Constant Speed Diesel Engine Research Articles

Acetylene an Potential Alternative Fuel for Stationary Diesel Engine

The present study focuses on incorporation of alternative fuels along with existing internal combustion engines (ICE) without making major modifications. Acetylene has good combustion qualities with auto ignition temperature of 3050C. To increase the use of acetylene as non-petroleum gas in ICE, we carried experimentation on a single cylinder constant speed diesel engine. In this study, direct injection (DI) and constant speed compression ignition (CI) engine tested with pure diesel and diesel-acetylene dual fuel mode. We conducted experiments to study the performance characteristics of DI diesel engine in dual fuel mode by aspirating acetylene gas in the inlet manifold with a flow rate of 2 liters/minute (lpm) of acetylene. Observation recorded that, during idling condition to get the same power output when aspirated with the 2 lpm acetylene, 3.5% less amount of diesel required. For maximum load 9% less amount of diesel required. And 12% less amount of diesel required during partial loading condition. Also, the performance shows increased trend in indicated power and brake power by 1-2%. It was also observed that use of acetylene gas has more influence on emission of CO2. Emission results showed that without a catalytic convertor, 8% decreased amount of CO2 released during idling condition. Similar emission results of engine found during full load condition when acetylene used along with diesel, supporting the health of environment for reduction of global warming.

The Effects CNG Injection Timing on Engine Performance and Emissions Of A Diesel Dual Fuel Engine

Sequential combustion process on diesel dual fuel engine with compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel was complex. The problems of diesel dual fuel with CNG gas are reduced thermal efficiency and resulting in high carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. The right setting between combustion air, diesel pilot fuel, and CNG gas fuel can improvement the performance and emissions. The experiment was conducted with diesel fuel conventional and dual fuel mode with CNG fuel in a single cylinder, four strokes, constant speed (1500 rpm) diesel engine type diamond DI 800. Performance parameters such as thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption (SFC), emissions such as CO, HC, and smoke density are determined at five starts of injection timing (SOI) CNG of 700CA, 900CA, 1100CA, 1300CA, dan 1500CA ATDC with ECU programmable of Vemstune software. The results indicated that retarded CNG injection timings improved engine performance and emissions diesel dual fuel. Start of CNG injection timing optimization at 1300CA ATDC with increased thermal efficiency 14,35% and decreased specific fuel consumption (SFC) 8,83 % . in addition, it decreased CO emissions 21,35%, HC emissions 17,93%, and PM emissions lower 34,98%. However, engine performance diesel dual fuel lower than a conventional diesel engine.

Experimental and simulation study for the effect of waste cooking oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuel on the performance and emissions of diesel engine

The methyl ester of waste cooking oil (MEWCO) has been prepared from used cooking oils collected from different restaurants and investigated experimentally and theoretically. The suggested biodiesel is mixed with different percentages (10%, 20%and 100%) on a volume basis together with original diesel fuel and tested on a constant speed diesel engine. The experimental work deals with the impact of the blending ratio on the performance and emission parameters at different load conditions. The experimental side is verified with simulation study done by Diesel-rk software and it reveals that they are in good agreement. The maximum pressure reduced as a result of increasing MEWCO blends due to the reduction in the heating value of the blended fuels. Both sides are reported promising reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) on the behalf of carbon emissions. Mixing 20% MEWCO is the best compromise, mixing ratio and beyond that, dramatic reduction in the outcome of the performance has been observed.

Consequences of exhaust gas temperature on emissions in CI engine fuelled with <i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i> methyl ester blends with diesel

In today's world, the applications of diesel engines are gradually increased in the area of agricultural and especially in commercial vehicle sectors. The present scenario emphasises necessarily for the development of better techniques to improve the efficiency of the diesel engine and also the adverse effect of fossil fuels on the environment. The purpose of this work is to investigate the consequence of biodiesel blends with diesel on exhaust gas temperature and emission characteristics. In this work, the exhaust emissions and exhaust gas temperatures were measured in a four stroke, single cylinder, and constant speed diesel engine fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester (CIME) and its blends with diesel. The different blends such as B20, B40, B60 and B80 of CIME blends with diesel and B100 (CIME) and diesel (100%) were used for this test run. The test results of different blends were compared with diesel fuel and presented in this paper.

