Construction Of Reality Research Articles

Pragmatic Analysis of 2019 Nigerian Presidential Election-Related Newspaper Cartoons

This study undertook a pragmatic analysis of the 2019 Nigerian Presidential Election-Related Newspaper Cartoons to establish the central issues, their contextual underpinning, the engendering pragmatic acts and strategies and their implication to media, society and politics. It was designed to address the knowledge gap created by extant studies which evaded the appraisal of this slant of political discourse that would provide a better understanding of the political cartoons. To address this issue, the paper adopted the Pragmatic acts theory and the theory of social semiotics to account for the ensuing issues and their semiotic significance. The descriptive research design was adopted with a purposive sampling technique to allow for a qualitative analysis of the data selected for the study. Twenty-five cartoons were purposively selected for this paper. The selection was premised on the critical issues that tainted the general elections of 2019. These were subjected to pragma-semiotic analysis. Three discourse issues were identified – partisan contest, electoral fraud, and corruption. These were constrained by six contexts, which are the contexts of rivalry, game, defeat, victory, corruption, and war with the pragmatic acts of satirizing, warning, and sensitizing, strategically crystalized through the strategies of negative lexicalization of opposition, satirisation of politicians’ identity, and invocation of actor’s precedence. It, therefore, concludes on the note that it takes more than a literal sense to understand the construction of political cartoons of criticism and thus needs conscious efforts to unravel the issues and pragma-semiotic means of decoding them. The study hence recommends that political cartoon studies should be initiated and their proliferation should be censored due to their sensitive construction of reality and its implication for media, politics and society.

Framing Analysis of Online Sexual Harassment News Against Online Motorcycle Bikes by Online Media Detik.com and Viva.co.id

The issue of sexual harassment through online or online networking is a topic that is being seriously highlighted by various parties and comes to the fore in the term Online Gender-Based Violence (OGBV). This research focuses on the perspective of mass media reporting in bringing up a phenomenon of online sexual harassment to the public. Specifically, the study discusses the phenomenon of online sexual harassment cases that are actually experienced by men, namely Online Motorcycle Taxi (Ojol) drivers. This fact was analyzed textually using Robert Entman's model framing analysis method of two news manuscripts from two different online media, namely Viva.co.id and Detik.com. This research with a qualitative descriptive approach aims to find out the framing efforts and construction of reality made by the two online media around online sexual harassment cases against Ojol drivers through their respective news texts. The results of the study concluded that the two news stories on the online media had tried to insist on participation to the managers of the application service to provide protection to Ojol drivers which showed the partiality of the media to the victims. Based on the theory of media setting agendas, both news stories have included the agenda of the media and the agenda of the audience, but have not given a significant portion to the authorities as a policy agenda to come up with a solution to this problem of online sexual harassment

The Social Construction of Reality: Junior High School Students Brawl in Balaraja Tangerang

This study aims to explore the condition of education caused by brawls at the high school level. The research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques: observation, interviews, and document studies. The results of the study show that students who engage in brawls can be caused by environmental factors, school, and social friends. Student brawls carried out together with peers are in the form of influences from outside the environment (externalization). Indirectly school is a factor in the occurrence of brawls. Schools are places where children with the same characteristics as “peer brawls” (objectivation) gather. In this case the socialization carried out by the child of the student brawl is with social friends which greatly influences one's personality (internalization). By using Peter L. Berger's conception of prevention that can be done, among others, socializing the dangers and negative effects of brawls by formal institutions. As well as countermeasures by giving strict sanctions or punishments that can provide a deterrent effect based on the country's positive law.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kondisi pendidikan yang diakibatkan tawuran di tingkat sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelajar yang melakukan tawuran dapat disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan, sekolah, dan teman pergaulan. Tawuran pelajar yang dilakukan bersama-sama dengan peer berbentuk pengaruh dari luar lingkungan (eksternalisasi). Secara tidak langsung sekolah elemen faktor terjadinya tawuran. Sekolah menjadi wadah berkumpulnya anak-anak dengan karakteristik sama “peer tawuran” (objektivasi). Dalam hal ini sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh anak pelaku tawuran pelajar adalah dengan teman pergaulan yang sangat memengaruhi kepribadian seseorang (internalisasi). Dengan menggunakan konsepsi dari Peter L. Berger pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan di antarnya, mensosialisasikan bahaya dan dampak negatif dari tawuran oleh institusi formal. Serta penanggulangan dengan memberi sanksi tegas atau hukuman yang dapat memberikan efek jera berdasarkan hukum positif negara.

