Constitutional Peculiarities Research Articles

ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ПУБЕРТАТНИХ КРОВОТЕЧ У ДІВЧАТ ЮНАЦЬКОГО ВІКУ РІЗНИХ МОРФОТИПІВ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ).

<p>У статті представлений аналіз літератури за останні роки, пов'язаної саме з вивченням пубертатних маткових кровотеч у дівчат юнацького віку. Проблема пубертатних кровотеч у дівчат юнацького віку різних морфотипів не вивчалась і є актуальною. Оскільки функціональні порушення репродуктивної функції починають формуватися саме в пубертатному періоді, то і доцільним є вивчення репродуктивного потенціалу дівчат юнацького<br />віку з пубертатними кровотечами. Незважаючи на успіхи, яких досягнуто на сьогодні, стосовно лікування пубертатних маткових кровотеч, залишаються значні труднощі в ризику розвитку та діагностиці пубертатних кровотеч у дівчат юнацького віку. Сучасні науково обґрунтовані алгоритми диференціювальної лікувальної тактики та визначення тривалості консервативного лікування є дискутабельними, а питання діагностики невирішеними. Тому потрібна розробка сучасних методів ризику розвитку та діагностики пубертатних маткових кровотеч у дівчат юнацького віку з різними конституціональними особливостями організму.<br /><br /></p>

PECULIARITIES OF CRANIUM STRUCTURE IN CHILDREN AGED 7-10 WITH CROSS OCCLUSION AND TRANSVERSAL LOWER JAW DISPLACEMENT ACCORDING TO ROENTGENOCEPHALOMETRIC DATA OF DIRECT HEAD TELEROENTGENOGRAMS

Aim. To determine the peculiarities of bone visceral cranium structure constitution in children aged 7-10 with cross occlusion and transversal lower jaw displacement according to roentgenocephalometric data of direct teleroentgenogram of the head. Materials and methods. The results of roentgenocephalometric analysis of direct head teleroentgenograms of 60 children aged 7-10 with cross occlusion and transversal displacement of the lower jaw are presented in the paper. Parameters characterizing different anomalies in bone cranium structure constitution were determined. Results. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the degree of the lower jaw side displacement. Group 1 included 38 (63,3±6,2%) children with degree 1 lower jaw displacement; group 2 consisted of 12 (20±5,2%) children with degree 2 lower jaw displacement; group 3-10 (16,7±4,8%) children with degree 3 lower jaw displacement. Conclusion. Thus, no direct dependence between the bone structure constitution of maxillofacial region and the degree of their asymmetry with increase in transversal displacement of the lower jaw was noted.

ЖИВАЯ МАССА У ОВЕЦ КАЗАХСКОЙ МЯСОШЕРСТНОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПРИ СЕЗОННОМ СОДЕРЖАНИИ НА ПАСТБИЩАХ РАЗНОГО ТИПА

In the course of animal growth and development, there are expressed both bred and special traits, and also the individual peculiarities of constitution, exterior and productivity which characterize the animal pedigree. Thus, studying growth and development contributes both to rearing and breeding technologies. The seasonal changes of body weight could be used to characterize the animal growth rate, feeding, metabolism, early maturation and health. Besides, basing on the body weight, it is possible to estimate the animal adaptation to environment. We compared the seasonal changes of body weight in Kazakh meat-wool sheep Aksenger females of different constitutional types pastured at different climatic zones of Zailiy Alatau (Kazakhstan Republic). The body weight was shown to vary considerably both under pasturing in semi-desert zone and at foothills, and to depend more on season if compared to constitutional type. It was the highest in summer and autumn, and 20-25 % lower in winter and spring. In semi-desert zone, the sheep were more influenced when fodder became worse and limited. As to practical point of view, that resulted from no measures on restoring the pasture productivity during winter and spring and also from limited reserves of coarse and concentrated fodder at the pastures where sheep are kept in winter.

CONSTITUTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF COSTODIAPHRAGMATIC PLEURAL RECESS

Aim. The work is devoted to studying of constitutional peculiarities of costodiaphragmatic pleural recess for development of an optimal excess when performing thoracoscopy in patients with basal empyemic pleura. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 75 male corpses of the second period of mature age of brachymorphic, mesomorphic and dolichomorphic constitution types. Results. The width of V–XI intercostals spaces in the costodiaphragmatic recess projection was determined, the depth of costodiaphragmatic recess for every type of constitution was studied. The authors conducted comparative topographic-anatomical assessment of thoracocenteses fulfilled in the IV–IX intercostals spaces by the axillary lines from the position of reaching an optimal parameters of operative availability. Conclusion. On the basis of the obtained results the optimal places of carrying out an operative access while performing endoscopic sanation of costodiaphragmatic pleural recess were found.

