Weaponising words: how IS constructs reality using Nasheed as a multi-purpose propaganda tool

Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper discursively examines Nasheeds as a powerful propaganda tool used by the Islamic State. IS produced Nasheeds as a media stratagem during its territorial victories (boom) and defeats (bust). This paper aims to analyse how IS constructs its own version of reality to gain grounds among its in-group and sympathisers, and demoralise its out-group. This study fills a gap in research as Nasheeds have received limited attention, particularly on the discursive level, compared to other IS’ media products. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to draw a comparison between IS’ boom and bust Nasheeds. Twenty Nasheeds have been selected for a discussion covering the period from 2013 till 2019. Guided by van Dijk’s (2000, 2005, 2008) interdisciplinary socio-cognitive framework and ideological strategies, we propose a Reality Construction Model (RCM) consisting of 13 Reality Construction Strategies (RCSs) as well as 14 Reality Construction Tools (RCTs) deployed by the group to achieve its version of reality. Findings reveal similarities and differences in the usage of RCSs in boom and bust. The analysis revealed that Nasheeds aimed at magnifying and sanctifying its feats, agitating its operatives to take action, and demonising its adversaries.