Combustion, vibration and noise analysis of hydrogen-diesel dual fuelled engine

The transportation sector of the present-day world is facing severe problems like increasing global pollution and continuous depletion of conventional energy resources; both at alarming rates; which has motivated the researchers to look for alternative fuels and study various aspects of clean burning and sustainable fuels. The vibration of the engines during the combustion is one crucial aspect, as it defines the overall ride quality and comfort of an automobile. In this work, the authors have studied dual fuel combustion using a constant speed diesel engine, operated using hydrogen and diesel. The experimental studies are carried at the load of 25%, 50% and 75% with the substitution of diesel with hydrogen for the energy share of 0%, 5%, 10% and 20%. The effect of hydrogen addition on the combustion characteristics, vibrations and acoustics in the engine is investigated. In this study, marginal pernicious effects of hydrogen addition on the in-cylinder pressure are observed, particularly at lower loads. However, the vibration and noise level sees a reduction with hydrogen addition. The effect of combustion characteristics on noise and vibration parameters is carried out to understand their correspondence. Hydrogen supplementation is found beneficial for noise and vibrations level at low and mid-range loads.

Performance and emission study on the effect of oxygenated additive in neat biodiesel fueled diesel engine

ABSTRACTThis work presents the effect of the Di-tetra-butyl-peroxide (DTBP) as an oxygenated additive on neat used mustard oil biodiesel (B100) to evaluate the emission and performance engine characteristics. Four fuels, namely, diesel, biodiesel (Mustard biodiesel), a blend of B100-10percentage, and 20% by volume of DTBP (BD90DTBP10 and BD80DTBP20) are prepared and tested on a single cylinder, constant speed diesel engine. Experimental outcomes revealed that 20% of DTBP reduces 7.3% CO, 5.1% HC, and 4.6% NOx and 3.2% smoke emissions of B100. From this study, further, it is inferred that BD80DTBP20 blend could be utilized as an alternative fuel for a CI engine with no modifications in engine design.

Analysis on emission behaviour of butanol–biodiesel blends fuelled constant speed diesel engine

ABSTRACT This work examines the impact of butanol addition to Mahua oil Biodiesel (MOBD) in a diesel engine to view its effect on emission characteristics. Two fuel samples were prepared using a novel surfactant Span 80, with different concentrations (94% Mahua oil + 4% butanol + 2% Span 80 (MOBD1) and 90% Mahua oil + 8% butanol + 2% Span 80 (MOBD2)). Experimental results showed that the CO and NOX emission are reduced by 4–11% and 6–10% of Mahua oil butanol samples compared to neat MOBD. Further, the introduction of MOBD-butanol emulsions in diesel engine reduces the emissions.

Prediction OF CI engine performance, emission and combustion parameters using fish oil as a biodiesel by fuzzy-GA

This paper describes the application of Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FAHP-TOPSIS) for the selection of optimum blend from the various alternative blends of fish oil and diesel. A single cylinder, constant speed and direct injection diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW is used for exploratory analysis at different load conditions. Ten parameterssuch as maximization of brake thermal efficiency, rate of pressure rise and minimization of NOx,CO2, CO, HC, smoke, exhaust gas temperature, ignition delay and combustion delay are considered. From the experimental data, multi input multi output (MIMO) fuzzy models are developed using triangular membership functionto predict the engine parameters. The developed model has good correlation with the observed data with noticeably low errors. Then, for each parameter, optimum blend has to be identified for all the loads using genetic algorithm which is a multi-objective optimization process. The engine performance is accurately predicted for the identified best load and blend from the developed fuzzy model. Hence in the proposed model, fuzzy logic is integrated with GAto find the best blend. Finally, from the best blend of each parameter, the exact biodiesel proportion of about 17% for no load, 17% for 25% load, 18% for 50% load, 17% for 75% load and 20% for 100% load are found out usingTOPSIS which will best suit the engine performance and reduction of emissions.

Experimental study of methyl tert-butyl ether as an oxygenated additive in diesel and Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester blended fuel in CI engine

This work presents the effect of the ternary oxygenated additive on diesel biodiesel blended fuel to evaluate the engine characteristics. The Calophyllum inophyllum trees being abundant in India can lessen the dependence on petroleum imports to a specific extent. Methyl tertiary butyl ether is used as an oxygenated additive for the ternary blends preparation as 5-20% by volume. Seven blends of neat baseline diesel, biodiesel (Calophyllum inophyllum Methyl Ester), a blend of diesel (50%)-biodiesel (50%), a blend of diesel (50%)-biodiesel-methyl tert-butyl ether (5, 10, 15, and 20%) are prepared which are tested on a single cylinder, constant speed diesel engine. The experimental results were revealed that the replacement of biodiesel by MTBE has shown a slight reduction in brake thermal efficiency with a slight increase in brake-specific fuel consumption. Further, the MTBE addition in ternary blends reduced the unburned hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx by 63.9, 6.4, and 3.37% respectively. In addition, the carbon dioxide emission is almost similar to diesel fuel at a higher addition of MTBE with diesel-biodiesel blend. In the combustion point of view, the addition of 5% MTBE resulted in 3.49 and 5.1% reduction of peak pressure and heat release rate are observed as compared to diesel fuel. Critical analysis in combustion aspects is also carried out and it is witnessed with prolonged ignition delay during MTBE addition with diesel-biodiesel blends.

