Travel Constraints Research Articles

Self-determined travel facilitation with mental construal priming

In order to encourage people with mobility impairments (PwMI) to become active tourists, it is crucial to enhance their self-determination for overcoming travel constraints. This study proposes mental construal priming as a relatively efficient approach to facilitating self-determined travel pursuits among PwMI. Two pretest-posttest web-based experiments within the context of accessible and inaccessible service support the construal-facilitating effect on self-determined travel motivations, particularly through moderating the relationships between autonomy/competence satisfaction and self-determined motivations. This study offers theoretical implications by bridging construal level theory and self-determination theory, and introduces a new perspective of utilizing mindset intervention to cultivate travel motivations. The context-based adoption of different construal priming programs is recommended to maximize facilitation effectiveness.

Future passenger air traffic modelling: a theoretical concept to integrate quality of travel, cost of travel and capacity constraints

Systems analysis requires the modelling of possible future evolutions of the global air transportation system (ATS) as alternative quantitative scenarios. The starting point is the external socio-economic scenarios from which the future realised air passenger demand at city pair level is estimated. From the demand networks successively passenger routes networks and aircraft movements networks are derived for future time steps. This paper shows in sample analyses the results of the global modelling approach at city pair level - applied to the socio-economic scenario of Jorgen Randers' '2052' (2012). Global frequency distributions are shown as a function of great circle distance for sample aircraft sizes at future time steps. The continuous modelling at city pair level from the very beginning and the thinking in successive aircraft generations are especially valuable for global climate impact assessments of spatially dependent non-CO2 emissions and needed to tackle the essence of the climate issue of civil aviation.

Future passenger air traffic modelling: a theoretical concept to integrate quality of travel, cost of travel and capacity constraints

Systems analysis requires the modelling of possible future evolutions of the global air transportation system (ATS) as alternative quantitative scenarios. The starting point is the external socio-economic scenarios from which the future realised air passenger demand at city pair level is estimated. From the demand networks successively passenger routes networks and aircraft movements networks are derived for future time steps. This paper shows in sample analyses the results of the global modelling approach at city pair level - applied to the socio-economic scenario of Jorgen Randers' '2052' (2012). Global frequency distributions are shown as a function of great circle distance for sample aircraft sizes at future time steps. The continuous modelling at city pair level from the very beginning and the thinking in successive aircraft generations are especially valuable for global climate impact assessments of spatially dependent non-CO2 emissions and needed to tackle the essence of the climate issue of civil aviation.

Modernist Resistance to the Surveillance State

Bridget Chalk’s Modernism and Mobility: The Passport and Cosmopolitan Experience (2014) is the first book-length study in the field of literary passport studies. Asserting that scholarship on exile and modern literature has generally ignored the travel constraints imposed on the traveler in the modern period, Chalk seeks to check the easy acceptance of cosmopolitan modernism by drawing attention to the bureaucratic apparatuses neglected in this discourse. Blending biographical criticism with close readings of texts and correspondence, Chalk argues that modernist writers resist the narrow juridical narrative of individual identity imposed by the passport system by reinserting agency into the process of identification. The book’s primary subjects are modernist writers D.H. Lawrence, Gertrude Stein, Claude McKay, Jean Rhys, and Christopher Isherwood; Chalk’s nuanced close readings of their interwar writing opens up compelling new interpretations of the texts she has chosen, with implications beyond them.

