Herbal Constituents Research Articles

The Prospects of Phytomedicines and Nanomedicines to Treat Leishmaniasis: A Comprehensive Review.

The global shift in lifestyle has prompted health agencies to redirect their focus from poverty-related diseases to the emergence of lifestyle diseases prevalent in privileged regions. As a result, these diseases have been labeled as "neglected diseases," receiving limited research attention, funding, and resources. Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) encompass a diverse group of vector-borne protozoal diseases that are prevalent in tropical areas worldwide. Among these NTDs is leishmaniasis, a disease that affects populations globally and manifests as skin abnormalities, internal organ involvement, and mucous-related abnormalities. Due to the lack of effective and safe medicines and vaccines, it is crucial to explore alternative resources. Phytomedicine, which comprises therapeutic herbal constituents with anti-leishmanial properties, holds promise but is limited by its poor physicochemical properties. The emerging field of nanomedicine has shown remarkable potential in revitalizing the anti-leishmanial efficacy of these phytoconstituents. In this investigation, we aim to highlight and discuss key plant constituents in combination with nanotechnology that have been explored in the fight against leishmaniasis.

Network pharmacological mechanism analysis and evidence-based medical validation of Dahuang Mudan Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Dahuang Mudan Decoction is commonly used in China for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Nevertheless, the therapeutic efficacy of the drug remains a subject of debate, and its active ingredients and potential therapeutic targets remain to be determined. The present study used a network pharmacological approach to investigate the active ingredients and possible targets of the drug, and illustrated the clinical effectiveness of Dahuang Mudan Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis by meta-analysis. The present study investigated the active ingredients of the constituent herbs of Dahuang Mudan Decoction using the TCMID database. In order to further identify molecular targets, Swiss Target Prediction, OMIM and Genecards databases was be used. The present study used metascape database for gene ontology function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia pathway enrichment analysis. A gene interaction network diagram was established for predicting the main targets and mechanism of action to Dahuang Mudan Decoction for acute pancreatitis. To further illustrate the validity of the gene targets and the clinical efficacy of the drug, 13 relevant studies were included for meta-analysis and analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.4 software. After a thorough screening process, the present study identified three main components of Dahuang Mudan Decoction: kaempferol, quercetin and eupatin. These three major components have the potential to target 5 important proteins: AKT1, TNF-a, IL-6, TP53, HIF1A. In addition, pathway analyses by the Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia showed that Dahuang Mudan Decoction is active through the Pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc signaling pathway to act on acute pancreatitis. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had superior performance in terms of overall treatment efficacy, reduction of hospital stays and inflammatory factor levels after treatment. In summary, network pharmacological studies have shown that Dahuang Mudan Decoction affects acute pancreatitis through different components, targets, and mechanisms. In addition, the meta-analysis study strongly supported the effectiveness of Dahuang Mudan Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Formulation and evaluation of phytosomes containing bioactive from Carica papaya seeds

Background: Papaya seeds are a rich source of proteins, fat, fibers, vitamins, minerals, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and powerful antioxidants like flavonoids. Low solubility limits the absorption and bioavailability of herbal constituents. Hence, phytosomes of Papaya seed extract were formulated to enhance its solubility and bioavailability. Methodology: Papaya seeds were extracted using ethanol as solvent, and all the phytoconstituents present in the extract were assessed during the phytochemical screening and LC-MS analysis. In-vitro antidiabetic activity pure extract was determined by alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory assay. The phytosomes of extract were formulated using the lipid thin film formation method and Soya lecithin and Cholesterol as lipids. The formulated phytosomes were analyzed for parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, percent drug content, and In-vitro dissolution study. The chemical nature of the formulation was studied using FTIR analysis and powder X-ray diffractometry. Thermal stability of phytosomes analyzed with the help of Differential Scanning calorimetry. Results: LC-MS identified 16 phytoconstituents. In-vitro antidiabetic activity showed 59.97% and 51.17% inhibition of enzymes alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of the optimized formulation was 88.41±0.91% with a particle size of 188.0±53.7nm. TEM images of formulation confirm the formation of phytosomes. FTIR, DSC, and Powder X-ray diffractometry showed no unwanted peaks. The in vitro dissolution study showed 89.26±1.05% CDR of phytosome, while the extract showed 47.78±0.59% CDR. Conclusion: Evaluation results of phytosomes suggest that this formulation can be used as an effective herbal antidiabetic formulation

Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies of Herbal Prescriptions for Carbuncle Treatment to Suggest Modern Approaches to Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cluster and Network Analyses of the Book «Liu Juan Zi Gui Yi Fang».

