Type Of Construction Research Articles

Behavior of Zn5Al hot-dip galvanized steel members under fire exposure

PurposeBased on the known positive effects of conventional hot-dip galvanizing under fire exposure and indicative results on zinc–aluminum coatings from smallscale tests, a series of tests were conducted on zinc-5% aluminum galvanized test specimens under fire loads to verify the previous positive findings under largescale boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe emissivity of zinc-5% aluminum galvanized surfaces applied to steel specimens was determined experimentally under real fire loads and laboratory thermal loads in accordance with the normative specifications of the standard fire curve. Both large and smallscale specimens were used in this study. The steel grade and surface conditions of the specimens were varied for both test scenarios.FindingsLargescale tests on specimens with typical steel construction dimensions under fire loads showed that the surface emissivity of zinc-5% aluminum galvanized steel was significantly lower than that of the conventionally galvanized steel. Only minor influences from the weathering of the specimens and steel chemistry were observed. These results agree well with those obtained from smallscale tests. The design values of zinc-5% aluminum melt (Zn5Al) required for the structural fire design were proposed based on the obtained results.Originality/valueThe novel tests presented in this study are the first ones to study the behavior of zinc-5% aluminum galvanized largescale steel construction components under the influence of real fire exposure and their positive effect on the emissivity of steel components galvanized by this method. The results provide valuable insights and information on the behavior in the case of fire and the associated savings potential for steel construction.

Comparison of the Parameters of Thermal Comfort in a House Built With Green Bricks With a Conventional Construction

This project consists of the comparison of thermal comfort between a house made of green bricks and a construction made of conventional bricks. The green bricks are made of cement, water and soil and provide many benefits such as: material savings, reduced construction time , is easy to produce and can be done at the construction place and don’t consume fuel in the manufacture. At the structure of this bricks, have holes provides thermal and acoustic insulation, doesn’t allow the accumulation of moisture on the walls, facilitates the electrical and plumbing systems and promote the engagement of bricks , giving greater symmetry . It is intended to show and prove that this type of brick provides benefits for buildings. This project used the devices: thermometers with and without contact, anemometer, hygrometer and density meter solar power. With these equipaments are measured internal and external temperatures to buildings and bricks, wind speed, humidity and solar radiation intensity. The two buildings analyzed are located in the UNESP campus Guaratinguetá- Brazil. The results was positives, the green bricks provided the benefits mentioned above, showing that this type of construction can benefit society and the environment, encouraging their use.

The grammaticalization of manner expressions into complementizers: insights from Semitic languages

Abstract Complementation strategies in both ancient and modern Semitic languages include the use of a series of cognate complementizers typically sharing a k-element: e.g., Tigrinya käm, Modern Hebrew ki, Akkadian kī(ma) or Ge’ez kama. The sources and the developments that led to the complementizer use of these multifunctional k-subordinators are not sufficiently clear, and diverse interpretations have been proposed. The present article analyses the oldest written record of k-complement markers in Semitic, focusing on Old Akkadian, Old Babylonian and Old Assyrian. The analysis of the type and distribution of complement constructions suggest a different explanation for their development based on the grammaticalization of similative manner expressions, a process attested in Afro-Asiatic and other languages. The article also highlights the presence and potential role of nominal complementation among the earliest recorded forms of complementation in Akkadian. The data presented here provide insights into the origin of k-complementizers in Semitic languages with less ancient written evidence, from Ancient Hebrew to Ethiosemitic.

The use of a bamboo reinforced concrete foundation for a simple environmentally friendly house in Indonesia

In typical rural house construction, reinforced concrete foundation plates are not commonly used due to economic factors and the high cost of steel, which often results in compromised safety. Bamboo offers an affordable, renewable, CO2-absorbent material with high tensile strength. This research supported low-income communities by exploring the application of bamboo-reinforced concrete (PB) foundation plates. Technical feasibility, such as load capacity, crack pattern, and failure, were examined and compared with steel-reinforced concrete (PS) plates. Four foundation specimens with dimensions of 70 × 70 × 15 cm3 consisting of three PB foundation plates and one PS foundation were analyzed. The bamboo reinforcement had dimensions of 15 mm × 15 mm, and the steel reinforcement had a diameter of 10 mm. Different spacing variations were tested, including bamboo reinforcement spacings of 100 mm, 125 mm, and 150 mm, with a steel reinforcement spacing of 130 mm. During testing, a concentrated load was applied at the four corners of each foundation. The results showed that the PB foundation plate with a reinforcement spacing of 100 mm exhibited a 3.16% higher load capacity compared to PS foundation plate with a 10 mm reinforcement spaced at 130 mm. The stress zones, crack patterns, and failure modes of the PB foundation plates exhibited similarities to the PS foundation serving as the control. Based on these findings, PB foundation plates are a feasible option for a simple rural house foundation.