All Power Deceives

Explanations of errors in past development theory and practice include changes in development conditions in professional norms and in modes of learning. How a fourth dimension, power, contributes to error is illustrated by three case studies – Freud and child sex abuse; the animal‐drawn, multi‐purpose, wheeled toolcarrier; and woodfuel gap analysis. Human society can be seen as patterned like a magnetic field, North–South, with powerful uppers and weak lowers. Uppers construct reality and project and transfer it to lowers. Their dominance, distance, and the professional ego generate and sustain misperception, as they generate, accept and interpret information to fit their needs and flatter their self‐esteem, and defend themselves against dissonance. Lower may mirror the reality of uppers, and generate, select, and distort information to fit what they believe uppers want, approve, and will reward. The resulting self-sustaining systems of power and misinformation are stable and hinder development. Solutions can be sought in reversals of power relations, changing behaviour and roles, redefining professional values, and enabling the poor, weak, and vulnerable better to conduct their own analyses and express their own realities.

An Ecological Discourse Analysis of Border Town from the Interpersonal Function Perspective: A Literature Review

Facing the current needs of socially sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, how to devote ourselves to the conservation of the ecosystem has become the focus of an increasing number of scholars. In the field of linguistics, the study of ecological discourse has become a new direction. Ecological Discourse Analysis is to reveal the ecological means of discourse through language analysis in order to prevent the ecological damage of human action. Hallidayan's approach emphasizes the role of language in ecological issues and the impact of language on ecological relationships, and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) lays stress on describing and analyzing linguistic facts in order to construct reality. Accordingly, this thesis conducts an ecological analysis of Shen Congwen’s classic book Border Town under the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics to explore the ecological relationship between man and nature reflected by the novel, with the expectation that this thesis will further arouse people’s awareness to environmental issues, lead people to rethink the role that human and nature play respectively and provide a new research direction for ecological discourse analysis.

How the Media Constructs Namibian Tourism as Escapism for Global Traveler in Post-Pandemic Era

The Namibian tourism industry is gradually recovering from the pandemic's impact following the end of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2021. One of the things that is suspected to be a tourism booster is media information. This paper discussesthe construction of Namibian tourism in the Post-Pandemic Era by the media of the Namibia. This research selected the data sample from a website titled “Namibia Endless Horizons” which can be accessed through the official website address visitnambia.com.ina and used Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The result of the analysis, the media does not just convey information but at the same time constructs reality. The reality in this case is tourism in Namibia and the tagline that represents Namibia's image and identity to tourists. Although it is unavoidable that the identity and image of Africa through Liberating, Soul, Rugged, and Natural is to change the stigma that has always been associated with the continent. Namibia's "vastness", on the other hand, offers to unravel the saturation caused by stagnation caused by global pandemics in the last two years or so. Namibia is an escapism for global travelers.

Advanced practice nurse education in its infancy: an exploratory study of Norwegian higher education institutions’ program descriptions

ABSTRACT There is a growing worldwide interest in educating nurses at an advanced level. Advanced practice nursing (APN) refers to an umbrella term for master-educated nurses working within expanded nursing practice. Previous APN research has primarily addressed comparative characteristics of education globally and several aspects related to practice after graduation. This study aimed to explore how higher education institutions position and legitimize APN as an education requisite for nurses, the health care system, and society. Program descriptions of relevant educational programs in the Norwegian context were analyzed using documentary reality construction. The findings point to how APNs are positioned to have a prominent contextual perspective, which are given precedence over direct patient care, legitimized through descriptions of societal problems and demands. This paper argues that APNs are positioned to hold individual responsibility to solve unmet societal demands.