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments in East Asian traditional medicine (EATM) originate from principles for treating abscesses and carbuncles. Understanding the therapeutic principles of Liu Juan Zi Gui Yi Fang (GYF) is essential for optimizing EATM treatment strategies for IBD, but quantitative analysis is lacking. This study aims to extract quantitative information on therapeutic strategies from GYF and present the EATM conceptual framework for IBD treatment. Oral prescriptions for carbuncles were selected, and their constituent herbs and indications were standardized and tokenized for analysis. An EATM expert group classified prescriptions based on the similarity of herbs and indications. Hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses were performed based on herb similarity. The herb-indication (H-I) network for all prescriptions was constructed. Additionally, H-I subnetworks based on the expert group's classifications and the k-means clustering results were constructed and compared to identify treatment goals and the herbs used for each goal. The results showed that the treatment focused on abscess status, wound healing, and patient's recovery capacity, with 'fever' and 'deficiency' as the main indications addressed by tonifying and anti-inflammatory herbs. The therapeutic principles identified in this study can serve as a foundation for developing future herbal intervention units. Further preclinical and clinical research is needed to validate these findings.

Commentary: brain endothelial GSDMD as a novel target for brain disorders associated with BBB damage

Variations in herb dosage due to species adulteration and dosing inaccuracies can substantially affect clinical safety and efficacy. Accurate species quantification remains challenging, as current methods often yield inconsistent results. This study introduces a novel pyrosequencing-based technique, termed herb molecular quantification (Herb-Q), designed to precisely quantify herbal products. We evaluated its effectiveness using Pinellia ternata and five of its adulterants. Initially, we assessed commonly used DNA barcodes with sequences from a public database, identifying two candidate regions, Maturase K (matK) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), for screening specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, allowing for species-specific identification. These loci were validated by amplifying and sequencing genomic material from collected samples. Our validation studies showed that Herb-Q demonstrated excellent linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and detection limits. We established quantitative standard curves with high R2 values (> 0.99) to enable precise species quantification, which were combined with external standards to provide clear and accurate visual quantification results. The average bias in quantifying the tuber of P. ternata was 2.38%, confirming that Herb-Q can accurately identify and quantify herbal product constituents. Moreover, the entire quantification process took less than 4 h. This study presents a novel, rapid method for accurately quantifying species in herbal products and advances the application of DNA barcoding from species identification to quantitative detection.

Herbal Medicine as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases - A Systematic Review

Background In recent times, a shift has been observed among both researchers and dental patients towards opting for herbal remedies and products to address issues like dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, periimplantitis, and dentin hypersensitivity. These herbal solutions encompass herbs, herbal constituents, formulations, and products derived from genuine plant components or other plant-derived materials. Objective This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current body of literature regarding the added advantages of herbal medicinal products in managing periodontal and peri-implant conditions. Methods RCT published in English from 2013 till Sep 2023 in the terms “medicinal plants,” “plant medicine,” “dental herbs,” “medical herbs,” and “phytomedicine” were utilized to identify pertinent research papers. These search phrases were applied across the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Case reports, case series, longitudinal studies, and retrospective analyses were not included. PRISMA standards were followed in this review. Results A total of fifteen (n=24) randomized clinical trials about herbal drugs and periodontal implications and three (n=3) trials on dental hypersensitivity were assessed. The trials assessed the use of various herbal products in treating periodontal and per-implant conditions. Conclusion Plant-based phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory effects that could be used as an alternative to treat periodontal and peri-implant conditions. Recent research on the different active components included in this study show significant improvements in the clinical parameters. To suggest them as substitutes for the non-herbal elements, more research is necessary.

