Individual Constructs Research Articles

PERSPECTIVES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS FOR APPLICATION OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN DENTISTRY IN THE LIGHT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

Additive manufacturing technologies (AMTs) offer a new approach for cost-effective production of goods and services and are therefore quite rightly included as part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0. Last years great attention is paid to the AMTs as technologies of the future development in many countries all over the world including the European Union. Depending on the availability of a good base of installed 3D printers and intellectual potential, the countries are divided into two groups: 1) leaders in the field of 3D printing technology and 2) countries with large bases of equipment, but lack of trained and qualified labor force. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the perspectives and development trends for application of additive technologies in modern dental medicine in the light of Industry 4.0. The constant development of AMTs will accelerate their implementation in various fields and in particular in medicine/dentistry. The 3D printing technologies are first applied in dentistry, due to the possibility for fabrication of individual dental constructions. Currently, almost all worldrenowned companies for production of dental materials and machines develop additive technologies and manufacture the corresponding equipment. According to the forecasts, the 3D printing is expected to be widely used in dental clinics and laboratories in the next 5-10 years. The additive technologies most often applied in dentistry include stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective electron beam melting, selective laser melting/sintering and ink-jet printing. The great variety of materials used in these processes allow constructions with different purposes to be made for all areas of dental medicine - surgery, oral implantology, conservative dentistry, orthodontics and prosthetic dentistry.

Development of a Study Tool to Measure Awareness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Among Cancer Patients and Their Intention to Recommend the Vaccine.

Literature suggests that there is poor awareness and uptake of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in India. The role of cancer patients as potent advocates for HPV vaccine in their community is vital due to their first-hand experience with the turmoil that accompanies cancer. Hence, we have developed a study tool to measure the psychometric constructs "Awareness" of HPV vaccine among cancer patients and "Intention" to recommend the vaccine. The theoretical concepts of the Health Belief Model were applied, feedback from oncologists at Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute and public health experts at Indian Institute of Public Health to develop the study tool. A 24 items study tool was finalized following pre-testing and content validation. A sample size of 5:1 (participant:item) was considered adequate to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The pilot study tool was administered for validation to 150 cancer patients visiting the hospital during June-July 2023. The data were analysed using Jamovi (Version2.3). The McDonald's omega was 0.8, which indicates good internal consistency of the data. EFA using parallel analysis with maximum likelihood extraction method and Promax oblique rotation with factor loadings above 0.4 revealed a 3-factor solution with 21 items. Factors were named "Capability", "Awareness" and "Risk perception" respectively. The correlation between "Awareness" and "Risk Perception" was 0.28; between "Capability" and "Risk perception" 0.47. "Awareness" and "Capability" had a weak negative correlation(-0.02). The study tool could effectively measure individual constructs of awareness and intention. Notably, our findings indicate a weak correlation between awareness and one component of intention (capability), within this population. This aspect, rigorously measured and validated by our study tool, holds significance as it implies that despite a low level of awareness in this population, they may still be considered as potentially influential advocates for the HPV vaccine. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13224-024-01950-4.

Characterization of Stronghold Fortifications by 2D/3D/4D Electrical Resistivity Tomography: Major Push Towards Quantitative Interpretation

AbstractGeophysical methods are widely used as noninvasive tools for archaeological prospection. In a first step is usually applied basic prospection of vast areas, when data are evaluated only in qualitative way. Sometimes is performed second step, during which take place more detailed multidimensional or combined surveys in order to image archeological monuments complexly, allowing quantitative interpretation. Hence, we used a unique and novel combination of multidimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) on the Early Middle Ages stronghold fortifications at Vinoř (Czechia) to achieve such interpretation. The joint results of 2D/3D/4D (time-lapse) surveys allowed us to precisely characterize individual construction components of the fortifications, including a ditch and rampart enhanced by a front wall with a berm. The ERT results recovered the fortification dimensions and the volume of building material used. The surveyed fortification section was verified by excavations directly after the ERT measurements. A comparison of the excavated section with geophysics proved that ERT was able to infer all the important fortification characteristics. In addition, illustrative picture of the resistivity manifestations of the basic components of this very typical fortification construction were obtained. The results show that multidimensional ERT provide access to quantitative interpretation allowing to explain archaeological structures behind investigated anomalies. In result, sites containing cultural heritage can be leaved intact, excavations can be substituted in surprisingly large extent, while unprecedented amount of archaeological information is still retrieved.