A multilevel analysis of the effects of wine destination attributes on travel constraints and revisit intention

Purpose The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the moderating effects wine destination attributes have upon the negative impacts of travel constraints on consumer’s intent to revisit wine regions and also assist wine destinations with the development of marketing strategies designed to offset travel constraints which then could lead to increased intentions to revisit wine regions. Design/methodology/approach A sampling frame was designed to collect data from consumers visiting 15 wineries using a list of wineries provided by an industry distributor. Self-administered on-site surveys were distributed to visitors during random days and times at each site. To effectively analyze this study’s data set, hierarchical linear models were developed to test our main research question suggesting the significant cross-level effects wine destination attributes (at the regional level) have upon travel constraints in combination with revisit intention (at the individual level). Findings The negative impact of the “structural” constraints’ dimension on revisit intention is weaker when people are emotionally attracted to a specific wine destination and/or when wine-specific attractions appeal strongly to visitors. Additionally, the negative impact of the “intrapersonal” constraints on “revisit intention” is weaker when positive perceptions about “wine-specific attractions” and/or “tourism infrastructure” attributes are strong. Practical implications Results provide strategic directions for wine destination marketing organizations to more accurately improve their destination’s reputation by determining and establishing the most attractive wine-specific attributes as perceived by visitors. Findings also assist these destinations to develop and provide appropriate tourism infrastructure. Originality/value This study investigated the effects of wine destination attributes and their attractiveness upon an individual’s travel constraints and revisit intention using a multilevel approach incorporating a regional-based perspective.

Understanding Mainland Chinese Tourists’ Motivation and Constraints of Visiting Taiwan

ABSTRACTChina has been by far the fastest growing source market in recent years and is now the largest tourism source market in the world. Mainland Chinese travelers were permitted to directly visit Taiwan in 2008. Within a short period of time, the Mainland Chinese travel market has become the top source market for Taiwan’s tourism industry. However, limited attention has been paid to the travel behavior of this significant market, such as why Mainland Chinese travelers visit Taiwan and why do they not. Using interviews, this study identified a list of motivation factors and travel constraint factors. Three themes, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors, influenced Mainland Chinese tourists’ intention to visit Taiwan. In particular, contextual factors, such as ‘the cross-strait relations’ between Mainland China and Taiwan, play a key role in influencing tourists’ visit intention. Like two sides of the same coin, ‘the cross-strait relations’ could be a facilitator to attract Mainland Chinese tourists or an inhibitor to stop Mainland Chinese visiting Taiwan.

Engaging Volunteers From Regional Communities: Non-Host City Resident Perceptions Towards a Mega-Event and the Opportunity to Volunteer

Sport events can be leveraged by a number of different stakeholders. The current research positions a mega-event as a leverageable asset within a regional community outside of the host city. Specifically, this study investigated regional community (i.e., Townsville) resident perceptions of a mega-event (i.e., 2018 Commonwealth Games) to be hosted elsewhere in the state (i.e., The Gold Coast). Nonhost city resident perceptions towards the event and towards the potential of volunteering at the event were explored 4 years before the event. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups within the non-host city. The results revealed an existent rivalry between the host and non-host community, and a perceived lack of benefit to the non-host region. Further, non-host city resident perceptions towards volunteering at the event included: travel constraints, lack of awareness, volunteer packages, national pride, once in a lifetime experience, and meeting new people from overseas. The results provide implications for managers and government funders of mega-sport events to provide benefits to regional communities. Further, the results provide implications for volunteer managers at mega-sport events to engage members from regional communities through volunteering.

Barriers to Recruiting Men Into Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Programs in Rural Areas

Chronic disease is becoming increasingly prevalent in Canada. Many of these diseases could be prevented by adoption of healthy lifestyle habits including physical activity and healthy eating. Men, especially those in rural areas, are disproportionately affected by chronic disease. However, men are often underrepresented in community-based chronic disease prevention and management (CDPM) programs, including those that focus on physical activity and/or healthy eating. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of program delivery staff regarding the challenges in recruitment and participation of men in physical activity and healthy eating programs in rural communities, and suggestions for improvement. Semistructured interviews were conducted by telephone with 10 CDPM program delivery staff from rural communities in Southwest Ontario, Canada. Time and travel constraints, relying on spouses, and lack of male program leaders were cited as barriers that contributed to low participation levels by men in CDPM programs. Hiring qualified male instructors and engaging spouses were offered as strategies to increase men's participation. The results of this study highlight many of the current issues faced by rural health organizations when offering CDPM programming to men. Health care organizations and program delivery staff can use the recommendations in this report to improve male participation levels.