Impacts on Embankments, Rigid and Flexible Barriers Against Rockslides: Model Experiments vs. DEM Simulations

AbstractAs a result of climate change, rockfalls and rock avalanches as well as landslides lead to an increasing hazard for settlement areas and infrastructures. The hazards of such mass movements mean that numerous protective structures must be planned and built. In addition to building such constructions, the refurbishment of existing protective structures is also playing an increasingly important role. Some of these protective structures are rigid structures consisting of concrete and/or steel elements. Due to the difficult accessibility, flexible net constructions are often considered. Embankment constructions are normally erected to protect against large mass movements. The choice of the right type of construction is based not only on geotechnical and geographical conditions, but also on the occurring energies and the impact of rockslides on the protective structure. In this study, small-scale laboratory experiments with different protective structures are presented. Rigid and flexible structures as well as reinforced embankments are investigated. Based on the results of the experiments, the impacts and deformations are recalculated numerically using the discrete element method (DEM). From the small-scale laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, the differences regarding the construction type of the protective structure can be investigated. An essential main point concerns the relationship between the flexibility of the barrier and the total impact load. The presented work is limited to the investigation of strongly fragmented gravitational mass movements such as rock avalanches.

Theft and Vandalism Control Measures on Construction Sites

Purpose: The goal of this study is to determine and improve the best security practices within Ghanaian construction sites to control theft and vandalism incidents.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the population which were indigenous small and medium-sized construction firms of D1KI and D2K2 categories to complete the semi-structured questionnaire. Out of the total of 80 questionnaires distributed, only 65 responses were retrieved for analysis. Descriptive statistics comprising, frequencies and mean scores were used. 
 Findings: The findings showed that the most effective and often utilized security measure on construction sites is the hiring of watchmen, with security cameras, alarm systems, and warning signs being the least frequently employed. Sites would most likely be protected from theft by effective implementation of the most important security measures while also guaranteeing that the value for money invested in site security is also realized.
 Research Limitation/Implications: The effectiveness of theft and vandalism control measures may vary based on specific site characteristics, such as location, size, and type of construction. Generalising findings from one site to all construction contexts may not be applicable.
 Social Implication: Incidents of theft and vandalism can lead to social tensions within the community, especially if residents perceive construction activities as a source of risk. Effective control measures mitigate these tensions, fostering a more harmonious relationship between construction companies and the local population.
 Practical Implication: Minimizing the impact of theft and vandalism contributes to the timely completion of construction projects. Unanticipated delays due to security incidents can be avoided, ensuring that projects adhere to planned schedules and deadlines.
 Originality/ Value: The originality of this paper lies in its targeted investigation into theft and vandalism control measures on small and medium-sized construction sites, offering innovative and contextually relevant solutions that address the unique challenges faced by SMEs in the construction industry.

Izpustnost in elipsa

The article presents the theoretical relationship between the understanding of omission and ellipsis. Of all of the types of elliptical constructions, the most frequently analysed are gapping and verbal ellipsis. It would seem that ellipsis and other procedures involving omission require a certain similarity or parallelism obtaining between the reduced member and an antecedent in the discourse, which also grants the integration of the ellipsis into the structure of the discourse. Defining topicality with a referent and selecting the form of the referent is, on the one hand, determined as an information structure and, on the other, as a discourse structure; both are manifest as information organising principles – as a visible and structured expression of order. Thus there is a need to examine the phenomenon of omission, and within this the place of ellipsis.