Transport makes cities: transit maps as major cognitive frames of metropolitan areas.

Spatial representations play a fundamental role in navigation, decision-making, and overall interaction with our environments. Understanding how individuals construct and use them holds significant importance in spatial cognition research, and even bears practical implications for urban planning as it can explain how we interact with the spaces we inhabit. In large urban areas, transit maps stand as prominent visual aids, guiding people through public transportation systems. These maps, while designed for navigational purposes, may influence how individuals perceive and represent their cities. For instance, Vertesi (Social Studies of Science 38:09-35, 2008) showed through a series of interviews including a "sketch mapping" phase, that London Tube Map seems to structure residents' spatial representation of their city. However, thorough quantitative research on this subject have not been carried out yet. Two experimental studies have been conducted to demonstrate how residents' representations of metropolitan areas closely resemble the schematic representations of their public transport networks. First, we show that residents of Greater Paris-public and private transport users alike-plot city landmarks in a layout more closely resembling that of the Parisian transit map than the geographical map. Next, we asked Greater Berlin, London and Paris residents to place landmarks of their cities on different map backgrounds. A similar procedure was followed for landmarks from an unknown city, after a dedicated learning phase. For known cities, the sketch maps produced were closer to transit maps than to the geographical ones, although less so if the test map background presented topographical elements (e.g., rivers, etc.). For learnt cities, participants' sketch maps were almost exclusively dependent on the map provided during the learning phase. These results suggest that familiarity with transit maps has a direct impact on the metric properties of spatial representation in memory, a phenomenon we propose to call the 'schema effect'.

LEGAL REGULATION OF INDIVIDUAL HOUSING CONSTRUCTION: PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the analysis of law enforcement problems arising in the sphere of individual housing construction. Despite the fact that in recent years the state has actively supported individual housing construction (hereinafter referred to as housing construction), both by developing and implementing various socially oriented programs, providing support measures for certain categories of the population, and by improving legislation and reducing administrative barriers, the problems of law enforcement remain. The concretization of the characteristics of housing leads to disputes in connection with the classification of constructed housing as unauthorized construction in the case of deviations from the established norms. There are also disputes of other nature, which are also considered in this article. The purpose of the study is to identify modern problems of legal regulation of housing and communal services based on the analysis of the practice of judicial enforcement and to find ways to solve them. Results. As a result of the study, the author's conclusions are formulated on what problems of legal regulation can be defined as the most urgent and require action, as well as proposals to improve legislation in this area, proposals to change the existing wording of the norms of current law.

ECONOMIC CONSTANT OF INTRODUCING RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES AT A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY IN AN UNSTABLE MARKET ENVIRONMENT WITH LIMITED RESOURCES