Psychological Adaptation Potential of the Personality: Peculiarities of Event-Related EEG Potentials

In a group of 68 adults of both sexes, we examined correlations between the level of psychological adaptability of the personality (diagnosed using the Maklakov questionnaire) and parameters of event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in the course of performance of two behavioral test acts including a motor component. In task A, it was necessary to maximally rapidly press the button after an imperative signal preceded by a warning signal, while a definite time interval (limited by two pressings of the button) should be measured in task B. Parameters of the contingent negative variation, CNV, potential P300 and, in task B, readiness potential, RP, were measured in C3 and C4 leads. High amplitudes of ERPs (RP, P300, and CNV in task A) and smaller variability of the indices of working efficiency corresponded, in the whole, to higher estimates of psychological adaptability in general and of separate aspects of the latter estimated according to the scales of the used questionnaire. Probable mechanisms of the peculiarities of neurodynamic constitution determining the level of the psychological adaptability of the individual, on the one hand, and of the ERP parameters, on the other hand, are discussed.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL APPROACH IN RISK’S PREDICTION OF DEVELOPMENT DISEASES WITH HEREDITARY PREDISPOSITION

In the article authors produced and generalized data which were accumulated during the last few years about constitutional peculiarities of an individual as a genetic marker of predisposition to different kinds of diseases including those that have hereditary basis. The analysis was done to learn about possibility of using these markers for formation of high-risk group with the purpose of prenosological diagnostics of particular diseases.

Interrelations between Peculiarities of the Motivational Sphere of a Personality and Characteristics of the Current EEG

In a group of 70 adult subjects of both sexes, we estimated the levels of the need for achievement and its motivation (interpreted as generalized characteristics of the state of the motivational sphere of a personality and diagnosed using questionnaires of Orlov and Mehrabian) and examined the correlations of these estimates with spectral powers (SPs) of the frequency components (rhythms) of the current background EEG (С3 and С4 leads according to the 10–20 system). Despite the fact that naturally high interindividual variability exists, high estimates of the need for achievement correlated with medium values of the SPs of most EEG frequency components (δ, θ, α, and β1 rhythms), low SPs of the β2 and γ rhythms, and higher values of the coefficient of reactivity (CR) of the α rhythm. A high level of the need for achievement corresponded to higher SPs of the θ and γ rhythms and high CR of the α rhythm, a medium SP of this EEG component, and lower SPs of the δ and β rhythms. The coefficient of interhemisphere asymmetry of the α rhythm was the highest at low values of the studied psychological indices. Interrelations that we found in our study can be explained as follows: both the characteristics of the need for achievement and motivation typical of a certain personality and the amplitude parameters of the EEG rhythms observed in this individual depend significantly on genetically determined factors (in particular, on neurochemical ones). These peculiarities of neurodynamic constitution of the individual are, to a considerable extent, due to the specificity of organization and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (aminergic, in particular) and neurohumoral systems.

Data Sharing across the Atlantic

Government tend to be reluctant to submit their policies to democratic oversight, but in the US the Congress and the judiciary ultimately can and will hold the administration to account. Due to its constitutional peculiarities, however, Europe lacks adequate mechanisms for scrutinizing EU law enforcement and security policies: there's neither a European executive to hold accountable nor any way to hold the 27 member states' national governments to count for EU federal policies. Collecting each category of personal data might not individually constitute unacceptable violation at our privacy; but the cumulated measures of data collection and other observation mechanisms lead to a near complete surveillance of all citizens

MODERN PRINCIPLES OF DISPENSARY SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN WITH SPINE DEFORMITIES IN REMOTE REGIONS

Objective. To analyze the efficacy of dispensary system for children with spine deformities in remote regions of Western Siberia. Material and Methods. Total of 4400 children at the age of 6 to 16 years were screened being divided into three groups: 1 – children of aborigines residing in habitual country-side; 2 – children of aborigines residing in towns; 3 – children of migrants. Control group included 2200 schoolchildren from Novosibirsk City. A posture and a spine shape were evaluated by Computer Optical Topograph (COMOT). Screening and monitoring of children living in remote villages was performed in expeditions with mobile version of COMOT. Results. Children of Group 1 have the smallest degree of spine deformity. This group presented the lowest incidence of scoliosis, absence of severe forms, and the largest number of healthy children (18.8 %). There were the smallest figures (3.63°) of spine curvature and the lowest index (0.62) of arch lateral tilt among overall sample in this group. The spine curvature in this group is the smallest (3.63°) from that of the whole sample, as well as the lowest index of lateral arch deviation (0.62). In accordance with standard topographic criteria for assessing posture disorder and spine deformity in three planes only 4.7 % of all examined children and adolescents were healthy and had a balanced posture. Children of aborigines have the most balanced posture and the smallest degree of spine deformity. Conclusion. Revealing of risk territories and factors, and possible zoning of spine pathology distribution are the priorities of preventive spine medicine. Account must be taken of territorial risk factors and peculiarities of aborigine constitution when specialized medical care is organized in remote regions.

