experiment 1 provided participants with conflicting or consistent temporal information and elicited natural responses about what followed. Participants spontaneously provided temporal explanations to resolve inconsistencies, and only a minority of them provided more conservative, direct refutations. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that participants preferred temporal explanations over simpler refutations to resolve conflicts, and Experiment 4 showed that participants judged temporal explanations more probable than refutations, and thereby yielded a novel class of conjunction fallacies. The research is the first to examine patterns in temporal explanatory reasoning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

“No One Has a Fundraiser for a Family in a Mental Health Crisis”: Constructing Mental Health as Bodies of Moral Worth

As United States citizens experience the rising cost of health care and the economic impact of COVID-19, they have turned toward other means of securing financial assistance. One popular strategy is the use of crowdfunding through GoFundMe (GFM). Recently, scholars have examined the mechanisms behind a “successful “ campaign. However, few scholars explore how these narratives are constructed. Using narrative inquiry, we examined the narrative structure of 83 GFM requests with the aim of understanding how people construct those seeking financial assistance for mental health as people of moral worth. Our results reveal that narratives are typically structured through the hero/heroine's story arch, often focusing on how the person has much to offer to society, is ready for change through whatever means necessary, and is only seeking requests after exhausting all other options. Such constructions may inadvertently further perpetuate stigma toward mental health needs and those who experience mental health crises.

Family Practices In The Construction Of Creative Professionals. A Biographical Perspective

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationships between family configurations and creative occupations. For this purpose, a biographical perspective was taken through the reconstruction of the life histories of sixteen creative professionals in Spain. We have followed two lines of approach, namely Florida’s classification of occupations (2002), which distinguishes between a creative class and a super-creative core, and Lahire’s conception of family configuration (1995). The main results reveal the importance of practices that are carried out on a daily basis by the family network (both internally and externally): reading and writing, cultural consumption (theatre, music, exhibitions, etc.), types of leisure (travelling) and forms of authority that lead the way to self-control and domestic family order. We have shown with this study the importance of the transmission of family culture in the construction of people who have creative occupations and the relationship that exists between the family educational capital and the educational level attained by the offspring.

The Relationship between Parenting and Personality Development of Adolescents

Adolescence is known to be the pivotal stage of human life, when people construct identity and achieve autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Different parenting styles lead to specific developmental outcomes during adolescence. At this stage, personality development occurs and affects adolescents social behavior and perception, which often have lasting effects on individuals later in life. Despite parenting and personality developments significance in adolescence, limited existing studies have accounted for their interactions. This paper aims to demonstrate the relationship between parenting and the personality development of adolescents by reviewing and integrating existing research. The findings are divided into three main components: the reciprocal relationship between parenting and adolescent personality development, parenting and other factors associated with personality development, and cross-cultural differences in this relationship. The results suggested that parenting style not only directly leads to certain personality outcomes, but also interplays with adolescents personality and other problem behaviors. In addition, parental rejection and adolescent self-criticism both affect personality development through bidirectional relationships. Finally, there are cultural differences in the described relationship patterns. Overall, an authoritative parenting approach results in desirable personality traits and fewer behavioral problems. Permissive and authoritarian parenting strategies tend to lead to maladaptive personalities and performance, as well as externalizing and internalizing problems. This review can provide some guidance for furture research and practices regarding parenting styles and personality development during adolescence.

Language brokering as acts of care: experiences of young migrants born in Poland and Romania living in Sweden

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to analyse how young migrants born in Poland and Romania, living in Sweden, construct their experiences of language brokering as acts of care within family relationships. The empirical data is based on narratives and visual material produced during interviews with 18 young people who moved to Sweden as children to join one or both parents migrating for work as part of the intra-EU mobility since 2004. The article adds new knowledge to the research on language brokering by focusing on its relational dimensions and designating it as one of the many other caring activities circulating between family members. The young people in the study act as language brokers by translating, interpreting, doing the writing and speaking as well as taking on an advocating and educational role for parents. By switching between languages in their ordinary conversations with siblings and parents they also engage in mutual multilingual learning. Their role as language brokers is analysed as part of the changing care dynamics between children and parents after reunification in Sweden. The young people construct their experiences in relation to feelings of love and obligation and their understanding of what is age appropriate to do. Their experiences of language brokering change over time and depend on other family members' bilingual competences and a supportive environment. According to our results, practicing language brokering may contribute to strengthening children's capacities as citizens and their feelings of being seen as important and valued in the family and society.