Theoretical concepts and applied possibilities concerning the feasibility of introducing resource-saving technologies in a construction company under the influence of an unstable market environment and limited resources are determined. The article considers the dependence of construction production on many factors of the external and internal environment: natural and climatic, engineering and geological, economic, suppliers, sub-suppliers. This leads to the existence of a variety of projected cost and time indicators for a given construction project. This is due to the impossibility of obtaining accurate information on the conditions of project implementation. In the authors’ opinion, the limited availability of raw materials and the threat of their depletion are the reason for the constant rational use of raw materials and the search for new energy sources. The authors argue that in an unstable market environment and with limited resources, introducing resource-saving technologies can have a significant economic impact. Economic benefits, reduction of negative impact on the environment, improvement of the company’s image and status are the main advantages of introducing such technologies. It is necessary to compare the economic benefits of implementing resource-saving technologies with the costs of their installation and operation in order to determine the economic feasibility constant. Economic benefits include increased productivity, reduced costs due to resource savings and improved product quality. Costs are related to the installation of new technology, replacement of equipment, staff training and other factors. Economic feasibility is an economic assessment that helps determine whether introducing resource-saving technologies is economically viable. It can help construction companies make decisions about investing in new technologies in the context of an unstable market environment and limited resources. The article gives examples of the use of cost-effective resource-saving technologies: the reconstruction of Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) – the use of inventory shuttering in the complex use of softeners and chemical additives to concrete; the rationale for types of individual housing construction using recycled materials and the introduction of energy-saving technologies; the concept of “smart building”; the use of recycled materials such as bottles, paper, plastic and other materials in the construction of buildings. The article concludes that the use of resource-saving technologies can be an effective tool for ensuring the competitiveness and sustainable development of a construction company in an unstable market environment and with limited resources.

KONSTRUKSI IDENTITAS PADA INDIVIDU YANG MEMILIKI LEBIH DARI SATU INSTAGRAM

This research aims to understand how identity is constructed in individuals who have more than one Instagram account. The study employs a qualitative approach, and data collection is carried out by involving 10 informants through online semi-structured interviews. The collected data is analyzed using narrative analysis methods. Based on the analysis results, five themes are identified that demonstrate the identity construction of individuals on their Instagram accounts: 1) Feelings of insecurity; 2) Anticipatory anxiety; 3) Self-image as public identity; 4) Limitations of private identity; and 5) Existential anxiety in community space. Informants position themselves as individuals who feel insecure and strive to overcome anticipatory anxiety. These two themes are further related to the informants' public identity that portrays their self-image and their attempts to limit their private identity. The formation of public and private identities by informants also serves as an effort to address informants' existential anxiety within the community space.

The Individual Identity Construction of Chinese Fans of American TV Series in Social Media

The Individual Identity Construction of Chinese Fans of American TV Series in Social Media

Increasing the energy efficiency of wooden house construction

Individual housing construction in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is actively developing. Rising housing prices in multi-storey buildings, increasing building density, and socio-demographic factors are increasing the popularity of individual construction. Technologies for such construction imply the widespread use of available local building materials, in particular wood. During the study, the designs of private houses in the settlement - the regional center of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - were analyzed. It was found that 90% of the sample examined were houses built from timber. Using simulation modeling methods, the actual thermal resistance of the enclosing structure made of timber with a cross-section of 0.15×0.15 m was determined. The calculated value was compared with the standard resistance indicator of the enclosing structure, taking into account energy saving standards. The Elcut solid modeling system was used in the work. The required heat flow power to maintain stationary heat transfer conditions was determined. It has been established that the design enclosing structure does not provide the required thermal resistance taking into account energy saving standards. It is necessary to consider a multilayer enclosing structure and increase the design resistance by insulating the outer surface of the wall with heat-insulating materials.

Measuring Sleep Among Cancer Survivors: Accelerometer Measures Across Days and Agreement Between Accelerometer and Self-Reported Measures