Integrating tourist packages and tourist attractions for personalized trip planning based on travel constraints

In recent years, with the upgrading of mobile positioning and the popularity of smart devices, location related research gets a lot of attentions. One of popular issues is the trip planning problem. Although many related scientific or technical literature have been proposed, most of them focused only on tourist attraction recommendation or arrangement meeting some user demands. In fact, to grasp the huge tourism opportunities, more and more tour operators design tourist packages and provide to users. Generally, tourist packages have many advantages such as cheaper ticket price and higher transportation convenience. However, researches on trip planning combining tourist packages have not been mentioned in the past studies. In this research, we present a new approach named Package-Attraction-based Trip Planner (PAT-Planner) to simultaneously combine tourist packages and tourist attractions for personalized trip planning satisfying users' travel constraints. In PAT-Planner, we first based on user preferences and temporal characteristics to design a Score Inference Model for respectively measuring the score of a tourist package or tourist attraction. Then, we develop the Hybrid Trip-Mine algorithm meeting user travel constraints for personalized trip planning. Besides, we further propose two improvement strategies, namely Score Estimation and Score Bound Tightening, based on Hybrid Trip-Mine to speed up the trip planning efficiency. As far as we know, our study is the first attempt to simultaneously combine tourist packages and tourist attractions on trip planning problem. Through a series of experimental evaluations and case studies using the collected Gowalla datasets, PAT-Planner demonstrates excellent planning effects.

Using an intersectionality perspective to uncover older Chinese female's perceived travel constraints and negotiation strategies

This study employed an intersectionality perspective to examine older Chinese female's perceived constraints to pleasure travel and how they negotiated through constraints while accounting for multiple intersected identities of age (older), gender (females), and race (Asian-Chinese). Results showed that eight types of constraints impact their travel behavior: “limited knowledge of tourism,” “health and safety concerns,” “culture shock,” “lack of travel partners,” “low quality service facilities,” “limited availability of information,” “negative reputation of tour guide,” and “few employer-paid vacations.” Study participants also discussed how they negotiated through constraints using strategies, i.e., “word-of-mouth advertising,” “group travel with friends,” “donkey travel,” “finding partners through square dancing,” “children's support,” and “being motivated to taste organic foods and breath fresh air.” The findings provided a glimpse into potential modifications to constraint theory and revealed how tourism marketers can target and serve older female tourists in China by providing opportunities for them to negotiate through constraints.

Political travel constraint: The role of Chinese popular nationalism

ABSTRACTThis study extends the leisure constraint model by examining the role that popular nationalism has in Chinese outbound travel. Using a case study approach based on the 2012 Diaoyu/Senkaku Island Incident between China and Japan, the study demonstrates how Chinese popular nationalism has the potential to shape the geopolitical environment of all outbound Chinese tourism. The study proposes a new model that can be used to illustrate how popular nationalism may affect bilateral tourism in other settings. Findings of this study offer important insights for both scholars and practitioners contributing to the understanding of the impact of Chinese popular nationalism on bilateral tourism flows.

Actuator Constrained Motion Cueing Algorithm for a Redundantly Actuated Stewart Platform

An improved method to provide a motion trajectory for full flight simulator to simulate the acceleration during a flight simulation is presented. The motion cueing trajectory is based on a constrained optimization problem, with the generated optimal acceleration cues subjected to the actuators travel constraints of the motion platform. The motion platform researched in this contribution is a redundantly actuated parallel manipulator, therefore the available workspace is more limited and the actuator constraints become more complex. The differential kinematic analysis is utilized in the optimization problem to define the relationship of the acceleration in the platform coordinate and in the actuator coordinates. An acceleration profile is defined in function of the actuator travel to create a strict acceleration constraint in the actuator coordinate, thus a strict travel constraint. The algorithm is tested in a simulation and implemented in a full size redundantly actuated motion platform. Measurement results show that the proposed new motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is able to keep the actuators within their travel limit and at the same time provide the correct motion cues for the simulator pilots. The need to tune the MCA for the worst case scenario which is necessary to avoid damage to the platform, while at the same time can be disadvantageous for the normal case use, is relieved by the utilization of the online optimization process.