Set in stone: Jesuit martyrdom at land and sea in sixteenth-century Brazil

ABSTRACT Among the many unprecedented challenges that Brazil presented to the Jesuits, perhaps the most surprising was its resistance to making viable martyrs. The two places most likely to provide them a violent death were the sertão (backlands) and the sea. Jesuits in the Portuguese colony wanted adversaries to slay them in odium fidei (in hatred of the faith), a traditional requirement for martyrdom. Yet the Jesuits’ rhetorical construction of Indigenous peoples in the sertão, combined with its complex social dynamics, proved incompatible with this requirement. During the first decades of the province of Brazil, the Soldiers of Christ found that while their evangelical work remained on land, the sea’s narrative tropes suited the requirements for martyrdom best. To build their case for Jesuit martyrs in Brazil, José de Anchieta and his Jesuit companions subverted an age-old poetic landscape and constructed a fluid literary cartography.

The Role of Social Media in the Creation of Young People’s Consumer Identities

This article explores how young people construct and express their consumer identities via their consumption styles on social media. The importance of commercial content on social media, such as the postings of social media influencers and advertisers, has been increasing during the past years. Framed by theories on social identity, social comparison and consumer socialization, we analysed focus group discussions with 15 to 19-year-old teenagers in Finland ( N = 35). The results reveal that the participants had a clear understanding of their consumer identities: what kind of consumers they were and what they did not want to be. The consumption styles: luxury brand-oriented, trendy second-hand and sustainable, were heavily affected by social media, particularly by commercial social media influencers. Although our sample of young people was rather small, the results were consistent with other studies, and provided deeper understanding of the important role of commercial social media in young people’s consumption styles. Thereby, the research brings social media more tightly into the process of young consumers’ identity formation. For today’s young people, consumer identity is a major part of social identity which is greatly affected by social media. This is should be acknowledged by commercial actors, educators and consumer policy makers.

Harmoni Sosial Mayoritas Hindu dengan Minoritas Muslim di Panggung Tradisi Rowah di Karang Jero, Kelurahan Karang Taliwang

Rowah is a social construction of the Sasak people in the form of celebrations that are usually carried out by Sasak Muslims in order to express gratitude, or to pray for others, both living and dead. In Karang Taliwang Rowah not only attended by Muslims but also by Hindus who are not small in number, and the event is a place for self-presentation or self-impression to other religious groups so that social stability is not disturbed. The purpose of this study is to find out about the forms of impression management displayed by the Hindu majority and the Muslim minority in the rowah tradition. The results of this study show that there are several processes in rowah culture, namely silaq (inviting), bekelaq'an (cooking dishes), begibung, and ngejot (delivering food). There are also several types of spirit, such as the spirit of death, such as nyiwaq, metangdase, nyatus,painbuq. There are also rowah aqikah, circumcision, rowah merariq and so on. In the process of the rowah event, there are usually several forms of impressions that show each religion, namely from Hindus wearing batik, saying greetings, using smooth Sasak language, and giving water and money assistance to friends who hold rowah events. Meanwhile, Muslims also show their impressions by wearing a broom and a bebet, using the smooth Sasak language, smiling and greeting when welcoming guests and serving halal food.

Eliminating Stereotypes: Villages as Desirable Spaces for Partying among Spanish Youth☆

AbstractMost of the research on rural youth has focused on the material conditions that cause their migration to cities, but it has not tended to address sociocultural dimensions, such as those concerning leisure and what might condition the processes of migration among young people. The aim of this study is to contrast the discourse and representations that young people have regarding leisure with the festive practices that they carry out in Spanish villages. The fieldwork consisted of 13 discussion groups and 38 in‐depth interviews (N = 118), with participants aged between 15 and 24 years. The results show that: (1) young people construct their idea of partying through dominant, dichotomous and unequal rural–urban representations, demonstrating the presence of traditional stereotypes around rurality; (2) the village becomes desirable as a place for partying at specific times of the year, such as local festivals; (3) the practices of rural youth call into question this normative imaginary, as is also shown by their adaptation, belonging and agency in the construction and management of leisure. Getting rid of stereotypes about rurality and creating positive thinking about the leisure possibilities in villages can lead young people to see it as a space for opportunities and personal development.