Background: The associations between subjective (self-reported) and objective (actigraphy) sleep measurements are not well documented among survivors of cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine actigraphy measurements across days and the associations of two self-reported sleep measures with actigraphy-measured sleep measures. Methods: Sleep data were collected using self-reported sleep diary, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and hip-worn actigraphy at baseline for a subsample participating in the Lifestyle Intervention for oVarian cancer Enhanced Survival (N = 516) randomized controlled trial. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate consistency of actigraphy sleep measures across days of wear and associations of sleep diary with actigraphy for total sleep time (TST), time asleep, and time awake. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the associations of sleep duration and sleep efficiency derived from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy. Results: Participants were aged 60.3 years (SD 9.3 years). For TST, the associations were strongest after 3 weekdays of consecutive actigraphy wear (ICC = .43 95% CI [.35, .51]), and actigraphy-measured daily TST was longest (617, SD 135 min) compared with self-reported measures. Sleep diary versus actigraphy associations for TST, time asleep, and time awake were weak to moderate. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index versus actigraphy association was weak for all sleep constructs. Conclusion: The strength of association between self-reported and actigraphy measures of sleep ranged from weak to very strong, depending on the sleep construct. Impact: Results highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate measurement tool for estimating individual sleep constructs among survivors of cancer.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article considers modern trends in the development of the market of individual housing construction in Russia and foreign countries. It is shown that the development of private homeownership is based on the tendency to individualization of personal space, which is a bright attribute of the national mentality of the inhabitants of countries with the lowest density of settlement. Besides, having one's own house will stimulate people to create a family and increase the number of children. The features of the Soviet period in the sphere of construction and spatial development are analyzed. The then existing emphasis on the development of mass apartment construction and high degree of urbanization led to the degradation of rural areas due to the mass outflow of population to the cities. Today it is necessary to change the existing model of spatial development, using foreign experience of suburbanization as a progressive direction of low-rise housing development. The authors emphasize that government support and IT technologies can act as drivers in the development of the Russian housing market.

Thermal efficiency of the enclosing structures of an individual residential house in conditions of interconstant thermal energy generation

The involvement of recycled wood resources and low-quality wood in the processing provides an active source of raw materials for the construction industry. Environmentally friendly building materials in the form of wood-mineral composites (WMC) help recycle this waste and help conserve natural resources. The study examined the thermal performance of enclosing structures in the form of a frame wall filled with mineral wool, walls made of aerated concrete blocks and stands made of WMC. The purpose of the work was to determine the thermal regime of enclosing structures under stationary and non-stationary thermal conditions. The unsteady mode was created by simulating the generation of thermal energy for 10 hours a day. The mode corresponds as closely as possible to the actual operating conditions of an individual housing construction project, provided that it is heated by a solid fuel boiler or stove with periodic generation of thermal energy. The total simulation time is 5 days. It has been established that in a stationary thermal mode, all considered structures comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements and heat conservation standards.

РАЗВИТИЕ РЫНКА ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО ЖИЛИЩНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА: РОССИЙСКИЕ И МИРОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ

The article considers modern trends in the development of the market of individual housing construction in Russia and foreign countries. It is shown that the development of private homeownership is based on the tendency to individualization of personal space, which is a bright attribute of the national mentality of the inhabitants of countries with the lowest density of settlement. Besides, having one's own house will stimulate people to create a family and increase the number of children. The features of the Soviet period in the sphere of construction and spatial development are analyzed. The then existing emphasis on the development of mass apartment construction and high degree of urbanization led to the degradation of rural areas due to the mass outflow of population to the cities. Today it is necessary to change the existing model of spatial development, using foreign experience of suburbanization as a progressive direction of low-rise housing development. The authors emphasize that government support and IT technologies can act as drivers in the development of the Russian housing market.

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ ВИТРАТ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the study of the current problems of developing the budget structure and budgeting the costs of construction enterprises. The analysis of the dynamics of construction in Ukraine for 2012-2022, conducted according to statistical data, showed an increase in production volumes, despite the impact of negative factors. It is emphasized that the economic and managerial aspects of the activity of construction enterprises, including drawing up a consolidated budget, are largely determined by the specific features of construction as a branch of the economy. When developing the list and structure of operating budgets, construction enterprises need to take into account both their own production capacity and the rhythm of the supply of raw materials, materials and components, and a number of influencing factors. It is important to make assumptions about the probability of external influence on the components of construction works by other participants in the construction process (investors, designers, subcontractors, etc.). Thus, changes in the schedule of investment receipts, non-compliance with the terms of the contract by suppliers of raw materials or materials, inaccuracy of the developed estimate documentation can lead to additional costs. Since construction is one of the most material-intensive industries, preparation of the budget for material costs is of priority. It is noted that the budgeting of the wage component and deductions for social events should contribute to the motivation of workers at existing enterprises and reduce the turnover of qualified personnel in conditions of labor shortage. Due to budgeting, it is possible to carry out preliminary control over costs, in order to prevent irrational use of resources and to check compliance with the accepted standards of costs for individual construction works. It was determined that the budgeting process, as an element of financial planning, has prospects for use in calculating the forecasted values of the revenues of enterprises of the relevant branch of the national economy, which is especially important in the conditions of recession of the country's economy in a state of war.