The Esh Family: Officeholding and Landed Society in the Palatinate of Durham in the Earlier Fourteenth Century

The prominent role of the gentry in late medieval local administration has long been acknowledged, and studies of officeholding have been central to the identification and understanding of that social group. Local administration in the liberty of Durham, however, was very different. The liberty's constitutional peculiarities meant that fewer prestigious offices were available to local gentry; furthermore, local office was controlled not by the king, but by the bishop of Durham, who was free to appoint men of relatively low status for extended terms. As a result, many of the liberty's gentry, and the majority of its greater families, had little formal involvement in its administration, which was dominated instead by a small corps of professionals for whom office provided rapid advancement in local society. This paper provides a detailed account of a family that produced several such professionals, who were extremely prominent in the liberty's administration in the first half of the fourteenth century. Their careers illuminate the workings of patronage and lordship in the liberty, and demonstrate the substantial impact of the liberty's distinctive administration on the structure and identity of the local political community. They also suggest some tentative wider conclusions about the relationship between officeholding and gentility.

Constitution and Reactivity of the Organism

A new principle of somatotyping according to the set of the most informative anthropometric indices is offered. For the first time we carried out a comparative analysis of anthropometric indices of physical development, of cardiovascular system functioning and its vegetative regulation for the representatives of different somatotypes. The purpose of the analysis was to define constitutional peculiarities of adaptation reactions in young males and females to the deficiency of vital macro- and microelements in soils and drinkable water of the Southern region of Belarus. Typological specificity of organism reactivity to the unfavorable geochemical situation of the Southern region of Belarus was revealed in young males and females in different degrees of tension in adaptation processes. The suggested approach to somatotyping has allowed us to define more precisely the constitutional properties of organism reactivity in a discomfort environment.

Factors of eczema chronization in elder children

As many as 3000 children aged 12 to 18 living in the places with the established difference of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of atmospheric pollution are examined by the entire method. The incidence, age and sex structure of eczema depending on the degree of atmospheric pollution as well as the contribution of factors providing the chronic course of eczema are determined. Hereditary and constitutional peculiarities and digestion organs pathology have a significant effect. Nearly 20% of the contribution of factors are connected with prolonged unfavourable effect of enviropment living conditions and atmospheric pollutants.

CHILDREN'S PARTIES

CHILDREN'S PARTIES are among the many peculiarities of our present social life. Doubtless children have always more or less had their parties, but the scale and style of them at the present day are something quite peculiar. The little guests are summoned 2 or 3 weeks beforehand, probably by gilt-edged circulars, and in terms formal and complimentary. They assemble in the evening and stay well on towards midnight. We shall leave to others the consideration of the moral consequences to the juvenile mind of this early acquaintance with all the forms of fashionable society and shall confine ourselves to a consideration of the physical consequences, which we take to be injurious and undesirable. Children are excited beforehand and still more at the time. They are dressed insufficiently; they dance themselves into great fatigue; they eat and drink at late evening hours what would try their digestion badly enough in its midday vigour; and, worst of all, they lose from 2 to 6 hours' sleep. The ulterior consequences of this entire disarrangement of their habits and their functions are paleness, languor, and the development of various other ailments, according to the constitutional peculiarities of the children. By all means let children have their own gatherings, but let them be within reasonable hours. Let food be simple, dress sufficient and warm, and above all let not the previous hours of sleep be curtailed just when, by reason of excitement and exhaustion, they need to be extended. We have heard of simpler nations than ours, which have their children's gatherings in the early afternoon, at which the repast is plain and which break up when ours are beginning. English parents should imitate this simplicity. What pleasure are children to get out of society when they become young men and women, if they are to be satiated and exhausted with formal and late evening parties when they have barely got into their teens?

Some Assumed Determiners of Teachers’ Attitudes

The sources of an individual's point of view on controversial, phil osophic, educational and social issues have been variously sought in con stitutional peculiarities of temperament, the accidents of personal ex periences and the pressures exercised by organized groups upon their members. A deterministic psychology has not favored the notion that people's opinions about unresolved human problems have generally been reached by careful preliminary examination of all available evidence with the final judgment the inevitable outcome of the interplay of facts and relations. Instead it is held that an attitude?whether it be a broad general orientation or a specific response to a limited situation?is a func tion of the nature, history and affiliations of the organism, and conse quently causally correlated with such factors. An approach akin to that just described was used in organizing and interpreting the results of a national survey of the social attitudes and information of American secondary school teachers.1 Assuming that we have a defensible measure2 of the liberalism-conservatism of a given group of teachers, what fluctuations in this variable occur when instruc tors are classified according to other discriminable traits ? Most of these assumed correlates may prove to be relatively unimportant influences, but it is only by searching along a fairly wide front that the truly decisive ''forces can possibly be revealed. It seemed desirable to determine what effect, if any, the different sub

THE RELATIVITY OF PSYCHOGENIC AND OF CONSTITUTIONAL FACTORS

Whatever divergencies of view there may be among different schools of psychopathology, there is agreement concerning the fact that in the development of psychopathologic conditions both the constitutional make-up of the person and his past and present experiences take a part. The most ardent advocates of hereditary influences have to admit that the situational circumstances of a person's life cannot be left out in the scientific analysis of any clinical picture. On the other hand, those who see in immediate situational and more deep-lying psychogenic factors the mainspring of psychopathic states have to rely on constitutional peculiarities to explain the special type or form which the reaction takes. The difficulty and the point of disagreement lie in the more precise evaluation of these factors. It is exceedingly difficult to arrive at general guiding-lines which would allow the estimation of the relative value to be attributed to these two factors in