Constant Parameters Research Articles

Reconstruction of Voronoi diagrams in inverse potential problems

In this paper we propose and analyze a numerical method for the recovery of a piecewise constant parameter with multiple phases in the inverse potential problem. The potential is assumed to be constant in each phase, and the phases are modeled by a Voronoi diagram generated by a set of sites, which are used as control parameters. We first reformulate the inverse problem as an optimization problem with respect to the position of the sites. Combining techniques of non-smooth shape calculus and sensitivity of Voronoi diagrams, we are able to compute the gradient of the cost function, under standard non-degeneracy conditions of the diagram. We provide two different formulas for the gradient, a volumetric and an interface one, which are compared in numerical experiments. We provide several numerical experiments to investigate the dependence of the reconstruction on the problem parameters, such as noise, number of sites and initialization.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КИНЕТИКИ ПРОЦЕССА ПИРОЛИЗА БИОМАССЫ С УЧЕТОМ ВЛИЯНИЯ СОСТАВА СЫРЬЯ В ТРУБЧАТЫХ РЕАКТОРАХ

The pyrolysis process of plant biomass can be better understood by investigating the kinetic mechanism of the decomposition process of various components. Biomass can have different structures, thermophysical properties and chemical composition, which affects the kinetics of the pyrolysis process. (Research purpose) The research purpose is simulating and studying the kinetics of the pyrolysis process of corn cob particles, which allows to determine the rate of chemical reactions occurring during the decomposition of the material, and identifying the main factors affecting the rate and efficiency of pyrolysis. (Materials and methods) The biomass of corn cobs, which has a particle size of 0.02 square meters and has thermophysical properties, was used for analysis using Comsol multiphysics software. (Results and discussion) We have obtained models that describe temperature trends, especially the temperature in the center of biomass. It was shown that the temperature on the surface of the biomass reaches a peak of 727 Kelvin after 460 seconds; the temperature in the center of the biomass reaches 794 Kelvin after 433 seconds. It was shown that the activation energy and frequency coefficient are derived from the slope of the linear regression line and the intersection. (Conclusions) It was found that the process of pyrolysis of biomass of a corn cob particle occurred in the temperature range of 190-432 degrees Celsius; at a temperature of 190 degrees Celsius, the biomass began to lose mass, and the mass loss stopped at a temperature of 432 degrees Celsius. The kinetic parameters were calculated by the Kissinger method. The least squares method and correlation analysis were used to calculate kinetically constant parameters. It was stated that the results will be useful to optimize the process of pyrolysis of biomass. It was determined that in the Kissinger method the kinetic parameters were the same for the entire pyrolysis process; the correlation coefficient between temperature and heating rate in the model is 0.79.

ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ДИНАМІЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЗА НЕЛОКАЛЬНИХ УМОВ ПЕРЕВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИСОКОГО ПОРЯДКУ

We analyze the problem of identifying the constant parameters involved in the right-hand sides of a linear non-autonomous system of differential equations with first-order ordinary derivatives. The specificity of the problem is that additional conditions for identifying parameters, first, are non-local, and second, include derivatives of an unknown function. We examine the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the problem and propose two different approaches to the numerical solution of the problem. The results of computer experiments are presented. Keywords: dynamic system, parametric identification, loaded differential equation, conditions for the existence of a solution, computer experiments.

Studies on High-Resolution Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Formation with Pseudo-Random Agility of Interpulse Waveform Parameters

By means of alteration of the transmitted linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal waveform parameters, such as pulse width or chirp rate, initial phase, pulse repetition interval (PRI), and chirp rate polarity at every position of synthetic apertures, the pseudo-random agility technology of interpulse waveform parameters in airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) actively increases the complexity and uncertainty of radar waveforms. This technology confuses jamming interception receivers, thus improving its anti-interference ability for active coherent jamming, which is one of the main research interests of airborne SAR technology. But the pseudo-random agility technology for interpulse waveform parameters faces certain challenges of large computation and complex system design, which need to be further studied and solved. To address these issues, a processing scheme of high-resolution SAR image formation which is appropriate for agile interpulse waveform parameters is proposed in this paper. This method can deal with multiple agile parameters, not only single ones as in most existing literature. Its computation load is nearly comparable to that of traditional SAR image formation with constant waveform parameters. The high-resolution SAR imaging results obtained by processing SAR raw data with agile interpulse waveform parameters demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, real SAR images with resolutions of 0.5 m and 0.15 m, which are rarely found in the public literature, are shown under the circumstance of randomly changing the transmitted wideband LFM signal pulse parameters one by one.