Molecular quantification of herbs (Herb-Q): a pyrosequencing-based approach and its application in Pinellia ternata

Variations in herb dosage due to species adulteration and dosing inaccuracies can substantially affect clinical safety and efficacy. Accurate species quantification remains challenging, as current methods often yield inconsistent results. This study introduces a novel pyrosequencing-based technique, termed herb molecular quantification (Herb-Q), designed to precisely quantify herbal products. We evaluated its effectiveness using Pinellia ternata and five of its adulterants. Initially, we assessed commonly used DNA barcodes with sequences from a public database, identifying two candidate regions, Maturase K (matK) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), for screening specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, allowing for species-specific identification. These loci were validated by amplifying and sequencing genomic material from collected samples. Our validation studies showed that Herb-Q demonstrated excellent linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and detection limits. We established quantitative standard curves with high R2 values (> 0.99) to enable precise species quantification, which were combined with external standards to provide clear and accurate visual quantification results. The average bias in quantifying the tuber of P. ternata was 2.38%, confirming that Herb-Q can accurately identify and quantify herbal product constituents. Moreover, the entire quantification process took less than 4 h. This study presents a novel, rapid method for accurately quantifying species in herbal products and advances the application of DNA barcoding from species identification to quantitative detection.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Peel of Mask

The purpose of this work is to prepare face pack from natural constituents. We know about Natural constituents. Herbal constituents are veritably useful to our skin. Our skin is veritably sensitive that's why we Prepared a ornamental face pack from only natural constituents for the junking of tan, remove dirt, and Whitening skin. We prepared two samples, sample A and sample B and performed or checked their Organoleptic characteristics, physical characteristics similar as odour, irritancy, color, with their side goods. Because natural constituents, sample have minimal side goods

Applications of Nanotechnology-mediated Herbal Nanosystems for Ophthalmic Drug.

In recent years, herbal nanomedicines have gained tremendous popularity for novel drug discovery. Nanotechnology has provided several advances in the healthcare sector, emerging several novel nanocarriers that potentiate the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the herbal drug. The recent advances in nanotechnology with accelerated strategies of ophthalmic nanosystems have paved a new path for overcoming the limitations associated with ocular drug delivery systems, such as low bioavailability, poor absorption, stability, and precorneal drug loss. Ophthalmic drug delivery is challenging due to anatomical and physiological barriers. Due to the presence of these barriers, the herbal drug entry into the eyes can be affected when administered by following multiple routes, i.e., topical, injectables, or systemic. However, the advancement of nanotechnology with intelligent systems enables the herbal active constituent to successfully entrap within the system, which is usually difficult to reach employing conventional herbal formulations. Herbal-loaded nanocarrier drug delivery systems demonstrated enhanced herbal drug permeation and prolonged herbal drug delivery. In this current manuscript, an extensive search is conducted for original research papers using databases Viz., PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, etc. Further painstaking efforts are made to compile and update the novel herbal nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructure lipid carriers, micelles, niosomes, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, etc., which are mostly used for ophthalmic drug delivery system. This article presents a comprehensive survey of diverse applications used for the preventative measures and treatment therapy of varied eye disorders. Further, this article highlights the recent findings that the innovators are exclusively working on ophthalmic nanosystems for herbal drug delivery systems. The nanocarriers are promising drug delivery systems that enable an effective and supreme therapeutic potential circumventing the limitations associated with conventional ocular drug delivery systems. The nanotechnology-based approach is useful to encapsulate the herbal bioactive and prevent them from degradation and therefore providing them for controlled and sustained release with enhanced herbal drug permeation. Extensive research is still being carried out in the field of herbal nanotechnology to design an ophthalmic nanosystem with improved biopharmaceutical properties.

Biochemical and pharmacological properties of a polyherbal antilipemic tea in chemically induced hyperlipidemia

The incidence of hyperlipidemia is increasing worldwide. Compared to individual herbs, polyherbal formulations have been hyped to possess increased therapeutic effectiveness due to the synergistic actions of the constituent herbs. However, the proliferation of putative herbal remedies is a cause for concern because of safety and efficacy issues. Thus, this study investigated the performance of a polyherbal tea (PHT) in Triton X-1339-induced lipid and other biochemical disorders in rats to gain insight into its safety and efficacy. PHT was screened for phytochemical, mineral, and proximate contents. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male Wistar rats by administering 200 mg/kg of Triton X-1339 to them intraperitoneally. Animals then received an infusion of PHT for two weeks. Lipid profile, organ impairment, and hematological assessments were performed on tissues excised from the experimental animals. The phytochemical screening detected polyphenols and tannins in PHT. The estimated amounts of phenols and flavonoids in PHT were 150.60 ± 1.40 mg Gallic acid equivalent and 3961.11 ± 30.06 mg Quercetin equivalent, respectively. Triton injection caused dyslipidemia, and cardiohepatorenal redox imbalance and biochemical dysfunction. The Triton-induced dyslipidemia, redox imbalance, and alterations to biochemical indices of organ function were counteracted by PHT. In addition, Triton administration showed a deleterious effect on the hematological profile of dyslipidemic rats which was corrected following their treatment with PHT. The efficacy of PHT compared well with that of Rosuvastatin. The results obtained demonstrated the apparent safety and therapeutic efficacy of PHT in hyperlipidemia and related biochemical dysfunctions.

