Constant Interest Force Research Articles

The infinite-time ruin probability for a bidimensional renewal risk model with constant force of interest and dependent claims

ABSTRACTThis article studies a continuous-time bidimensional risk model, in which an insurer simultaneously confronts two kinds of claim sharing a common renewal claim-number process. Under the assumption that the claim size vectors form a sequence of independent and identically distributed random vectors following a common bivariate Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern distribution with extended regularly varying margins, we derive an explicit asymptotic formula for the corresponding infinite-time ruin probability.

Uniformly asymptotic behavior for the tail probability of discounted aggregate claims in the time-dependent risk model with upper tail asymptotically independent claims

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the tail behavior of discounted aggregate claims in a dependent risk model with constant interest force, in which the claim sizes are of upper tail asymptotic independence structure, and the claim size and its corresponding inter-claim time satisfy a certain dependence structure described by a conditional tail probability of the claim size given the inter-claim time before the claim occurs. For the case that the claim size distribution belongs to the intersection of long-tailed distribution class and dominant variation class, we obtain an asymptotic formula, which holds uniformly for all times in a finite interval. Moreover, we prove that if the claim size distribution belongs to the consistent variation class, the formula holds uniformly for all times in an infinite interval.

THE ULTIMATE RUIN PROBABILITY OF A DEPENDENT DELAYED-CLAIM RISK MODEL PERTURBED BY DIFFUSION WITH CONSTANT FORCE OF INTEREST

Recently, Li [12] gave an asymptotic formula for the ultimate ruin probability in a delayed-claim risk model with constant force of interest and pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent and extended-regularly-varying-tailed claims. This paper extends Li's result to the case in which the risk model is perturbed by diffusion, the claims are consistently-varying-tailed and the main-claim interarrival times are widely lower orthant dependent.

Uniform asymptotic estimate for finite-time ruin probabilities of a time-dependent bidimensional renewal model

This paper studies a bidimensional renewal risk model with constant force of interest and subexponentially distributed claim size vector. Some uniform asymptotic estimates for finite-time ruin probabilities are established when the claim size vector and its inter-arrival time are subject to certain general dependence structure.

Ruin probabilities and optimal investment when the stock price follows an exponential Lévy process

This paper investigates the infinite and finite time ruin probability under the condition that the company is allowed to invest a certain amount of money in some stock market, and the remaining reserve in the bond with constant interest force. The total insurance claim amount is modeled by a compound Poisson process and the price of the risky asset follows a general exponential Lévy process. Exponential type upper bounds for the ultimate ruin probability are derived when the investment is a fixed constant, which can be calculated explicitly. This constant investment strategy yields the optimal asymptotic decay of the ruin probability under some mild assumptions. Finally, we provide an approximation of the optimal investment strategy, which maximizes the expected wealth of the insurance company under a risk constraint on the Value-at-Risk.

The Asymptotics of Recovery Probability in the Dual Renewal Risk Model with Constant Interest and Debit Force.

The asymptotic behavior of the recovery probability for the dual renewal risk model with constant interest and debit force is studied. By means the idea of Markov Skeleton method, we studied the times that the random premium incomes happened and transformed the continuous time model into a discrete time model. By investigating the fluctuations of this discrete time model, we obtained the asymptotic behavior when the random premium income belongs to a kind of heavy-tailed distributions.

Optimal Control with Restrictions for a Diffusion Risk Model Under Constant Interest Force

In this paper, we study optimal dividend problems in a diffusion risk model for two different cases depending on whether reinsurance is incorporated. In either case, the dividend rate is bounded above by a constant, and the company earns investment income at a constant force of interest. Unlike existing approaches in the literature dealing with optimal problems with interest, we allow the force of interest to be greater than the discount factor, and we use a different method to solve the corresponding Hamilton---Jacobi---Bellman (HJB) equation instead of introducing a confluent hypergeometric function. We conclude that the optimal dividend policy is of a threshold type and show that the corresponding dividend barrier is nondecreasing in the dividend rate bound. In cases where there is no reinsurance, we construct an auxiliary reflecting control problem to find the nonzero dividend barrier. If proportional reinsurance is purchased, the optimal reinsurance strategy looks somewhat strange. The optimal retention level of risk first increases monotonically with risk reserve to some possible value (less than $$1$$1) and then stays at level $$1$$1 for a while or, if $$1$$1 has been reached, finally, it decreases to 0.

Finite Time Ruin Probability of the Compound Renewal Model with Constant Interest Rate and Weakly Negatively Dependent Claims with Heavy Tails

This paper establishes a simple asymptotic formula for the finite time ruin probability of a compound renewal risk model with constant interest force. We assume that the claim sizes are Weakly Negatively Dependent (WND) and identically distributed random variables belonging to the class of regularly varying tails. The results obtained have extended and improved some corresponding results of related papers.

Dividend optimization under reserve constraints for the Cramér–Lundberg model compounded by force of interest

We study the dividend optimization problem for a company where surplus in the absence of dividend payments follows a Cramér–Lundberg process compounded by constant force of interest. The company controls the times and amounts of dividend payments subject to reserve constraints that dividends are not payable if the surplus is below b0 and that a dividend payment, if any, cannot reduce the surplus to a level below b0, and its objective is to maximize the expected total discounted dividends. We show how the optimality can be achieved under the constraints and construct an optimal strategy of a band type.

Asymptotic behavior of the finite-time ruin probability with pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent claims and constant interest force

This paper will obtain an asymptotic formula of the finite-time ruin probability in a generalized risk model with constant interest force, in which the claim sizes are pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent and their arrival process is an arbitrary counting process. In particular, when the claim inter-arrival times follow a certain dependence structure, the result obtained can also include an asymptotic formula for the infinite-time ruin probability.