Parameter estimation of transfer function of viscous clutch with electrorheological fluid and torque control

This article concerns the identification of a transfer function which contains principal design and dynamic parameters of a hydraulic viscous disc clutch operated and controlled by an electrorheological (ER) fluid as a working fluid. A mathematical model of clutch dynamics is created as part of the clutch identification. It is considered that the changes in torque over time are described by transfer function represented by the first-order system with time delay. A prototypic clutch and a test bench are constructed, and tests are performed. A high voltage step input is used to trigger the torque changes. Constant parameters of the first-order system with time delay are identified on the basis of bench tests. According to the values of these parameters, a proportional-integral (PI) controller is selected for the closed-loop control system. It is found that operation of such a control system utilizing the identified design parameters is acceptable with high accuracy under external disturbances.

Autonomous piecewise damping Josephson junction jerk oscillator: microcontroller implementation, controls, and combination synchronization

This paper evaluates the microcontroller implementation, offset boosting control, suppression of chaos, and combination of three types of synchronization in the autonomous piecewise damping Josephson junction (JJ) jerk oscillator (APDJJJO). The APDJJJO exhibits vast shapes of chaotic behaviors, bistable limit circles, bistable period-2-oscillation, and the coexistence of regular and chaotic behaviors exposed by numerical simulations. The microcontroller realization scheme of APDJJJO validates simulated dynamics. Proceeding, two constants are outlined in the rate equations of APDJJJO to achieve the linear offset boosting of constants based on the second and third state variables, respectively. The polarity of the chaotic signal of the second or third state variable can be flexibly altered by changing any of the two introduced constants while the other constant is kept at zero. When the two constants are equal, the second and third state variables can swap between bipolar and unipolar signals flexibly by altering the unique constant parameter. Moreover, theoretical probing is performed to validate the efficacy of the configured single controller engrossed in subduing chaos in APDJJJO. Lastly, the combination of three types of synchronization between two chaotic APDJJJO are analytically and numerically investigated.

On the Demonstration of a Humid Combustion System Performing Flexible Fuel-Switch From Pure Hydrogen to Natural Gas With Ultra-Low NOx Emissions

Abstract To fight global warming the European Union formulated the objective of completely decarbonizing the energy sector, stimulating the advent of unconventional fuels and the adaption of the corresponding energy infrastructure. The decarbonization strategy identified hydrogen to play a key role as an energy storage medium, making systems capable of pure hydrogen operation essential. This requirement can be fulfilled with humid power cycles which offer additional advantages such as highly efficient and fuel-flexible operation with low emissions. As an integral part of such a cycle, a humid combustion system was presented previously showing promising results with respect to complete combustion with low emissions for a variety of fuels. The current work introduces an upgraded version of that combustion system. The new Double Swirler system is capable of stable and safe combustion of low calorific value biosyngas surrogate, hydrogen, and natural gas, from dry to steam-rich conditions within the required pressure drops. The inclusion of dry operation of the system can benefit the startup procedure of the humid cycle. The combustor's fuel switching performance is demonstrated by a fast fuel switch at full load from pure hydrogen to pure natural gas and vice versa, while maintaining a stable performance with low NOx-emissions at otherwise constant operation parameters.

Implicit finite difference simulation of non-similar conduction–convection interaction of magnetohydrodynamics water-Cu nanofluid flow along a vertical surface