Examining Chinese College Students’ Intention to Travel to Japan Using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior: Testing Destination Image and the Mediating Role of Travel Constraints

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the decision-making process and predicting travel behavior are critical for destination tourism marketers. This study develops and tests a structural equation model using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explain Chinese college students’ intention to travel to Japan. Ten hypotheses were proposed regarding the relationships between destination image, travel constraints, and the original TPB constructs. The results of structural analyses reveal that the extended TPB has better predictive power for travel intention to Japan than the original one. Attitude is found to have the greatest impact on intention to travel to Japan. The mediating role of travel constraints shows a significantly negative effect on the relationships between the predictors and travel intention except for the relationship between perceived behavioral control and travel intention. The results of this study can help improve marketing promotions and the development of more effective destination positioning strategies for Japanese inbound tourism.

Acceptability Conditions for Telemonitoring Gerontechnology in the Elderly: Optimising the Development and Use of This New Technology

The question of accommodation is crucial for the elderly; most of them wish to stay at home as long as possible [1]. The concept of “living at home” [2] is for them synonymous with well-being because it allows them to maintain their lifestyle and social ties with their family and friends. However, a problem arises because of the gradual deterioration of their abilities; hence the need for them to remain at home in optimal safety conditions. In order to fully protect this demographic; telemonitoring gerontechnology appears to be a future solution to this problem, while improving comfort of life, management, autonomy and eliminating the constraints of travel and distance. While the utility of this technology has been demonstrated, the focus here is on the fact that the conditions for development and use of this technology involve user acceptability and the ability to meet their expectations.

Treatment Attendance Among Veterans With Depression, Substance Use Disorder, and Trauma

ABSTRACTObjective: Low attendance in psychotherapy, particularly among individuals with comorbid disorders, is a pervasive challenge. The present study examined predictors of treatment attendance in a sample of veterans with depression, substance use disorder, and trauma. Methods: This is an analysis of data collected as part of a larger clinical trial involving outpatients at a Veterans Administration dual diagnosis clinic. Individuals were excluded if they had significant memory deficits, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or substantial travel constraints. Participants (N = 146) received 12 weeks of group-delivered integrated cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and substance use, followed by randomization to 12 additional weeks of individually delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 62) or cognitive processing therapy (n = 61) modified to address substance use and trauma. Participants, therapists, and researchers were not blinded to group assignment. For this study, we included only the 123 participants who were randomized into the second phase, analyzing predictors of treatment attendance categorized into predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors. Results: Participants were primarily male (89%) and Caucasian (76%) and averaged 47 years old (SD = 12). Forty-four percent had alcohol use disorder, 16% had drug use disorder, and 40% had polysubstance use disorder. Most met criteria for PTSD (82%), with 44% having combat-related trauma, 33% sexual trauma, and 28% other trauma. Treatment attendance did not differ between groups. More education was associated with increased group (r = .19, p = .04) and individual session attendance (r = .28, p = .002). Individuals with chronic housing problems attended fewer group sessions (r = −.19, p = .04), while individuals with sexual trauma, compared to those with other traumas, attended more individual sessions (r = .23, p = .01). Number of group sessions attended was positively associated with individual session attendance. Conclusions: Few variables were significantly predictive of treatment attendance, possibly due to the complex nature of comorbid disorders. Including a focus on trauma was not associated with lower attendance. Special consideration may need to be given to education level, homelessness, and trauma when trying to engage and retain patients with comorbid disorders in treatment. This clinical trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00958217.