Acute Toxicity, Analgesic, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Folk Thai Herbal Medicine: Yafon Formula

Yafon (YF), a formula composed of 14 herbal constituents, has been used in folk Thai herbal medicine to treat various indications, including pain relief, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, this formula lacks adequate toxicological and efficacy data. Hence, this study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of YF in animal models. The study on acute oral toxicity was conducted by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) number 420 guidelines. The results demonstrated that the administration of YF at a high dose of 2000 mg/kg did not result in fatality or exhibit any toxicity. The analgesic effect of YF in mice was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the formalin test. The anti-inflammatory activity of YF was assessed in rats using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. This investigation employed YF doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day. The study found that all YF doses reduced writhing in the acetic acid, and YF doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg/day reduced the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test. In addition, all YF doses effectively suppressed paw edema in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. This study demonstrated that the YF formula showed no acute toxicity and possessed acute anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by blocking pain signals originating from the peripheral nervous system. These findings provided empirical evidence supporting the use of YF formula as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Articulating the Pharmacological and Nanotechnological Aspects of Genistein: Current and Future Prospectives.

Throughout the past several centuries, herbal constituents have been the subject of scientific interest and the latest research into their therapeutic potential is underway. Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone found in huge amounts in soy, along with the plants of the Fabaceae family. Scientific studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of genistein on various health conditions. Genistein presents a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiulcer, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anti-bacterial, antiviral, skin, and radioprotective effects. However, the hydrophobic nature of genistein results in constrained absorption and restricts its therapeutic potential. In this review, the number of nanocarriers for genistein delivery has been explored, such as polymeric nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, transferosomes, and nanoemulsions and nanofibers. These nano-formulations of genistein have been utilized as a potential strategy for various disorders, employing a variety of ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo models and various administration routes. This review concluded that genistein is a potential therapeutic agent for treating various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, etc., when formulated in suitable nanocarriers.

Evidence-based study of Hridayarnava Rasa: An Ayurvedic formulation in experimentally induced atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ayurvedic medicine provides fundamental knowledge of the concepts and components involved in traditional medicine. Hridayarnava Rasa (H. Rasa) is an Ayurvedic formulation, composed of herbal constituents and metallo-mineral ingredients. Individual components of H. Rasa were reported to treat various ailments; however, very few evidence-based studies on the formulation were available in other aspects of H. Rasa. The present study was focused on the evidence-based assessment of the test of H. Rasa in experimentally induced atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS: A total of 24 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly distributed into six groups of four rabbits each. Group I rabbits were fed with a standard pellet diet; group II was induced with ASCVD; groups III, IV, and V were induced with ASCVD plus different doses of H. Rasa, and group VI was induced with ASCVD plus atorvastatin supplementation. RESULTS: Plasma lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), very LDLc, AST:ALT ratio, hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme reductase activity, collagen, and elastin were significantly increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in ASCVD induced group. This was supported by CD68 levels of the aorta by immunohistochemistry. Changes were reversed in H. Rasa-treated groups of different doses of the drug. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a high-fat diet accelerates the development of ASCVD in a time-dependent manner, and H. Rasa protects the aorta by maintaining the lipids, lipoproteins, and marker enzymes in a dose-dependent manner similar to atorvastatin.

Phytosomes in herbal formulation: an updated review

Phytosomes, a phospholipid-based self-assembled delivery system, can improve oral bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds. These systems, prepared by reacting polyphenolic phytoconstituents with phospholipid, can enhance the passage of lipophilic herbal constituents across the lipid membrane. Phytosomes are used in various herbal drugs like Ginkgo biloba,Camellia sinensis. Recent advancements in phytosomes technology have led to the development of transdermal routes for delivering phytoconstituents. These products are increasingly used in dietary supplements for homeostatic management of inflammation, toxicities, cancers, and weight loss. This technique increases the hydrophilicity of highly lipophilic drugs, making them suitable for drug delivery and allowing hydrophilic phytoconstituents to cross biological membranes. Researchers are exploring the transdermal route as a potential way to deliver phytoconstituents, which are increasingly being used in dietary supplements for homeostatic management of various diseases. We will explore an updated review of Phytosomes in herbal formulation.