Heat-exchanging devices equipped with conventional thermal fluids are failing to meet the standard in terms of thermal efficiency. The inclusion of nanoparticles within a base fluid to improve thermal efficiency can be a great alternative but a proper understanding on the interactions during the heat transfer phenomena is required. This work examines the interactions between conduction and convection in a nanofluid of water and copper (Cu) particles. The investigation focuses on the behavior of the nanofluid, considering the impact of magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) flow over a vertical surface. The governing equations were non-dimensionalized by the suitable transformation and then were solved numerically by the implicit finite difference method (FDM). The key findings suggested that increasing magnetic parameter plummeted skin friction coefficient and accelerated the heat dissipation up to by augmenting the peaks of fluid velocity as well as the temperature under a constant volume fraction of nanoparticles. In addition, the thermal boundary layer thickness also increased concurrently. Alternatively, when a constant non-zero magnetic parameter was considered, and volume fraction of nanoparticles was allowed to vary, the convective heat transfer got enhanced. The findings from this study will assist the relevant industry to identify the suitable fraction of Cu nanoparticles in the presence of magnetic field in order to achieve the best thermal efficacy of a heat-exchanging unit.

Spatial Characterization of Wetting in Porous Media Using Local Lattice-Boltzmann Simulations

Wettability is one of the critical parameters affecting multiphase flow in porous media. The wettability is determined by the affinity of fluids to the rock surface, which varies due to factors such as mineral heterogeneity, roughness, ageing, and pore-space geometry. It is well known that wettability varies spatially in natural rocks, and it is still generally considered a constant parameter in pore-scale simulation studies. The accuracy of pore-scale simulation of multiphase flow in porous media is undermined by such inadequate wettability models. The advent of in situ visualization techniques, e.g. X-ray imaging and microtomography, enables us to characterize the spatial distribution of wetting more accurately. There are several approaches for such characterization. Most include the construction of a meshed surface of the interface surfaces in a segmented X-ray image and are known to have significant errors arising from insufficient resolution and surface-smoothing algorithms. This work presents a novel approach for spatial determination of wetting properties using local lattice-Boltzmann simulations. The scheme is computationally efficient as the segmented X-ray image is divided into subdomains before conducting the lattice-Boltzmann simulations, enabling fast simulations. To test the proposed method, it was applied to two synthetic cases with known wettability and three datasets of imaged fluid distributions. The wettability map was obtained for all samples using local lattice-Boltzmann calculations on trapped ganglia and optimization on surface affinity parameters. The results were quantitatively compared with a previously developed geometrical contact angle determination method. The two synthetic cases were used to validate the results of the developed workflow, as well as to compare the wettability results with the geometrical analysis method. It is shown that the developed workflow accurately characterizes the wetting state in the synthetic porous media with an acceptable uncertainty and is better to capture extreme wetting conditions. For the three datasets of imaged fluid distributions, our results show that the obtained contact angle distributions are consistent with the geometrical method. However, the obtained contact angle distributions tend to have a narrower span and are considered more realistic compared to the geometrical method. Finally, our results show the potential of the proposed scheme to efficiently obtain wettability maps of porous media using X-ray images of multiphase fluid distributions. The developed workflow can help for more accurate characterization of the wettability map in the porous media using limited experimental data, and hence more accurate digital rock analysis of multiphase flow in porous media.

Piecewise nonlinear resistor-capacitor shunted josephson junction circuit: dynamical and microcontroller implementation probing

This paper exposes the theoretical and microcontroller implementation probing of the piecewise nonlinear resistor-capacitor shunted Josephson junction circuit (PNRCSJJC). The PNRCSJJC is characterized by no steady state when the applied current is greater than one and exhibits two steady states in which one is a focus and its counterpart a saddle-node for excitation current less than or equal to one with credit to the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. The PNRCSJJC exhibits periodic characteristics, quasi-periodic characteristics, varying structures of chaotic characteristics, and coexisting behaviors which is proved qualitatively by the microcontroller execution method. The polarity of the chaotic signal in the voltage state variable is flexibly altered by varying a constant parameter included in the rate equations of PNRCSJJC.