DUAL-MOBILITY ARTICULATION CONFERS LOWER DISLOCATION AND REVISION RATES: A STUDY USING REVIEW OF REVIEWS METHODOLOGY

Dislocation post THA confers a higher risk of re-dislocation (Kotwal et al, 2009). The dual mobility (DM) cup design (1974) was aimed at improving the stability by increasing the femoral head to neck ratio (Cuthbert et al., 2019) combining the ideas of low friction arthroplasty with increased jump distance associated with a big head arthroplasty.Understand the dislocation rates, rates of aseptic loosening, infection rate and revision rates between the 2 types of constructs to provide current and up-to date evidence.Medline, pubmed, embase and Cochrane databases were used based on PRISMA guidelines. RevMan software was used for the meta-analysis. Studies (English literature) which used DM construct with atleast 6 months follow-up used as intervention and non DM construct as control were included. 2 independent reviewers conducted the review with a third reviewer in case of difference in opinion regarding eligibility. Primary outcome was dislocation rate and secondary outcome was rate of revision.564 articles identified out of which 44 articles were screened for full texts and eventually 4 systematic review articles found eligible for the study. Thus, study became a review of systematic reviews. From the 4 systematic reviews, another 35 studies were identified for data extraction and 13 papers were used for meta-analysis. Systematic reviews evaluated, projected an average follow up of 6-8 years with significantly lower dislocation rates for DM cups. The total number of patients undergoing DM cup primary THA were 30,559 with an average age 71 years while the control group consisted of 218,834 patients with an average age of 69 years. DM group had lower rate of dislocation (p < 0.00001), total lower rate of cup revision (p < 0.00001, higher incidence of fracture (p>0.05).DM THA is a viable alternative for conventional THA. The long-term results of DM cups in primary THA need to be further evaluated using high quality prospective studies and RCTs.

Containing Carbon: Assessing the Carbon Impacts of Repurposed Shipping-Container-Based Housing

Constructing habitable buildings from repurposed shipping containers is commonly seen as an inherently sustainable approach to building that reduces environmental impacts. While numerous studies have analyzed the relative energy performance of container-based buildings, few studies examine the relative carbon impact of high-performance container dwellings concerning other high-performance residential construction types. This paper presents a life cycle assessment that compares the material carbon emissions, operational carbon emissions, and carbon use intensity of a shipping container dwelling with an equivalent high-performance, light-frame wood dwelling across the critical time frames for meeting global climate goals. Analysis shows that the light-frame dwelling produces approximately 22% fewer carbon emissions and suggests that shipping containers do not necessarily offer an unequivocal path toward low-carbon building.

Communicative accentuation in Buryat emotive constructions

The article examines Buryat emotive constructions from the point of view of the communicative identification of participants in an emotive situation. The relevance of the study lies in the current general interest of linguists currently in the problem of the verbalisation of emotions. The novelty of the work lies in the application of an additional, communicative aspect to the study of the means of verbalising emotiveness in the Buryat language. The aim of the study is to identify the connection between the syntactic and communicative structure of a sentence, or more precisely, between the syntactic position and the communicative emphasis. Methods of linguistic observation, introspection, description, methods of differential and component analysis have been used. It has been shown that a shift in the speaker's focus from one participant to another, or to the emotion itself, is reflected in the syntactic structure of the sentence. The position of the subject is communicatively highlighted and significant in the structure of the sentence. The communicative emphasis of the subject in the Buryat language is also determined by the strict order of words in the sentence (the subject is always the topic). In the course of studying Buryat emotive constructions as speech acts, the author identified three types of constructions with communicative emphasis of the participants in an emotive situation in the subject position. These are constructions with a communicative emphasis: 1) on the Experiencer, 2) on the Stimulus, 3) on the Emotion itself. It is noted that the Stimulus can be presented both in expanded form (subordinate clauses) and in collapsed form (nominal groups). The research material was modern texts of literary works by Buryat authors, published in the electronic Buryat corpus. A survey of native speakers was also conducted in order to confirm or refute doubtful cases of communicative emphasis.

Calcined mullite powder produced from waste clay-diatomite

Mullite powders have been fabricated using diatomite powder as Si and Al-nitrate as Al precursors, without using any additives. Samples were calcined at three temperatures (1300, 1400 and 1500 ?C) for a period of 1, 2 and 4 h. The obtained powders were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD) PSA (Particle Size Analysis), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy) and EDXS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Content of the crystalline phases with calcination temperature and dwell time was computed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), using POWDER CELL software. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirmed that the rod shape morphology of mullite particles, with the diameters around 500 nm, and lengths, 5 ?m embedded in an amorphous matrix. XRPD of the sintered samples at 1300 ?C showed formation of thermally stabile phases (mullite, cristobalite and corundum) that makes the analyzed diatomaceous earth suitable for production of various types of construction and thermal insulating ceramic materials.

Use of Technological Normals in the Development of a Building Information Model

At each stage of the life cycle, the digital model is characterized by a specific level of elaboration and respective attribute data of elements. At the stage of construction, the model is used for planning and organization of construction operations, progress control. It should contain elements providing fulfillment of the adopted organizational and technological solutions. For the formation of a building model, it is suggested to utilize technological normals of building processes. Technological normals contain basic requirements, parameters and factors for performance of particular types of construction and erection works, also special works; they also include the characteristics of required machines and mechanisms, tools, equipment and materials, labor inputs, staff qualifications and numbers, as well as the main technological solutions for execution of works. Normals can be made both for unit scopes of works and for individual structural elements, sections, assembly units. It would be useful to use normals as a catalog of standard elements for designing organizational and technological solutions in creating a building model. The structuring and standardization of catalogs (sets) of technological normals, their correlation with catalogs of building machines, structures and materials, will allow finding the most rational engineering and economic options during construction.