Evaluation of Lippia scaberrima Sond. and Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren extracts on human CYP enzymes and gold nanoparticle synthesis: implications for drug metabolism and cytotoxicity

BackgroundMetabolism is an important component of the kinetic characteristics of herbal constituents, and it often determines the internal dose and concentration of these effective constituents at the target site. The metabolic profile of plant extracts and pure compounds need to be determined for any possible herb-drug metabolic interactions that might occur.MethodsVarious concentrations of the essential oil of Lippia scaberrima, the ethanolic extract of Lippia scaberrima alone and their combinations with fermented and unfermented Aspalathus linearis extract were used to determine the inhibitory potential on placental, microsomal and recombinant human hepatic Cytochrome P450 enzymes. Furthermore, the study investigated the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from the ethanolic extract of Lippia scaberrima as a lead sample. Confirmation and characterization of the synthesized gold nanoparticles were conducted through various methods. Additionally, the cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of Lippia scaberrima were compared with the gold nanoparticles synthesized from Lippia scaberrima using gum arabic as a capping agent.ResultsAll the samples showed varying levels of CYP inhibition. The most potent inhibition took place for CYP2C19 and CYP1B1 with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of less than 0.05 µg/L for the essential oil tested and IC50-values between 0.05 µg/L-1 µg/L for all the other combinations and extracts tested, respectively. For both CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 the IC50-values for the essential oil, the extracts and combinations were found in the range of 1 – 10 µg/L. The majority of the IC50 values found were higher than 10 µg/L and, therefore, were found to have no inhibition against the CYP enzymes tested.ConclusionTherefore, the essential oil of Lippia scaberrima, the ethanolic extract of Lippia scaberrima alone and their combinations with Aspalathus linearis do not possess any clinically significant CYP interaction potential and may be further investigated for their adjuvant potential for use in the tuberculosis treatment regimen. Furthermore, it was shown that the cytotoxic potential of the Lippia scaberrima gold nanoparticles was reduced by twofold when compared to the ethanolic extract of Lippia scaberrima.

Dissecting Combinational Mechanisms of Herbal Formula from a Transcriptome-based Multi-scale Network Pharmacology Model

Abstract Objective: Illumination of the integrative effects of herbs in a formula is a bottleneck that limits the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the present study, we developed a transcriptome-based multi-scale network pharmacology model to explore the combined effects of different herbs. Materials and Methods: First, we curated gene signatures at different biological scales, from the molecular to higher tissue levels, including tissues, cells, pathological processes, biological processes, pathways, and targets. Second, using the Xiexin Tang (XXT) formula as an example, we collected transcriptomic data in response to the treatment of XXT or its three compositive herbs on Michigan cancer foundation7 cells. Third, we linked each herbal drug to different biological scales by calculating the correlation scores between herb-induced gene expression profiles and gene signatures. Finally, the combined mechanisms of the three constituent herbs in XXT were deciphered by comparing their multi-scale effects with those of the formula. Results: The results showed that although XXT or single herbs regulated a large number of signatures on each biological scale, the phenotypic effects of these herbal drugs are concentrated onto the “Blood” tissue, types of hemocytes, and hemorrhagic injury-related pathological processes. At the molecular level, these herbs consistently regulate processes such as the cell cycle and blood coagulation-related pathways, as well as protein targets related to the immunoinflammatory response and blood coagulation, such as proteinase-activated receptor 2, integrin beta-3, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta, and coagulation factor XII. The analysis of the combinational modes demonstrated that different herbs can cooperate by acting on the same objects and/or regulating different objects in related functions, and cooperative behaviors change at different biological scales. Conclusions: Our model can dissect the combined effects of herbal formulae from a multi-scale perspective and should be beneficial for the development and exploitation of TCM.

Unlocking traditional remedy: Gulkand-enhanced mucoadhesive gel for canker sore relief