Effect of 105 MeV gold ion irradiation on dielectric properties of PVC/PVDF@BaZrO3 nanohybrid thin film

The PVC/PVDF@BaZrO3 nanohybrid thin films were prepared by solution grown method. The dielectric constant of the films was higher due to BaZrO3 incorporation in the PVC/PVDF matrix. The PVDF and PVC/PVDF nanohybrid films were irradiated with 105 MeV Au2+ ion beam under vacuum condition at room temperature with two ion fluence. The irradiated thin film of PVC/PVDF@BaZrO3 exhibits relatively low dielectric constant with low loss at different temperature because of thermodynamic stability of β-phase. However, almost complete amorphization was observed in BaZrO3 filler in PVC/PVDF@BaZrO3 nanohybrid samples. After being irradiated with a 105 MeV Au2+ ion beam, the (ϵ′) dielectric constant, FTIR and SEM parameters were used to evaluate changes in dielectric and structural properties for all the samples. In FTIR spectra, new peaks appeared at 1705 cm−1, disappeared or minutely shifted due to high energy of ion beam. It is interesting to note that BaZrO3 phase becomes amorphized through 105 MeV Au2+ ion irradiation that causes an increased dielectric constant along with cross-linking effect of nanohybrid films.

Cross-flow Turbine Design with Taguchi Method Approach

The current energy demand is very large, while the use of energy, which mostly uses petroleum and coal, is not matched by the availability of energy sources. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research on alternative energy in order to provide energy security in the future. One alternative energy is water energy, which uses water turbines. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for design parameters for static pressure and magnitude speed in crossflow water turbine design. The testing was done using finite element method simulation, namely Autodesk CFD. Taguchi methodology analysis is used as an optimization method. The number of blades, blade angle, and water direction angle were set as design parameters with constant water discharge parameters. The resulting static pressure and magnitude velocity were observed as design criteria. The results of the Taguchi method analysis in this study show that the optimum static pressure received from the water turbine is at the number of blades, with 10 blades, a blade angle of 22°, and a water direction angle of 60°. While the optimum velocity of the water turbine is at the number of blades of 6, the blade angle is 20°, and the water direction angle is 60°.

Heat treatment of ground surface using an electric arc plasma generator

The article presents a generalization of the results of experimental and theoretical studies on the intensive thermal effect on the surface of foundations from cohesive soils (as opposed to deep heat treatment) using an electric arc generator of low-temperature plasma (plasmatron). A plasmatron with massive consumable electrodes made of borosilicated graphite and a wide "blurred" plasma torch was used for heat treatment. Physical and mathematical modeling of the thermal effect on the surface of clay soil by a moving high-temperature source has been performed. For the first time, a special installation was manufactured and experimental studies were carried out on the heat treatment of ground surfaces on the site with an electric arc plasma torch. It is established that the effective heat flux density reaches 2.5-.3.5 kW/cm2. The main part of the thermal energy for the used plasmatron enters the material due to radiant heat transfer. An analytical mathematical model of the temperature field of a three-dimensional semi-bounded body in the technological process under consideration is given by an essentially nonlinear boundary value problem for a nonlinear heat equation with nonlinear boundary conditions of the second kind. When solving thermophysical problems, the ground semi-bounded space was considered as a quasi-homogeneous medium having a constant initial temperature and initial thermophysical parameters that change in the process of temperature increase. The effective values of the thermophysical characteristics were determined on the basis of experimental data. Calculations and experiments have shown that the temperature boundary leading to significant changes in the structural properties of soils drops to a depth of 4-6 cm from the surface, despite the boiling of the ground melt with a temperature of 2500 ...2800 K on the ground surface. Therefore, a new technological principle of heat treatment is proposed, which consists in building up the ground melt in layers of 4-5 cm up from the initial surface. The impossibility of obtaining a positive effect even with the use of a powerful high-temperature source of exposure in the case of traditional surface heat treatment technology has been confirmed. The new plasma technology of surface heat treatment of ground surfaces to the stage of silicate melt allows to obtain a common layer of the required thickness. At the same time, the efficiency of surface heat treatment is significantly increased. The new technology of layer-by-layer surface deposition reduces cracking in the layer when the melt cools, but does not eliminate this negative process.