The Gayo People Philosophy: Genap-Mupakat and Social Harmonization in Central Aceh

Gayo people construct collective deliberation called Genap-Mupakat, a dynamic social harmony entity as proof of local wisdom in Central Aceh. However, many people consider Genap-Mupakat a boring and time-consuming activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine Genap-Mupakat’s importance and significant influence on oneself and others. Data were collected qualitatively through in-depth interviews. The findings showed that Gayo people’s philosophy of Genap-Mupakat fosters togetherness and justice. The system had Islamic philosophical values and was laden with knowledge, norms, rules, and laws as a reference in collective deliberation and behavior to realize social harmony. The people must adhere to these principles to avoid conflicts and hostilities. The system stated that Gayo people have the characteristics of a republic, free, and democratic society. Therefore, the philosophy promoted orderliness in collective deliberation. The Gayo adage “tertib bermajelis, umet bermulie” means that orderliness in a meeting is a prerequisite for nobility.

Social-Engineering, Bio-economies, and Nation-State Ontological Security: A Commentary

Biocybersecurity is an evolving discipline that aims to identify the gaps and risks associated with the convergence of Biology (the science of life and living organisms) and cybersecurity (the science, study, and theory of cyberspace and cybernetics) to protect the bioeconomy. The biological industries’ increased reliance on digitization, automation, and computing power has resulted in benefits for the scientific community, it has simultaneously multiplied the risk factors associated with industrial espionage and the protection of data both commercial and proprietary. The sensitive and potentially destructive power of this data and its access inherently poses a risk to the national and ontological security of a nation. Ontological security refers to the extent to which an individual or group feels secure in their understanding of the world and their place in it. It is a psychological concept that pertains to the way in which people construct their sense of self and their place in the world, and how this sense of self and place is shaped by their interactions with others and the broader social, cultural, and political context in which they live. Nation-states provide stability and wider social cohesion, but these capacities can be disrupted when the nation state is sufficiently threatened (Bolton, 2021). Leading to an interest in maintaining a national identity; which can have profound effects on the behavior of a nation. Targeted social engineering is aimed at exploiting the changing and damaged mental health of workers in life science enterprises who have not been trained in a sufficient manner to deal with these attacks. Failure to identify the existing vulnerabilities associated with social engineering would expose the bioeconomy to unnecessary risk. Numerous scholars have pointed towards growing risks of nation-state stability being increasingly threatened vs inadequate actions taken to match threats for defense; when reflecting on energy, food, construction materials and more from the multi-trillion US bioeconomy we see that the ground to cover is huge (George 2019, Jordan, 2020, Murch, 2018; Mueller 2021). This paper seeks to discuss some of the existing vulnerabilities associated with social engineering attacks and the effects those attacks would have on the population's ontological security and spark conversations about ways in which ontological security of nation states are modified.

Figuring out fairness: The social construction of inheritance entitlements in close relationships

This article explores the social significance of writing a will and argues that how will-makers think about inheritance is tied to shifting understandings of kin, closeness and fairness. Will-writing is an overlooked and under-researched area of the social world but is a socially potent area of research, capable of revealing how people construct their moral landscapes. Drawing on the accounts shared by 22 elderly people considering what to do with their money when they die, this article illuminates how will-makers make appeals to different principles of fairness to relationally organise their social relationships, and to make these categorisations visible to others. Whilst fairness can act as a helpful normative framework for will-makers to draw upon in the legitimisation of their decisions, it is fundamentally a fluid concept that must be negotiated and explored in each context.

Constructions of Sexual Identities in the Ageing Body: A Qualitative Exploration of Older Norwegian Adults’ Negotiation of Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction

Older adults face age-related changes as well as stigma in relation to their bodies and sexuality, challenging their understanding of themselves as sexual, thought to impact both sexual desire, activity and satisfaction. A qualitative study with a semi-structured interview was completed with 32 people, aged 65–85, to investigate how older people construct understanding of their self as sexual in an ageing body. The analysis generated two main themes; “Positions of the ageing body as sexual”, with three subthemes, and “Negotiating change, transitions in identities”, with two sub themes. Results showed variations in participants’ thoughts about their body and how either appearance, agency or body function influenced different aspects of current sexuality and sexual satisfaction, and understandings of self. Statements showed examples of both internalized ageist understandings of the ageing body as sexual, but also rejections or low relevance of ageist attitudes in the understandings of present body image and sexual satisfaction. Results showed differences in how changes were understood and negotiated either through enhancement strategies or through cognitive-emotional, and social regulation. The findings demonstrated paradoxes and contradictions in the understanding and management of the ageing body and sexual satisfaction, where variations were found along but also across the divides of gender, relationship status and quality, sexual orientation, self-esteem and age cohorts. Implications indicate that health care strategies and policies should understand sexual ageing from a developmental perspective to support individual projects of developing affirmative and adjusted identities as sexual in an ageing body.