Emission investigation of higher alcohol and biodiesel blends in constant speed diesel engine

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to investigate the emission patterns of the engine using Jatropha oil methyl ester (JO100) with butanol. The JO100 is mixed with butanol by varying the percentage from 5 to 10 (JO95B5 and JO90B10). The emission parameter such as hydrocarbon(HC), nitrox oxide(NOx) and carbon monoxide(CO) was measured at various load conditions using the gas analyzer. Butanol can be directly blended with neat Jatropha oil biodiesel. Operation of the engine is smooth and no visible damage in engine parts up to doping of 10% butanol with neat Jatropha oil. HC and CO for Neat Jatropha oil biodiesel and by doping of 5–10% of butanol of biodiesel shows drastic reduction than diesel at all loads. NOX for Neat Jatropha oil biodiesel and by doping of 5–10% of butanol shows significant reduction than diesel at all loads.

A novel fuel containing glycerol triacetate additive, biodiesel and diesel blends to improve dual-fuelled diesel engines performance and exhaust emissions

Declining petroleum sources and increasing demands for energy and emissions characteristics of fossil fuels combustion lead investigations to clean, available and low-cost energy resources. Dual-fuelled diesel engine by NG as main fuel and biodiesel blend as pilot fuel can be an appreciate idea to reduce engine emissions and using renewable source of fuel. The main aim of present study is to use the blend of glycerol triacetate (GT) additive and biodiesel to reduce emissions and to improve fuel cost of dual-fuelled diesel engine by natural gas as main fuel. Tests performed on dual fueled, constant speed (1500 rpm) diesel engine by two levels of biodiesels (B5, B20) with three levels of GT additives (3%, 5%, 7%) and neat diesel fuel as pilot fuel and four levels of pilot fuel to gaseous fuel (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%). Based on results, using B5A3 as pilot fuel decreased NOx emission by 24% in pilot-to-gaseous (P/G) fuel ratio of 50%. Using B20A3 as pilot fuel significantly reduced PM emission, such that in P/G ratio of 20% it was 85% lower than that of diesel as pilot fuel. CO emission was found to be 72% lower than that of diesel as pilot fuel in case of using B5A7 as pilot fuel in P/G ratio of 20%. Using B5 as pilot fuel in P/G ratio of 20% reduced CO2 emission by about 8% compared to that of diesel as pilot fuel. UHC emission had been increased slightly using biodiesel and GT additive rather than diesel pilot fuel. It was also observed that in the P/G ratio of 40% using B5 fuel, the GP cost was 0.22 $/kWh which is about 15% lower than that for diesel pilot fuel.

Effect of hydrogen supplementation on engine performance and emissions

Vehicular Pollution and environmental degradation are on the rise with increasing vehicles and to stop this strict regulation have been put on vehicular emissions. Also, the depleting fossil fuels are of great concern for energy security. This has motivated the researchers to invest considerable resources in finding cleaner burning, sustainable and renewable fuels. However renewable fuels independently are not sufficient to deal with the problem at hand due to supply constraints. Hence, advanced combustion technologies such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), low-temperature combustion (LTC), and dual fuel engines are extensively researched upon. In this context, this work investigates dual fuel mode combustion using a constant speed diesel engine, operated using hydrogen and diesel. The engine is operated at 25, 50 and 75% loads and substitution of diesel energy with hydrogen energy is done as 0, 5, 10 and 20%. The effect of hydrogen energy share (HES) enhancement on engine performance and emissions is investigated. In the tested range, slightly detrimental effect of HES on brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is observed. Comparision of NO and NO2 emissions is done to understand the non-thermal influence of H2 on the NOx emissions. Hence, HES is found beneficial in reducing harmful emissions at low and mid loads.