Maintaining Mobility in Substantial Urban Growth Futures

Integrated land use/transport models traditionally follow a simple integration concept: The land use model provides the origins and destinations of trips, and the travel demand model provides aggregate travel times between zones. High levels of congestion and the limitation of travel budgets, however, require travelers to scrutinize travel options and housing locations more carefully. In this paper, a microscopic integration of land use and transport models is proposed that – for the first time – is capable of capturing travel times and constraints at the level of the individual traveler. This level of integration allows choosing housing locations from which workplaces of all household members are accessible. In addition, discretionary travel can be limited to a household's travel budget after mandatory trips have been completed. The model is expected to represent travel and housing location choice constraints more realistically under high congestion/high cost scenarios.

The social construction of tourism online destination image: A comparative semiotic analysis of the visual representation of Seoul

This study examines the destination image of Seoul as represented by photographs online, and compares it to the traditional projected image found in printed brochures and guidebooks by replicating a previous study. Using visual semiotics, the social construction of tourism online destination image is investigated in terms of denotative and connotative signs. Using language-specific keyword searches, ‘Seoul travel’ on Naver, Google and Baidu, three demographic perspectives were examined including Korean, international English speaking and, Chinese. It was found that these different online contexts represent Seoul in different ways. Naver represents Seoul in more detail; Google and Baidu represent a mix of other destinations with Seoul connoting differences in perception, or reflecting the constraints of individual or group travel. The major findings suggest that the organic online self-representation of individual travel experiences by travelers, makes tourism as a soft power more effective, by supplementing the projected image of Seoul.

INTRA-URBAN MOVEMENT FLOW ESTIMATION USING LOCATION BASED SOCIAL NETWORKING DATA

Abstract. In recent years, there has been a rapid growth of location-based social networking services, such as Foursquare and Facebook, which have attracted an increasing number of users and greatly enriched their urban experience. Location-based social network data, as a new travel demand data source, seems to be an alternative or complement to survey data in the study of mobility behavior and activity analysis because of its relatively high access and low cost. In this paper, three OD estimation models have been utilized in order to investigate their relative performance when using Location-Based Social Networking (LBSN) data. For this, the Foursquare LBSN data was used to analyze the intra-urban movement behavioral patterns for the study area, Manhattan, the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York city. The outputs of models are evaluated using real observations based on different criterions including distance distribution, destination travel constraints. The results demonstrate the promising potential of using LBSN data for urban travel demand analysis and monitoring.

Understanding Travel Constraints Among the Elderly in Hong Kong: A Comparative Study of the Elderly Living in Private and in Public Housing

ABSTRACTThis study aims to test the influence of constraints on travel of the elderly in Hong Kong and to compare perceived travel constraints of Hong Kong seniors in public and in private housing based on the hierarchical leisure constraints model. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were conducted from December 2013 to April 2014. A total of 415 participants completed the interview successfully. Despite sharing the similar factor structure of the leisure constraints model, the two groups varied significantly in travel behavior, six constraint items, and seven regression paths.

The Roles of Perceived Travel Benefits, Importance, and Constraints in Predicting Travel Behavior

Previous studies have demonstrated the experiential, health, and relaxation benefits of leisure travel. Building on the model of attitude importance, this research further examined how Americans perceive travel benefits and how their perceptions influence their travel behavior. The results showed that the three factors of travel benefits—experiential, health, and relaxation benefits, had positive effects on frequency of travel through perceived importance of traveling. These findings suggest that the tourism industry can encourage the public to purchase more tourism services by showing them tourism provides benefits beyond satisfaction and enjoyment. However, it was also found that perceived travel constraints had negative effects on travel behavior through perceived travel benefits and importance of traveling, which suggests that it is crucial for employers to understand the benefits of travel and encourage their employees to use their vacation days.