Геоэкологическое картирование селитебных территорий Забайкальского края с использованием свёрточной нейронной сети

Floods pose a serious threat to economies and communities, but their danger is often underestimated. As a result, potentially dangerous areas of economic territories are subject to intensive development, which leads to damage when they are flooded. The use of modern methods of remote sensing of the Earth in combination with deep learning algorithms can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of mapping these territories and makes it possible to effectively manage them, optimizing the processes of planning and development of territories, reducing damage due to flooding. The object of the study is flood-prone areas of settlements in the Transbaikal Territory. The goal of the study is to improve geoecological mapping of the economic use of residential areas of the Transbaikal Territory that are prone to floods during the inter-flood period. The research objectives are as follows: image processing; visualization of objects belonging to different classes of economic use; analysis and assessment of changes within hazardous areas; checking the results obtained using a convolutional neural network; development of a software product that allows you to inform interested parties about the presence of dangerous territories. The methodology and me­thods are presented by research methods in the field of remote sensing of the Earth and processing of cartographic information. High-resolution remote sensing data, freely distributed by Google Earth services, and data from UAVs were obtained. The data is given in raster format and has a coordinate reference. Data processing has been carried out using the U-Net convolutional neural network and image processing by using a neural network and visualization of objects belonging to different classes of economic use of territories. A retrospective analysis and assessment of development changes in hazardous areas has also been peformed. The data obtained show active individual construction in the danger zone. The adequacy of the results obtained using a convolutional neural network was checked. A software product has been developed to determine the presence of hazardous areas within populated areas, which can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of mapping economic activities in populated areas.

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING: FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING ASPECT

Introduction. The implementation of building information modeling (BIM) technology is a promising direction in the development of the construction enterprise management system. It is advisable to use BIM technology also for economic purposes, which requires the study of financial and accounting features of the construction process in the conditions of digitization of management. The purpose of the article is to research the financial and accounting aspects of the use of building information modeling technology to optimize the management of construction enterprises. Results. The possibility of positioning individual construction objects (premises, floors, spatial zones) by operational centers of responsibility under the conditions of using BIM technology, which is the basis for the formation of a cluster structure of accounting and management of construction enterprises, is substantiated. The cluster is proposed to recognize a differentiated building object, which is an operational center of responsibility, which is in close relationship with various functional centers of responsibility and other clusters. The importance of positioning centers of responsibility simultaneously as centers of investments, incomes and expenses in the conditions of using BIM technologies, which involves a positive transformation of the method of processing financial and accounting information, is proven. In order to expand the functionality of the software for BIM purposes, the perspective of its improvement has been substantiated in the direction of: predicting options for forming planned estimates of construction costs with the adjustment of normative and actual costs; expansion of non-capital construction accounting methods; developing a procedure for assessing the damage caused by military actions in order to plan the need for financial resources for the restoration of destroyed or damaged buildings. In order to organize an effective information exchange between the participants of the construction process, it is necessary to ensure information synchronization between software for BIM design, accounting and management software products, electronic systems of business communications and electronic government. Conclusions. Expanding the functional and information capabilities of BIM technologies in terms of taking into account the financial and accounting aspects of construction, as well as ensuring information synchronization with current electronic services and document management systems, contributes to the formation of the newest concept of innovative smart construction.