Comparison of DEA frontier and ranking in performance assessment and optimisation of jatropha and fish oil biodiesel blend in CI engine

This paper presents a novel integrated statistical model to evaluate the diesel engine performance that is operating with duel fuel Jatropha and fish oil blend. Hence, a single cylinder, four stroke, direct Injection constant speed diesel engine was used. The experiments were taken from each category of the injection timing such as retardation, standard and advanced along with single proportion 100% biodiesel blend while other parameters’ injection pressure was maintained constant at 220 bar, respectively. The injection timing was changed during testing of the engine and the performance parameters were held for three different load conditions between 1, 50 and 100% at the rated power of 4.4 kW and a speed of 1500 rpm. From the experimental results, it was observed that BSFC tends to decrease from no load to full load. The maximum BTE for JF100 was found in retardation injection timing of 18° at full load. DEA a multi-response linear programming statistical optimisation tool was used to measure the performance and efficiency of a Biodiesel blend in the DI diesel engine. It was formulated by taking fuel blends relative performance efficiency in relation to input and output variables. Both Frontier and Ranking methods in DEA indicated nearly a good convergence with experimental results.

An assessment on the effects of 1-pentanol and 1-butanol as additives with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of higher alcohols with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel on the diesel engine characteristics under various engine loads. Two higher alcohols have been identified for the present investigation namely 1-pentanol and 1-butanol and the six fuel samples have been prepared with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel at 40%, 50% and 60% concentrations by volume. All the experiments are carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke and constant speed diesel engine and the experimental results are compared with conventional diesel and pure biodiesel fuels. The study revealed that the diesel engine operation with higher alcohol-biodiesel blends has shown lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption. The reduction rate is higher with a higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blends. On the other hand, the cooling effect of higher alcohol in the blend reduces the NOx emission due to their higher latent heat of vaporization. Moreover, the CO, HC and smoke emissions are decreased for all higher alcohol-biodiesel blends. The combustion characteristics are followed similar pattern for all tested fuels and peak pressure is comparatively lower for higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blend. Finally, it is revealed that 1-pentanol and 1-butanol can be successfully used as partial substitute to diesel or biodiesel fuel.

Emission and performance analysis of a diesel engine burning cashew nut shell oil bio diesel mixed with hexanol

In this study, the effect of doping hexanol into biodiesel which is from neat cashew nut shell biodiesel oil on the emissions and the performance characteristics was studied in a constant speed diesel engine. The main purpose of this work is to reduce various emissions and also to improve the performance of the diesel engine when fueled with blends of hexanol and neat cashew nut shell biodiesel. Cashew nut shell oil is not edible, and hence it can be used as a viable alternative to diesel. Cashew nut shell biodiesel is prepared by conventional transesterification. Hexanol with 99.2% purity was employed as an oxygenated additive. Experimental studies were conducted by fueling diesel as a baseline and by fueling hexanol and neat cashew nut shell biodiesel mixture. A fuel comprising 10% (by volume) of hexanol and 90% (by volume) neat cashew nut shell biodiesel was referred to as CNSBD900H100 and fuel comprising 20% (by volume) of hexanol and 80% (by volume) of neat cashew nut shell biodiesel was referred to as CNSBD800H200. This study also investigated the possibility of using pure biofuel in an unmodified naturally aspirated diesel engine. The outcome of this study showed that adding hexanol at 10% and 20% (by volume) to cashew nut shell biodiesel results in a reduction in emissions. In addition, a significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency and reduction in brake-specific fuel consumptions were achieved. Hence, it could be concluded that hexanol could be a viable and promising additive for improving the drawbacks of biodiesel when it was used to fuel an unmodified diesel engine.

Turbocharger Matching for Two Cylinder Constant Speed Diesel Engine with Uneven Firing Order

Turbocharger Matching for Two Cylinder Constant Speed Diesel Engine with Uneven Firing Order

Performance, Combustion, and Emission Analysis of Neat Palm Oil Biodiesel and Higher Alcohol Blends in a Diesel Engine

In this work, palm oil biodiesel (POBD100) with a cyclo-octanol additive was employed in a constant speed diesel engine, and its effects on engine combustion, emission, and performance were studied. The biodiesel produced from palm oil by the conventional transesterification process, sodium hydroxide, and methanol were involved in the conversion of oil into biodiesel. The five fuels evaluated were neat palm oil biodiesel (POBD100), octanol blended with palm oil biodiesel by 10% volume (POBD90O10), octanol blended with palm oil biodiesel by 20% volume (POBD80O20), octanol blended with palm oil biodiesel by 30% volume (POBD70O30), and petroleum diesel. The experimental results revealed that with the increased octanol fraction, the combustion was smooth. All the octanol and biodiesel blends provide earlier combustion when compared to neat palm oil biodiesel which leads to higher thermal efficiency, lower fuel consumption, lower peak pressure, and shorter ignition delay. All the emissions are reduced by the a...