Anisotropic strange stars in extended [formula omitted] gravity with electromagnetic field

In the present article, we have studied the modified field equations for static, spherically symmetric spacetime in a more extended f(T,B,T) gravity in the framework of teleparallel geometries. In order to apply this gravity, we have explored anisotropic strange star configurations with the electromagnetic field. For this purpose, we have chosen off-diagonal tetrad fields to represent gravitational interaction. Also, a linear relationship between radial pressure and energy density through Bag constant C, defined as MIT Bag equation of state, has been employed to describe the strange quark matter distribution. A lot of tests have been done in the context of our solutions to confirm the stability and physical acceptability of our obtained stellar structure. In this connection, we have demonstrated a lot of graphs for two selected known compact stars VelaX−1 and SAXJ1808.4−3658, with respect to our calculations. Again, the significant role of T in our stellar configuration has been displayed by plotting all graphs for five selected values of β, the coefficient parameter of T in the functional form f(T,B,T). Finally, we have observed that stability criteria and physically well-behaved nature for thermodynamical parameters holds good to represent a strange star configuration in this model, corresponding to our considered constant parameters explicit expressions. Hence this proposed model becomes viable and acceptable to study strange star configuration in f(T,B,T) gravity.

The implementation of the method of reduced matrix D-trees in the Udf MAOPCs environment

The article explores the content of the MatrixDtrees function, which extends the functionality of the UDF MAOPCs and is designed to generate symbolic transfer functions of linear parametric circuits. This function represents a software implementation of the Transformed Matrix D-trees method. This method is an extension of the symbolic d-trees method, developed for constant parameters circuits, to parametric circuits. The extension involves the transition from algebraic operations with numbers and symbols in the d-trees method to matrix algebraic operations, taking into account the non-commutativity of matrix multiplication. The Transformed Matrix D-trees method significantly reduces computational time for modeling parametric circuits by factoring out similarities in complex symbolic expressions generated during the analysis process. The MatrixDtrees function allows for the steady-state analysis in highly complex parametric circuits. By such circuits, we mean circuits that contain dozens or hundreds of nodes and elements (including parametric ones). The article includes the results of analyzing a parametric long line model, which is represented by a combination of lumped parameters and consists of many cascaded elementary sections. Each of these sections is a combination of parametric inductance and constant capacitance. The paper presents the results of an experiment to determine the output voltage of a long line model containing 1025 nodes, 1024 constant capacitances, and 1024 parametric inductances. The results are comparable to calculations of the same long line model using the MicroCap program. The relative deviation between the calculation results for both programs was less than 1%. The calculation time for the Transformed Matrix D-trees method using the MatrixDtrees function was 18 minutes, whereas for the MicroCap program, it was 36 hours.

Dielectric and structural properties of double-sintered (Na1-xKx)NbO3, (0.460 ≤ x ≤ 0.485) ceramics

Ceramic samples of Na1-xKxNbO3, (0.460 ≤ x ≤ 0.485) were prepared by using the double sintering solid-state reaction method. The grain size and porosity were found to vary with composition. The dielectric constant of the material phase was obtained from the measured dielectric constant of the prepared ceramic pellets by applying porosity correction. Among the prepared compositions, the dielectric constant was observed to be minimum for x = 0.475. The temperature variation of the dielectric constant and lattice parameters was measured for the samples with x = 0.475, in the range from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C. Three distinct phase transitions, monoclinic to tetragonal, at about 205 °C; tetragonal to tetragonal, at about 410 °C; and tetragonal to cubic, at 460 °C, were observed from the dielectric constant and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) measurements of the prepared compositions.

Effect of stirring speed on low acyl gellan gum fluid gels’ rheology, particle morphology and physical ageing

Fluid gels are jammed suspensions of gelled particles widely used across several industries to functionalise materials. They can be obtained for example by applying shear to a gelling hydrocolloid during its sol-gel transition. In the present study, the impact of flow rate, modulated by applying different processing stirring speeds under constant geometrical parameters, on the rheology, particle morphology and physical ageing of low acyl gellan gum fluid gels was investigated. Fluid gel particle elongation was observed in samples processed at higher stirring speeds whereas, no decrease in particle size was measured. The increase in aspect ratio is attributed due to the flow rate experienced by the particles through the geometry used to manufacture the samples. Fluid gels processed at higher stirring speeds generally showed lower low-shear viscosity, elastic modulus and higher yielding properties and interconnectivity. This might be due to the elongation of the fluid gel particles which would decrease particle voluminosity but increase the likelihood of mechanical entanglement, increasing their viscous dissipation. In addition, samples manufactured at higher stirring speeds exhibited a G′ increase with the number of shear cycles performed whereas, samples processed at lower stirring speeds showed a G′ decrease with the number of shear cycles performed. This behaviour might be caused by the balance between two counteracting mechanisms: abrasion (decrease in G′) and compaction (increase in G′). In addition, the higher the stirring speed the higher the ageing exponent. This might be due to the larger surface area of elongated particles which might ease interparticle link formation. Furthermore, the impact of the gravitational field on the physical ageing of low acyl gellan gum fluid gels was investigated by entrapping silica microparticles within the fluid gel particles, allowing tuning the density difference between the continuous and dispersed fluid gel phases. Finally, this study helps providing a better understanding on how processing stirring speed could be used to tune fluid gels’ properties for specific industrial applications.