Groundwater Use in Yenagoa: Impact on Residential Development and Investment

In the oil-producing metropolis of Yenagoa and its surroundings in Bayelsa State, Nigeria’s Yenagoa Local Government Area (YELGA), groundwater is the main and only safe source of water. As the capital of Bayelsa State, the city experienced rapid development, resulting in an influx of people and a subsequent freshwater deficit due to increased oil production and groundwater pollution. For the sustainable growth of water resources, preventing water or piezometer level fluctuations and quantitatively estimating the area’s available water supplies are crucial. To meet the water needs of the population, boreholes are dug using rotary technology and cable devices. The size of the borehole, the type of construction, the type of material used (casing and screen), and the availability of sachet water are some of the many factors that affect the cost of constructing a water borehole in Yenagoa and its environs. This study shows that the location of the study area in the riverine Niger Delta area of Nigeria makes the construction of boreholes more expensive. Data on the cost of drilling boreholes in the exhibited area shows a significant increase over time. It is shown that the long economic life of drilled borehole depends on monitoring of aquifers and wells, as well as maintenance of wells, pumps, and accessories, all of which prove inadequate.

Expedient Structures for Safeguarding Aircraft Parking Areas from Climatic Impact: An In-depth Exploration

This research delves into the study and analysis of diverse expedient structures designed to protect aircraft parking areas from the influence of various climatic conditions. The article scrutinizes tent, arched, and rigid constructions, outlining their primary advantages, drawbacks, and application domains. Special emphasis is placed on achieving a balance between costs and requirements, as well as selecting the optimal construction type based on climatic conditions and economic factors. Matters of durability, strength, and stability of the constructions are discussed, accompanied by recommendations for making informed decisions when choosing a structure for safeguarding aircraft parking areas. In conclusion, the authors underscore the significance of conducting additional research and evaluating the long-term effectiveness of each construction type for a more qualitative and well-informed decision-making process. This article provides essential recommendations and conclusions that can prove valuable for engineers, designers, and specialists in the field of aviation infrastructure.

Panoramic analysis of cell death patterns reveals prognostic and immune profiles of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been characterized by a low therapeutic response and poor prognosis. Currently, there are no reliable predictive models for HNSCC progression and therapeutic efficacy. This study explores the role of diverse patterns of cell death in tumor development, positing them as predictive factors of HNSCC prognosis. We utilized bulk transcriptome and single-cell transcriptome, align with clinical information from TCGA and GEO database, to analyze genes associated with 15 types of cell death and construct a cell death index (CDI) signature. The associations of CDI with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immunotherapy-related biomarkers were also evaluated using various algorithms. The CDI signature emerged as a robust prognosis biomarker that could identify patients who can benefit potentially from immunotherapy, thus improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing clinical decisions in HNSCC management. Notably, we discovered that CAAP1 deficiency not only induced apoptosis but also enhanced anti-tumor immunity, suggesting its potential as a target for clinical drug development.

Device-Based Measurement of Office-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Time: A Systematic Review

Background: The aim of this study was to systematically review the findings for validity, reliability, and acceptability of device-based measures of office-based physical activity and/or sedentary time in an office context to evaluate workplace interventions. Methods: The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Analysis guidelines. Five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science) were searched (inception to December 2023). Keywords included population (e.g., workers), type of measure (e.g., device-based), measurement constructs (e.g., validity), context (e.g., office), and behavior (e.g., sitting). Two authors screened titles, abstracts, and full texts independently with disagreements resolved by a third author. Findings were reported using narrative synthesis, and COnsensus-based standards for the Selection of health status Measurement INstruments was used for quality assessment. Results: In total, 2,299 articles were identified, with 16 articles retained. These reported 21 measurement protocols (nine in free-living settings) assessing eight worn, four remote, and one combined method. Sixteen protocols assessed office sitting, with standing (n = 8), moving (n = 11), postural transitions (n = 7), and location (n = 2) also assessed. Participant sample sizes ranged from one to 42 (median = 13). Criterion validity was assessed in all 21 protocols, with lower limb–worn measures of sitting, and worn and remote measures of location reporting the highest validity/accuracy compared with the ground truth (good to excellent). Only two articles reported acceptability (good acceptability), with none reporting reliability. Conclusions: There is evidence of valid device-based measures of office behavior (particularly sitting and location of workers), but this has largely been obtained in laboratory settings and/or with small samples. Larger studies in more varied free-living settings, potentially using multiples sources of data and assessing acceptability, are required.