This study focuses on the development and evaluation of mucoadhesive gel formulations containing different Gulkand and its extract with a specific emphasis on their potential for managing oral health conditions, including the discomforting issue of mouth ulcers. The formulations underwent a thorough analysis, encompassing the assessment of phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant activity, in addition to comprehensive physical, chemical, and pharmacological evaluations to determine their suitability for commercial utilization. Mouth ulcers are a prevalent oral health concern that can cause significant discomfort and inconvenience. In this study, Gulkand extract exhibited remarkable characteristics with its high phenolic content and robust antioxidant activity. It demonstrated rapid drug release, positioning it as a promising new for addressing the immediate relief needs of individuals suffering from mouth ulcers. Conversely, gel formulation showcased a sustained release profile suggesting the potential for longer therapeutic benefits, presents an intriguing option for oral health applications, capitalizing on the antiulcer properties associated with liquorice. An innovative aspect of this study is the compatibility assessment, which employed antioxidant and phenolic content analysis to verify the harmonious interaction between herbal constituents and excipients. This approach introduces novel perspective on compatibility testing, particularly critical for formulations designed to alleviate oral discomfort effectively. Furthermore, stability studies are warranted to be evaluated prior to their potential for commercialization. The present study revealed the promising potential of the prepared mucoadhesive gels in managing not only mouth ulcers but also a spectrum of oral health conditions, holding broader implications for advancements in the field of medicine.

Therapeutic landscape of natural products and emulgel in psoriasis

Psoriasis, characterized by immune-mediated inflammation triggered by dysfunctions in the immune system, manifests in various skin areas with elevated plaques presenting as common symptoms. Traditional psoriasis treatments often incorporate plant-based remedies, which, although safer, are predominantly hydrophobic, limiting their permeation and absorption into the skin. To address these challenges, researchers have turned to emulgels as drug delivery systems. Emulgels, combining the properties of both emulsions and gels, effectively solubilize hydrophobic drug molecules, enhancing their absorption through the skin. Emulgels shows several advantages including easy application and removal, emollient properties, non-greasiness, cosmetic appeal, and excellent penetration capabilities.This review emphasizes the significance of herbal drugs in psoriasis therapeutics and explores the utilization of emulgels as a delivery system for herbal extracts and constituents in psoriasis treatment. By highlighting the potential of emulgels in enhancing the delivery of herbal remedies for psoriasis management, this review offers insights into novel approaches to address the challenges associated with traditional psoriasis treatments.

Protective role of hydroxy citric acid (HCA) against lead induced toxicity in albino wistar rats

The present study was designed to evaluate the role of herbal active constituent hydroxycitric acid obtained from Garcinia cambogia and Hibiscus subdariffa in heavy metal especially lead poisoning. The Lead acetate at 500ppm was used as an inducing agent in the present study. Sodium acetate (500ppm) used as control group is used as a baseline measure. The HCA at 100 mg/kg and 200mg/kg were used in the treatment of lead induced toxicity in rats. At the end of 28 days study period the blood levels of alpha ALAD activity was estimated in all the treatment groups. Lead inhibits the ALAD is more profound and its inhibition has been used clinically to gauge the degree of lead poisoning. Inhibition of ALAD results in the accumulation of aminolaevulinic acid, detectable in the plasma and urine even at blood lead levels of less than 10 µg/dl. It results that HCA showed significant elevated levels of ALAD activity, which was reduced by the lead intoxication. HCA showed significant reduction of liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP). The markers like protein, bilirubin and creatinine were also found to be elevated in lead intoxicated rats and was found to be decreased significantly in a concentration dependent manner.

Visualizing research trends and identifying hotspots of herbal components for treating cardiovascular diseases: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023.

The objective of this study was to investigate the global research trends in herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from 2000 to 2023. A bibliometric approach was employed to analyze international collaborations, knowledge structures, emerging trends, and research frontiers. The Web of Science (WOS) core collection was utilized as the database, employing the search formula (((TS = (traditional Chinese medicine)) OR TS = (Chinese herbal medicinal ingredient)) OR TS = (Chinese herbal medicinal constituent)) AND TS = (cardiovascular disease) to conduct the search. The search period spanned from January 1, 2000, to February 14, 2023, and the literature type included articles and reviews. A total of 1478 papers were included in the analysis after searching the WOS database and excluding conference proceedings, news articles, retractions, editorials, and letters. China demonstrated the highest number of publications, followed by the United States and Taiwan (China). The institution with the highest publications was the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. China, the United States, and India were the main countries involved in research in this field, and there was significant collaboration among them. The hotspots related to herbal components for treating cardiovascular diseases from 2000 to 2023 included systematic reviews, ischemic reperfusion injury, global burden, type 2 diabetes, and protection. This paper provides a reference for the future development of herbal research in cardiovascular aspects by revealing the current status, hotspots, and trends of global herbal research in cardiovascular factors over more than 20 years. Identification of potential collaborators and institutions can assist researchers in exploring new directions for future research and discovering new perspectives for potential collaborations in this field.