Mathematical modeling of exercise fatigability in the severe domain: A unifying integrative framework in isokinetic condition

Muscle fatigue is the decay in the ability of muscles to generate force, and results from neural and metabolic perturbations. This article presents an integrative mathematical model that describes the decrease in maximal force capacity (i.e. fatigue) over exercises performed at intensities above the critical force Fc (i.e. severe domain). The model unifies the previous Critical Power Model and All-Out Model and can be applied to any exercise described by a changing force F over time. The assumptions of the model are (i) isokinetic conditions, an intensity domain of Fc<F, (ii) constant individual parameters of Fc, and τ, (iii) fatigability proportional to the accumulation of impulse JAC above the critical force Fc. The present study adjusted the parameters to fit previous experimental observations from three types of exercises: constant intensity, all-out, and increasing ramp exercise. This integrative model establishes a connection between the previous individual models and provides an excellent description of exercise fatigability in the severe domain. With this new integrative model, the maximal force production of the muscle can be predicted over time during both maximal and submaximal exercises.

Evaluation of structural and corrosion behavior of chitosan/silver coating on Ti6Al4V/TiO2 nanotubular surface

Materials used in biomedical applications must have good bulk and surface properties. The main goal of this work is to create a multifunctional surface based on chitosan-coated Ag-loaded TiO2 nanotubes to assess their capacity in the corrosion resistance property. In the first phase, Ag-loaded TiO2 nanotubular surfaces with different weight percentages of silver were fabricated at a constant voltage of 2 V under varied time durations of 1 min, 2 min, and 3 min. In the second phase, cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to coat the samples with chitosan by applying 10 V for 5 min as a constant process parameter for coating all the samples. The composition and morphology features of in-house fabricated Ag-loaded TiO2 nanotubular surface with chitosan were studied by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Contact angle measurement. The corrosion resistance of the coated samples was assessed by using OCP, PDP, and EIS techniques. The results evidenced that chitosan-coated Ag-loaded (2 V 2 min) TiO2 nanotubular surface (TNT-Ag2.2/Ch) showed the best performance as a coating system when compared to an uncoated surface. Also, electrochemical corrosion studies showed better corrosion resistance for this coated sample. In this context, the chitosan that has been deposited serves as a protective barrier, facilitating the penetration of the physiological solution into the underlying metal surface. Overall, the TNT-Ag2.2/Ch coated sample showed 5 times better results when compared with icorr values. Finally, the newly developed chitosan-coated Ag-loaded TiO2 nanotubular surface improve the corrosion resistance of the polished Ti6Al4V alloy.

Harmonizing sound and light: X-ray imaging unveils acoustic signatures of stochastic inter-regime instabilities during laser melting

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a metal additive manufacturing technique involving complex interplays between vapor, liquid, and solid phases. Despite LPBF’s advantageous capabilities compared to conventional manufacturing methods, the underlying physical phenomena can result in inter-regime instabilities followed by transitions between conduction and keyhole melting regimes — leading to defects. We investigate these issues through operando synchrotron X-ray imaging synchronized with acoustic emission recording, during the remelting processes of LPBF-produced thin walls, monitoring regime changes occurring under constant laser processing parameters. The collected data show an increment in acoustic signal amplitude when switching from conduction to keyhole regime, which we correlate to changes in laser absorptivity. Moreover, a full correlation between X-ray imaging and the acoustic signals permits the design of a simple filtering algorithm to predict the melting regimes. As a result, conduction, stable keyhole, and unstable keyhole regimes are identified with a time resolution of 100 µs, even under rapid transitions, providing a straightforward method to accurately detect undesired processing regimes without the use of artificial intelligence.