ПРОПАГАНДА ТА МЕДІАРЕАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ВЕДЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ВІЙНИ: ЛОКАЛЬНИЙ ВИМІР

<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the study is to </em><em>to consider the local dimension of propaganda as a component of media reality in modern public discourse and to clarify its functions and role in conducting information warfare.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology</em></strong><em>.</em> <em>The following methods were used in the research process: systematization, analysis and synthesis, comparison. </em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> </em><em>The analyzed source base reveals that the toolkit for constructing media reality in Russian propaganda materials includes the following elements: stereotypes, framing, selection method, manipulation of opinions, use of conflicts, storytelling, use of actions/actors, emphasis on violation of norms, propaganda methods, preferences, genre specificity, reporting elements, visual tools, etc. The study indicates that, unfortunately, there are many elements of Russian propaganda in the modern local dimension of media discourse. On the one hand, the messages of these propaganda materials are aimed at an audience with a lack of critical thinking and a low level of media literacy. However, the toxic content in the distribution of such messages in the temporarily occupied territories of the Zaporizhzhia region is also realized to a wider audience, since the residents of these cities and villages have no or almost no access to Ukrainian sources of information, have unstable communication, and are in an information vacuum. All these are favorable conditions for the effective spread of Russian messages in the minds of our fellow citizens.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance</em></strong><em>. </em><em>The results of the research can be used during courses related to the topics of propaganda, construction of media reality, modern history of Ukraine, journalism and social communications, in particular, for the specialties «Journalism», «Advertising and public relations», «Information business». In addition, they can be used as materials of informational and educational significance, a source base for further scientific and practical developments, as well as in the work of media workers to counter enemy propaganda in conditions of information warfare. Equally important is that they can form the basis of the formation of Ukraine’s strategic narrative.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><em>:</em><em> propaganda, media reality, fakes, narratives, information war, media literacy, key messages, temporarily occupied territories of Zaporizhzhia region, manipulation, fact-checking.</em></p>

Differentiation of self and relationship attachment, quality, and stability: A path analysis of dyadic and longitudinal data from Spanish and U.S. couples.

In the current study, we examined the relationship between differentiation of self (DoS) and key relationship functioning variables among couples. This is the first study to test such relationships using a cross-cultural longitudinal approach (i.e., samples from Spain and the U.S.) while controlling for stressful life events-a key theoretical construct in Bowen Family Systems Theory. A sample of 958 individuals (n = 137 couples from Spain, and n = 342 couples from U.S.) was used in cross sectional and longitudinal models to analyze the effects of a shared reality construct of DoS on anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, relationship stability, and relationship quality while considering gender and culture. Our cross-sectional results indicated that men and women from both cultures experienced an increase in DoS over time. DoS predicted increased relationship quality and stability and decreased anxious and avoidant attachment in U.S. participants. Longitudinally, DoS predicted increased relationship quality and decreased anxious attachment for Spanish women and men, while it predicted greater relationship quality and stability and decreased anxious and avoidant attachment of U.S. couples. Implications of these mixed findings are discussed. Higher levels of DoS are linked with a better couple relationship across time, despite varying levels of stressful life events. Although some cultural differences regarding the links between relationship stability and avoidant attachment exist, this positive link between differentiation and the couple relationship is mostly consistent across the U.S. and Spain. The implications and relevance for integration into research and practice are discussed.

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

DISCOURSE THEORY AS A METHODOLOGY FOR CONFLICTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES

The purpose of writing this paper is to identify methodological approaches to solving the fundamental scientific problem of conflictological analysis of regional development problems under the influence of ethno-political factors. In the context of the modern information age of the spread of new social media and a sharp increase in the role of the media, the most significant process is the discursive construction of social reality, which actualizes the consideration of discourse analysis methods as an explanatory model for the emergence and dynamics of conflicts, as a way to identify traditional and new factors influencing ethnopolitical processes in a multiethnic social environment.

Prevention of Identity Politics Through Multicultural Education

The importance of multicultural education for journalists to serve as a capital in perceiving the reality of facts to shape media reality to build the opinion of the electorate. The research method used is qualitative research with Entman framing analysis. The data collection method uses documentation in the form of news text published by Pacitanku.com and Lintas7.net regarding candidates in the 2020 Pacitan Pilkada. Data analysis uses Entman framing analysis with emphasis, prominence, definitions, explanations, moral reasons, and text recommendations in news discourse. The results of local online media research with emphasis and prominence using identity politics such as; the brother of SBY, Nahdatul Ulama, Gagarin, a member of Nahdatul Ulama, the struggle of clerics with inspiration to build Pacitan, SBY founding father of the Democratic Party, Indrata Nur Bayuaji is similar to Indartato 2020. Local online media framing in perceiving the candidates for regent and deputy regent of Pacitan still uses identity to build public opinion. Increase electability and vote support of candidates. The need for multiculturalism education, especially in local online media as agents of reality construction, by prioritizing the construction of work performance and the quality of candidates. Local online media must become guardians of information to provide useful messages for the welfare of citizens to maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia by upholding diversity.