Asymptotic finite-time ruin probability for a bidimensional renewal risk model with constant interest force and dependent subexponential claims

This paper considers a bidimensional renewal risk model with constant interest force and dependent subexponential claims. Under the assumption that the claim size vectors form a sequence of independent and identically distributed random vectors following a common bivariate Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern distribution, we derive for the finite-time ruin probability an explicit asymptotic formula.

ASYMPTOTIC RUIN PROBABILITIES IN A GENERALIZED JUMP-DIFFUSION RISK MODEL WITH CONSTANT FORCE OF INTEREST

This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of the finite-time ruin probability in a jump-diffusion risk model with constant force of interest, upper tail asymptotically independent claims and a general counting arrival process. Particularly, if the claim inter-arrival times follow a certain dependence structure, the obtained result also covers the case of the infinite-time ruin probability.

Asymptotic ruin probabilities in a generalized bidimensional risk model perturbed by diffusion with constant force of interest

In the paper, we study three types of finite-time ruin probabilities in a diffusion-perturbed bidimensional risk model with constant force of interest, pairwise strongly quasi-asymptotically independent claims and two general claim arrival processes, and obtain uniformly asymptotic formulas for times in a finite interval when the claims are both long-tailed and dominatedly-varying-tailed. In particular, with a certain dependence structure among the inter-arrival times, these formulas hold uniformly for all times when the claims are pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent and consistently-varying-tailed.

Cox risk model with variable premium rate and stochastic return on investment

This paper studies the ruin probability for a Cox risk model with intensity depending on premiums and stochastic investment returns, and the model proposed in this paper allows the dependence between premiums and claims. When the surplus is invested in the bond market with constant interest force, coupled integral equations for the Gerber–Shiu expected discounted penalty function (GS function) are derived; together with the initial value and Laplace transformation of the GS function, we provide a numerical procedure for obtaining the GS function. When the surplus can be invested in risky asset driven by a drifted Brownian motion, we focus on finding a minimal upper bound of ruin probability and find that optimal piecewise constant policy yields the minimal upper bound. It turns out that the optimal piecewise constant policy is asymptotically optimal when initial surplus tends to infinity.

Ruin Probability in a Semi-Markov Risk Model with Constant Interest Force and Heavy-Tailed Claims

In the present paper, we consider a kind of semi-Markov risk model (SMRM) with constant interest force and heavy-tailed claims, in which the claim rates and sizes are conditionally independent, both fluctuating according to the state of the risk business. First, we derive a matrix integro-differential equation satisfied by the survival probabilities. Second, we analyze the asymptotic behaviors of ruin probabilities in a two-state SMRM with special claim amounts. It is shown that the asymptotic behaviors of ruin probabilities depend only on the state 2 with heavy-tailed claim amounts, not on the state 1 with exponential claim sizes.

UNIFORM ASYMPTOTICS FOR THE FINITE-TIME RUIN PROBABILITY IN A GENERAL RISK MODEL WITH PAIRWISE QUASI-ASYMPTOTICALLY INDEPENDENT CLAIMS AND CONSTANT INTEREST FORCE

In the paper we study the finite-time ruin probability in a general risk model with constant interest force, in which the claim sizes are pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent and arrive according to an arbitrary counting process, and the premium process is a general stochastic process. For the case that the claim-size distribution belongs to the consistent variation class, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the finite-time ruin probability, which holds uniformly for all time horizons varying in a relevant infinite interval. The obtained result also includes an asymptotic formula for the infinite-time ruin probability.

Uniform asymptotics for the finite-time ruin probability with upper tail asymptotically independent claims and constant force of interest

This paper investigates the finite-time ruin probability in a risk model with constant force of interest, upper tail asymptotically independent claims, and a general claim arrival process. We obtain a uniformly asymptotic formula for times in a finite interval. In particular, with a certain dependence among the inter-arrival times, the formula holds uniformly for all times.

On the Renewal Risk Model with Constant Interest Force

On the Renewal Risk Model with Constant Interest Force

Optimal Dividend and Capital Injection Strategies for a Risk Model under Force of Interest

As a generalization of the classical Cramér-Lundberg risk model, we consider a risk model including a constant force of interest in the present paper. Most optimal dividend strategies which only consider the processes modeling the surplus of a risk business are absorbed at 0. However, in many cases, negative surplus does not necessarily mean that the business has to stop. Therefore, we assume that negative surplus is not allowed and the beneficiary of the dividends is required to inject capital into the insurance company to ensure that its risk process stays nonnegative. For this risk model, we show that the optimal dividend strategy which maximizes the discounted dividend payments minus the penalized discounted capital injections is a threshold strategy for the case of the dividend payout rate which is bounded by some positive constant and the optimal injection strategy is to inject capitals immediately to make the company's assets back to zero when the surplus of the company becomes negative.

Uniform Asymptotics for the Finite-Time Ruin Probability of a Time-Dependent Risk Model with Pairwise Quasiasymptotically Independent Claims

We consider a generalized time-dependent risk model with constant interest force, where the claim sizes are of pairwise quasiasymptotical independence structure, and the claim size and its interclaim time satisfy a dependence structure defined by a conditional tail probability of the claim size given the interclaim time before the claim occurs. As the claim-size distribution belongs to the dominated variation class, we establish some weakly asymptotic formulae for the tail probability of discounted aggregate claims and the finite-time ruin probability, which hold uniformly for all times in a relevant infinite interval.