A narrative approach to the formation of place attachments in landscapes of expanding renewable energy technology

Renewable energy technologies are expanding in rural landscapes, where they are changing the character and meaning of place. This study explores the experience of living and recreating in proximity to landscapes undergoing this development, namely in a Swedish municipality where a major wind park is located. Using place attachment, it addresses how people construct meaning around places of everyday life through stories of their experience of place. Results show that individuals form coherent narratives of the past, present and future of places undergoing transformation. Stories of experiences of renewable energy technology and their impact on landscape relate to persisting feelings of rootedness, changing land-use activities and hope for a sustainable future. Place attachments are a form of social action as their formulation enables people to deal with change and embrace discourses of sustainability. Results highlight the discourses and practices that rural dwellers adopt in the wake of renewable energy transitions.

How Does Fiscal Decentralization Affect Health Outcomes? Evidence from China.

The impact of fiscal decentralization on health outcomes still has not reached a consensus, and studies conducted in the context of the new round of fiscal and taxation system reform are even less available. China's fiscal decentralization system has its own special characteristics, so it is necessary to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on health outcomes before and after the new round of fiscal and taxation system reform in China. Panel data from 2007 to 2019 were obtained through China's Health Statistics Yearbook and China's Statistical Yearbook. The effects of fiscal decentralization on health outcomes before and after the reform are explored separately by SYS-GMM, which introduce a dynamical model with a lag period of the explained variables. The Hansen test is used to determine excessive identification. The AR(2) is used to determine whether the residual term of the differential equation has a second-order serial correlation. Fiscal decentralization consistently had a negative impact on health outcomes, yet government health expenditures did not mediate the impact of fiscal decentralization on health outcomes. Fiscal decentralization had a positive effect on per capita government health expenditure before the new reforms, yet had a negative effect on the percentage of government health expenditures, both before and after the new reform. China's fiscal decentralization has caused local governments to pay insufficient attention to the construction of people's livelihoods, and the problem of insufficient government investment in health has not been improved. The new round of fiscal and taxation system reform has not reversed this situation either. It is recommended to adjust the incentive system for local officials, include medical and health in the evaluation indicators of local governments, optimize the structure of government expenditure, and improve the efficiency of the use of government health expenditure.

KRAMER: Interpretable Rarity Meter for Crypto Collectibles

People trade thousands of non-fungible tokens (NFT) daily. The NFT prices are expressed in cryptocurrency, and it is volatile. As the interest in the NFTs changes, their prices vary with time too. Is there an immanent meter to order NFTs by their value? Within a single collection, a vector of features–traits–characterizes NFT. People construct rarity meters based on the assumed value of the trait vector rarity. But this process lacks formalism. In this paper, we formulate the optimal rarity meter problem and provide a pipeline for optimal rarity meter design. A proposed tournament score function is an essential part of the construction. We demonstrate the approach for the Kanaria NFT collection.

CONTEMPORARY ART AND THE CRITIQUE OF EVERYDAY NATIONALISM

In discussions of everyday nationalism, bottom-up readings of nationalism that take into account human activities have brought a remarkable dynamism to the study of both nationalism and everyday life. However, since most of the studies on everyday nationalism focus on how ordinary people construct their national identities in everyday life, they do not sufficiently address the relations of production and distribution of critiques of nationalism produced in everyday life. This paper will discuss some artworks created by different artists from different countries around the world by intervening in national symbols and the critical perspectives they bring to national identity, national history, and national policies of states. I argue that artworks produced in this way disrupt the rhythm of everyday life and make controversial interventions into ethical, aesthetic, legal, and political spheres.

Utopian Thinking, Social Work, and Homelessness: Critiquing Ideas Regarding Welfare Dependence

ABSTRACT In this article social policy theorist Ruth Levitas’s utopian method is employed in critiquing and proposing alternative ways of thinking about and responding to homelessness in Australia. Ideas embedded in contemporary policy responses to homelessness are challenged regarding welfare dependence and homeless identities. Levitas’s method provides an important tool for social workers and social policy activists to rethink policy approaches to homelessness and confront considering neoliberal agendas emphasising individual responsibility and welfare dependency. IMPLICATIONS Homelessness is a major social issue in Australia and needs advocacy for social change. It is critical that social workers contribute to public debate and policy change that challenges dominant constructions of homeless people as welfare dependent. Utopian thinking offers an important tool for social workers to evaluate and critique dominant discourses regarding individualised and deficit-based discourses regarding homeless people.