Weaponising words: how IS constructs reality using Nasheed as a multi-purpose propaganda tool

ABSTRACT This paper discursively examines Nasheeds as a powerful propaganda tool used by the Islamic State. IS produced Nasheeds as a media stratagem during its territorial victories (boom) and defeats (bust). This paper aims to analyse how IS constructs its own version of reality to gain grounds among its in-group and sympathisers, and demoralise its out-group. This study fills a gap in research as Nasheeds have received limited attention, particularly on the discursive level, compared to other IS’ media products. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to draw a comparison between IS’ boom and bust Nasheeds. Twenty Nasheeds have been selected for a discussion covering the period from 2013 till 2019. Guided by van Dijk’s (2000, 2005, 2008) interdisciplinary socio-cognitive framework and ideological strategies, we propose a Reality Construction Model (RCM) consisting of 13 Reality Construction Strategies (RCSs) as well as 14 Reality Construction Tools (RCTs) deployed by the group to achieve its version of reality. Findings reveal similarities and differences in the usage of RCSs in boom and bust. The analysis revealed that Nasheeds aimed at magnifying and sanctifying its feats, agitating its operatives to take action, and demonising its adversaries.

Imagen y Poder: representaciones, discursos y politica en Iberoamerica

Through a conceptual work on the relevance of television news programs in the construction of imaginaries and ideologies, this paper aims to analyze the configuration of meanings that television news programs distribute on the social field and reflect on the way in which these meanings exert a symbolic power that contributes to the shaping of social reality and people's daily lives. Therefore, what is problematized here is the relationship between images, symbolic power and everyday life., focusing on the media construction of social reality and on the modus operandi of ideology that can be detected in the newscasts.

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Isu Rasisme Kematian George Floyd di CNNIndonesia.com Periode 28 Mei–29 Juni 2020

The mass media helps the community with one of its information demands. Information can be accessed by the public through mass communication channels like print, electronic, and online media. People from different nations can access information at a location that is hard to go to fast and easily using online media. similar to one of the circumstances of George Floyd's passing on May 25, 2020 in Minneapolis, United States. George Floyd is a very hot issue in a variety of internet media, including social media, because of how quickly and easily one may access online media. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the online news source CNN Indonesia.com presents the story about the racism controversy surrounding the American death of George Floyd (28 May-29 June 2020). The theory of Media Reality Construction and Reporting is applied in this study. Purposive sampling was employed in this study along with Robert N. Entman's framing model analytical methodology. First, the study finding indicates that racism is still pervasive in America. Second, the Trump administration has not done the best job of maximizing support for eradicating racism in the United States. Third, racism still exists in Hollywood, the country's main film business.
 Keywords: online media, the construct of media, framing, racism, Entman

Stereotypes and self-fulfilling prophecies in the Bayesian brain

ABSTRACT Stereotypes are often described as being generally inaccurate and irrational. However, for years, a minority of social psychologists has been proclaiming that stereotype accuracy is among the most robust findings in the field. This same minority also opposes the majority by questioning the power of self-fulfilling prophecies and thereby the construction of social reality. The present paper examines this long-standing debate from the perspective of predictive processing, an increasingly influential cognitive science theory. In this theory, stereotype accuracy and self-fulfilling prophecies are two sides of the same coin, namely prediction error minimisation, pointing to a new middle course between the two existing views. On the one hand, predictive processing indicates that depicting stereotypes as generally inaccurate runs counter to their actual purpose of making the social world predictable, which supports the minority view. On the other hand, predictive processing supposes that expectations, including stereotypes, permanently affect perception and behaviour and thereby co-construct social reality, which supports the majority view. Therefore, from a predictive processing perspective, stereotypes are largely rational and not per se inaccurate, and self-fulfilling prophecies are omnipresent and greatly affect social reality. This new middle course appears to fit the empirical data better than the two existing views.