Integrating Implementation Theory to Address Inequities in Cancer Care: Perspectives from an International Working Group

Background . There are well‐established, persistent inequities in cancer care and cancer outcomes within and between countries. The aim of this article is to explore how implementation theory, specifically the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), alongside coproduction principles, could be used to maximise the effectiveness of innovations with a vision of reducing inequity in cancer care. Methods. Workshops were conducted with partners from US, Australia, and UK, participating in the University Global Partnership Network (UGPN), which funded the collaboration. From these workshops, three case studies were identified and the framework was applied to identify ways of using CFIR to maximise the effectiveness of innovations. Results. The three case studies focused on human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and vaccination, participation in clinical trials, and use of translation services. We identified opportunities, for each of the case studies, where CFIR could be applied to improve implementation and proposed recommendations to ensure effective implementation of innovations using CFIR domains, including individual constructs (e.g., awareness and cultural competence), inner setting constructs (e.g., technology infrastructure), and outer setting constructs (e.g., how services are monitored, evaluated, and commissioned). Conclusions. Applying CFIR as an implementation framework offers a structured and holistic approach to consider how to maximise the effectiveness of innovations in the context of reducing inequities in cancer care. Working with other countries to apply this framework also provides a uniform approach to understand and reduce inequities across a range of innovations and address the global mission to improve cancer care for all.

Analysis of the coefficient of unpredictable costs in the construction industry in Slovakia

The main vision of the article is how the current situation in the construction industry affects the cost of construction equipment in Slovakia, because during the implementation, unforeseen costs enter the costs, which are not foreseen in the planning. Current inflation in Slovakia is one of the highest in Europe. The methods used during the research were initial quantitative questionnaires. The output of these was processed using statistical methods and subsequently evaluated. The current situation requires considerable attention in the calculation of individual construction costs. As it is a very challenging process due to the unpredictable market situation in terms of inflation, the price of energy increases, which also causes the rise in the prices of materials and wages. The data obtained can be used by construction companies to calculate the construction equipment. Construction companies in Slovakia can apply the information obtained in the preparation of a quote for construction work that includes construction equipment.

Study of electric consumption of individual housing construction facilities of different stories and area

In the Russian Federation, the construction of individual housing construction projects is being carried out at an increasing pace, for the construction of electrical networks for which there are no regulatory documents with an adequate methodology for calculating electrical loads. This situation led to low load on power grid equipment, and accordingly, investments became non-refundable. Sustainable development of private and industrial construction of individual housing projects is possible only with the development of regulatory technical documents that meet modern trends. To accomplish this task, research work was carried out to develop regulatory documents used in the design of electrical networks in cottage villages, taking into account the different number of floors and area of individual housing construction projects. Using the example of two cottage villages in Kazan, based on the parameter of daily and monthly electricity consumption, it was possible to obtain a sample whose data obeys the law of normal distribution. The analysis of sample sets of cottages in the villages shows that according to the power consumption parameter they can be grouped depending on the number of floors and area of the houses. The results obtained make it possible to formulate a future methodology for calculating electrical loads with amendments to the Federal Code of Rules.

Design, development, and assessment of a novel multi-peptide vaccine targeting PspC, PsaA, and PhtD proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumococcus is the top cause of diseases such as pneumonia/meningitis, and of secondary infections after viral respiratory diseases like COVID-19/flu. Pneumococcal protein-based vaccines consisting of proteins with various functions in virulence might provide a qualified alternative for present vaccines. In this project, PspC, PsaA, and PhtD proteins were considered to anticipate B/T-cell epitopes using immunoinformatics to develop 4 multi-peptide constructs (C, A, and D individual constructs, and a fusion construct CAD). We tested whether vaccination with CAD is able to elicit more efficient protective responses against infection than vaccination with the individual constructs or combination of C + A + D. Based on the in silico results, the constructs were predicted to be antigenic, soluble, non-toxic, and stable, and also be able to provoke humoral/cellular immune reactions. When mice were immunized with the fusion protein, significantly higher levels of IgG and cytokines were induced in serum. The IgG in the fusion group had an effective bioactivity for pneumococcus clearance utilizing the complement pathway. The mice immunized with fusion protein were the most protected from challenge. This report for the first time presents a novel multi-peptide vaccine composed of immunodominant peptides of PspC, PsaA, and PhtD. In general, the experimental results supported the immunoinformatics predictions.