Classification of functionally object activities of SID-type IP specialized industrial development system

The completed classification studies showed a multitude of life cycle types of industrial park (IP) construction and allowed for updating the importance of additional modeling of project-oriented developer’s organizational structures for management of industrial park development (SID). The article provides structural classification of functionally object activities of SID-type IP specialized industrial development (SKTII), which defines the technological structure of this type of industrial construction. The research considers several types by defining types of capital construction facilities (CCF) by functional components (outcomes). A system of industrial park development prediction models is proposed comprising the effects of factor attributes xij on the observed value yij (outcome attribute) through the example of factor (aggregate) performance with the development of a strategic administrative map for brownfield IP.

The use of air entraining/plasticizing admixtures in cement-lime masonry mortars: Effects on fresh and hardened mortar properties

Modern day masonry mortars rely on more than just standard constituents, which by definition include binder, aggregates and water. Due to different requirements imposed onto various types of masonry construction, ready mix mortar manufacturers and even masons and labourers on construction sites add certain additives to their mortar formulations. In this study, one standardized admixture is studied – an air entrainer/plasticizer (EN 934-3), coming in two forms – liquid and powder. It is applied to increase the air content and plasticity of cement-lime masonry mortar, formulated in volumetric proportions of 1:1:6 for cement, lime and aggregates. The dosage of admixtures is gradually increased starting with the manufacturer’s recommendations until the excessive air entrainment is achieved in order to determine the optimal dosage. Fresh mortar properties, including consistency, air content and bulk density are used to assess the enhancement of mortar influenced by the addition of the admixture, whereas compressive and flexural testing is performed at 7 and 28 days to monitor the disadvantages brought by reducing density. The results of this study reveal that the efficacy of a liquid admixture is better than that of a powdered air entrainer/plasticizer, albeit it being more difficult to use accurately. In both cases, higher dosage than manufacturer’s recommendations was required to reach satisfactory improvement of the fresh mortar structure, which resulted in a mixing water reduction, increased air content and reduced bulk density. That subsequently influenced the decreased strength, although optimally formulated mortars adhered to their strength class requirements.

Subjectivity of Discourse Constructions in News Discourse by Integrating Construction Grammar and Critical Discourse Analysis

Abstract This study aims to explore subjective connotations of different types of discourse constructions in news discourse in a systematic way. An analytical framework of the subjectivity of discourse constructions in news discourse was constructed. The subjectivity of discourse constructions in news discourse was analyzed by integrating Construction Grammar (CG), Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and inductive thinking in mathematics. The findings show that: (1) news discourse, a large discourse construction, is the form-feature-function pairs of discourse units in news reports, consisting of title-report constructions and main-content constructions with 20 subtypes and five features; (2) each type of discourse construction explicitly possesses its structures or markers and also reflects speakers’ rich subjective personal marks with five connotations. These findings help understand speakers’ emotions, attitudes, intentions, and ideologies towards objective events in a deeper way, interpret speakers’ embodied experiences and perception of the communicative context, and speakers’ concern over the hearers, thus promoting human communication.

ИЗ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ НАД РИТМОМ ПРОЗЫ А. Н. ТОЛСТОГО

The article deals with the specifics of the rhythmic organization of A.N.Tolstoy›s prose. The rhythm of prose is defined as a repetitive alternation of elements in a narrative system. Such elements include large blocks: a dynamic depiction of the actions of characters, static descriptions (landscape, portrait, author›s digression), insertion elements (text within the text). A.N.Tolstoy possessed a holistic perception of the space-time continuum of human existence. At the same time, we must take into account the dependence of the tempo of the work on the literary genre chosen by the author, on its stylistic nature. Short stories, novellas and novels by A.N.Tolstoy can be divided into three genre and style categories: 1) manor prose; 2) adventurous and fantasy prose; 3) historical prose. The specificity of these artistic models determined many features of the poetics of these works, including influencing the organization of the narrative rhythm. The rhythm of manor prose tends to slow down. Adventurous prose has a completely different rhythm of plot unfolding. A series of adventures aimed at achieving cherished goals is always characterized by a special rapidity and unpredictability of transitions. The rhythm of historical prose is determined by contrasts in the perception of time, on the one hand, by active reformers, and, on the other hand, by mossy conservatives. In all cases, rhythmic shifts affect both tiers of the story system: 1) the depicted series of events (the scope of the characters› actions); 2) the scope of the events of the story (the subject level). The article deals with the issues of the technique of embodying rhythmic shifts (the role of pauses, the introduction of the same type of syntactic constructions, the discrepancy of different rhythms, deviations from logic).