Patterns of populist mobilization: comparing narratives on COVID-19 in the global South

Abstract This article explores the narratives shaping the official discourse on COVID-19 in five countries governed by populists in different world regions. It is based on the assumption that a crisis like the pandemic constitutes a perfect occasion for populist mobilization, allowing populist leaders to construct reality in their favour by deliberately promoting own narratives about the pandemic, its origin and management. Analyzing 357 original-language speeches and statements by representatives of the populist governments of Brazil, Israel, India, Mexico and Turkey, the article shows that populists in power use crises to mobilize support in very different ways. Surprisingly, most populist governments neither resorted to anti-scientific claims or conspiratorial discourses attributing the crisis to obscure elites, nor blamed minorities not belonging to the ‘true people’. By contrast, except for Bolsonaro in Brazil, all other populist governments tried to mobilize support by emphasizing the strength of the ‘people’ or even by promoting an inclusive discourse of national unity, leaving aside the more divisive elements of their general populist discourse. Based on the cases analysed, the article concludes by developing hypotheses on the possible drivers of such variations in patterns of populist mobilization.

Persepsi Guru Terhadap Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Dasar

The purpose of this study was to describe teachers' perceptions of the implementation of the independent curriculum in elementary schools. This research is a qualitative research. Qualitative research is research that explores and understands the meaning of a number of individuals or groups of people originating from social problems. Researchers construct reality and understand its meaning, so this research pays close attention to processes, events, and intensity. Respondents are elementary school teachers. Data collection through interviews. The main instrument of this research is the researcher supported by field notes. All data is collected and analyzed descriptively to obtain reliable and reliable findings. The results of the study show that: (1) the teacher's perception is positive and appreciates the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in elementary schools, (2) the teacher has an important role in the process of developing and implementing the curriculum in elementary schools and success in implementing the curriculum is very dependent on how intense the teacher is in implementing it. curriculum in class; (3) teachers have the ability to develop and apply curricula and design classes, in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning processes; (4) the lack of socialization and specific Bimtek training regarding the formation of Pancasila student profiles; (5) not all teachers in elementary schools apply the Merdeka Curriculum, (6) not all teachers have IT skills, and (7) the constraints in implementing the Independent Curriculum are due to the lack of stability of internet access, especially for remote schools whose geographical location makes it difficult to access the internet.

‘Put South Africans First’: Making Sense of an Emerging South African Xenophobic (Online) Community

With the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic in South Africa, a shift has taken place in the organisation of xenophobia as xenophobic activism has adapted to the pandemic and increasingly moved ‘online’. While a large scholarship on the various aspects of ‘offline’ xenophobia in contemporary South Africa has been produced, the recent intensification of online xenophobic activism during the pandemic remains an under-researched topic. The present study sets out to challenge this lack of attention given to online xenophobia in South Africa by conducting a 15-month digital ethnography of an emerging South African xenophobic (online) community, the so-called ‘Put South Africans First’ movement. Aiming to understand the narrative construction of social reality in this group, data gained from the Put South Africans First Facebook page were triangulated with interviews conducted with the leadership of the Put South Africans First movement. Two narratives that are constitutive for this group will be analysed: the story of the ‘harmfulness of Pan-Africanism’ and the conspiracy of a ‘modern-day slavery’. Drawing on a perspective that emphasises the entanglement between the emotional, the narrative and the digital in contemporary forms of xenophobia, the article exposes the working of these two key narratives. The narrative of the ‘harmfulness of Pan-Africanism’ draws on the recycling of colonial stereotypes, the affect of disgust, and on the technique of reappropriating and weaponising history. In contrast, the narrative of ‘modern-day slavery’ is fuelled by a belief in replacement conspiracies and a dystopic longing into the future, where future generations of South African children have become enslaved by ‘foreigners’. The article concludes by pointing out some of the specifics of the South African case in relation to xenophobic mobilisations in other parts of the world.

The use of mixed reality in construction

This article describes Mixed Reality and its differences from Virtual and Augmented Reality. The article also deals with the concrete use of Mixed Reality in the construction industry, which is checking the conformity of the real building and the designed model. As part of the article, this method of use was actually used on the construction site. The work describes the procedure for using Mixed Reality to check the match between the real building and the model. Obstacles and problem areas that were discovered during use and will be subject to further research are also described in the article.