Experimental investigation of injection timing on the performance and exhaust emissions of a rubber seed oil blend fuel in constant speed diesel engine

ABSTRACTAn experimental study is conducted to evaluate the use of rubber seed oil with diesel at a proportion of 20% by volume (RSO20) in a constant speed (1500 rpm) direct injected four-stroke air-cooled single-cylinder compression ignition engine at different injection timings (24°, 27°, 30°, 33° bTDC (before top dead centre)). A series of tests were conducted at various engine load conditions at the rated power of 5.9 kW. The injection pressure was maintained at 200 bar. As a result of investigations, at the full load condition, the brake thermal efficiency of RSO20 at 30° bTDC is high compared with other injection timings and brake energy fuel consumption is increased when advancing injection timing. There is a significant reduction in unburned hydrocarbon emission and carbon monoxide emission, and the oxides of nitrogen emission (NOx) is increased when advancing the injection timing.

Emission analysis on the effect of nanoparticles on neat biodiesel in unmodified diesel engine.

Biodiesels derived from the mahua seeds are established as a promising alternative for the diesel fuel owing to its non-edible nature and improved properties. TiO2 nanoparticle in powder form is added to neat mahua oil biodiesel (BD100) to examine its effect on emission characteristics. TiO2 nanoparticle is chosen as an additive owing to its catalytic effect, higher surface energy, and larger surface to volume ratio. TiO2 nanoparticle with an average size of 60nm was synthesized by sol-gel route. TiO2 nanoparticles are added with mahua biodiesel (BD100) at 100 and 200ppm. Mahua oil biodiesel doped with 100 and 200ppm of TiO2 nanoparticles are referred as BD100T100 and BD100T200. A constant speed diesel engine is employed for the experimental trail. Engine is fueled with diesel, BD100, BD100T100, and BD100T200, respectively. Experimental result confirmed that the modified fuels (BD100T200 and BD100T100) showed a significant reduction in all the emissions. Further, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticle (200ppm) to mahua biodiesel gave respective reduction of 9.3, 5.8, 6.6, and 2.7% in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and smoke emissions when compared to neat mahua biodiesel.

Compression ignition engine performance modelling using hybrid MCDM techniques for the selection of optimum fish oil biodiesel blend at different injection timings

The increasing demand on energy due to population growth and rise of living standards has led to considerable use of fossil fuels which cause environmental pollution and depletion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel proves to be a good alternative for fossil fuels. But sustainability of biodiesel is the key factor for determining it as a fuel in diesel engines. It needs identification of proper blend of biodiesel and diesel to meet the efficiency, engine suitability and environmental acceptability. Alternative fuel blend evaluation in IC engine fuel technologies is a very important strategic decision tool involving balancing between a number of criteria such as performance, emission and combustion parameters and opinions from different decision maker of IC engine experts. Hence, it is a MCDM problem. This paper describes the application of hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques for the selection of optimum biodiesel blend in IC engine. FAHP-TOPSIS, FAHP-VIKOR and FAHP-ELECTRE, are the three methods that are used to evaluate the best blend. The performances of these MCDM methods are also compared with each other. Here, FAHP is used to determine the relative weights of the criteria, whereas TOPSIS, VIKOR and ELECTRE are used for obtaining the final ranking of alternatives. A single cylinder, constant speed and direct injection diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW is used for exploratory analysis of evaluation criteria at different load conditions. Diesel, B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100 fuel blends are prepared by varying the proportion of biodiesel. Similarly, Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Exhaust gas temperature (EGT), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Smoke, Hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Ignition Delay, Combustion Duration and Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise are considered as the evaluation criteria. The ranking of alternatives obtained by FAHP-TOPSIS, FAHP-VIKOR and FAHP-ELECTRE are B20 > Diesel > B40 > B60 > B80 > B100 for 21°bTDC and 24°bTDC and Diesel > B20 > B40 > B60 > B80 > B100 for 27°bTDC. It shows that B20 is ranked first for 21°bTDC and 24°bTDC and second for 27°bTDC injection timing. Hence, it is concluded that mixing 20% biodiesel with diesel is suggested as a good replacement for diesel. This paper provides a new insight of applying MCDM techniques to evaluate the best fuel blend by decision makers such as engine manufactures and R&D engineers to meet the fuel economy and emission norms to empower green revolution.