Constant Demand Research Articles

A Novel Model for Economic Recycle Quantity with Two-Level Piecewise Constant Demand and Shortages

This paper focuses on the production systems that may produce a proportion of recyclable defective products. The developed model is called an Economic Recycle Quantity (ERQ) model with the assumption of a full recovery of defective items. The defective parts are collected during the production-off time and can be used during the next production cycle of the same category. The demand rate of the non-defective items is a two-level piecewise factor—one during the production-run time and another during the production-off time. The developed model aims to optimize the total inventory cost, the order quantity, and the amount of recyclable defective items that represent the ERQ. The mathematical formulations of the model are deduced theoretically. The model was solved analytically, and the optimal results are illustrated. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of varying system parameters and validate the proposed model. Results of the sensitivity analysis show that the consideration of defective part recycling reduces the total inventory cost where the raw material is reduced. The cost reduction is about 1%; of course, the environmental impact is more appreciated. Furthermore, the managerial implications are described, and the future perspectives are discussed.

A comprehensive analysis of linear and non-linear deterioration rates in dual-warehouse inventory systems

This study presents an inventory system where items have an initial linear deterioration rate that transitions to a non-linear pattern, addressing a critical aspect of contemporary supply chain management. Our research introduces a dual warehouse inventory model comprising a rented facility and utilizing an owned warehouse. This unique approach is geared towards products experiencing a shift in deterioration rates, starting linearly and progressing non-linearly. The model operates under a constant demand rate, allowing for partial backlogging during shortages. Key to our analysis are distinct holding costs assigned to each warehouse, reflecting real-world scenarios. We derive conditions that minimize the total cost, supporting these with numerical examples spanning various parameter settings. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis evaluates the influence of each parameter’s alteration, keeping others constant. This analysis illuminates the model’s robustness and adaptability to different operational contexts. The findings offer significant managerial implications, providing valuable insights for effectively managing inventory in scenarios where product deterioration rates change over time. Our approach distinguishes itself by integrating linear and non-linear deterioration patterns within a dual warehouse system, a novel contribution to inventory management literature. The practical relevance of our model is underlined by its applicability in diverse supply chain environments, making it an essential tool for contemporary inventory management strategies.

Does an R2R3-MYB transcription factor affect anthurium spathe colour variation via regulation of vacuolar pH?

The anthurium is a popular cut flower worldwide having red, pink, coral, white, green, or brown spathes. There is a constant demand for new flower colours in the commercial market. Flower colour in plants is mainly determined by anthocyanins. Understanding anthocyanin variation and other factors affecting anthurium spathe colour is important for genetic engineering approaches. Therefore, our objectives were to assess the factors affecting colour variation of selected commercially available cut flower anthuriums and to determine the associated regulatory networks and transcription factors (TFs). Nineteen commercial cut flower anthurium cultivars were selected for this purpose. The colour of the spathe surface, anthocyanin location, anthocyanidin type and vacuolar pH were recorded. Anthocyanin associated Gene Network Model generation and analysis were carried out. The CIELAB colourimeter procedure indicated the colour variation among the selected 19 cultivars in terms of colour type, colour intensity, chroma, and hue angle. The location of anthocyanin was limited to mesophyll and epidermal cells. Cyanidin was detected in tested anthurium cultivars as the main anthocyanidin. The pH gradient in pigment extracts indicated a variation with a range of 4.6 to 4.94. The gene pathways of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport were associated with that of the vacuolar pH/H+ pump according to Gene Network Model. Three pathways were regulated by an R2R3-MYB transcription factor. Although, cyanidin was the only pigment in all the tested cultivars, different pH levels by R2R3-MYB regulated V-H+ synthase was suggested to be the cause of the high colour variation in addition to the anthocyanidin type and location. Our results indicate the application of R2R3-MYB transcription factor genes for desirable vacuolar pH maintenance in genetic engineering of the blue anthurium in the future.

Three-rates of production inventory models for deteriorating items with constant, linear and quadratic demand - comparative study

Three-rates of production inventory models for deteriorating items with constant, linear and quadratic demand - comparative study

РЫНОК МОЛОКА КАК ФАКТОР УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The agri-food market sector of the country’s socio-economic system is represented by different markets, among which the milk market occupies an important place, providing the country’s population with the most important product that determines the country’s food security, balanced development of the economy of agriculture and related industries, increasing the efficiency of labor use in the agricultural sector, smoothing out seasonality in the use of labor. The relevance of the topic of scientific research is determined by the fact that the state and vector of development of the milk market is in close interaction with the sustainable development of rural areas, since its functioning is manifested through the use of resources, as part of rural areas, to create a dairy product in response to meet constant demand, both at the moment and in the future. Taking into account the multidirectional nature of the category of sustainable development of rural areas and the multifunctionality of the milk market, it is advisable to monitor its state in a dynamic market environment and manage the elements of the market mechanism at all levels of the economy.

Production System for Delayed Deterioration Inventories with Two-Level Production Rate, Stock-Dependent Demand Rate and Linear Holding Cost Under Trade Credit Policy

This paper introduces an optimized total variable cost model for a production inventory system dealing with delayed deteriorating items. The model incorporates a two-level production rate and a stock-dependent demand rate, all operating under a trade credit policy. The demand rate remains constant during the inventory build-up period, but post-production, before deterioration, it varies based on product availability and nature. The inventory depletes to zero in the model’s final stage due to the combined impact of constant demand and deterioration rates. To characterize the optimality of the analytical results, the paper utilizes theorems and lemmas. The model’s dynamics are described by differential equations, which are solved using MATLAB. A numerical experiment is conducted to demonstrate the practicality of the developed models. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to illustrate how changes in selected system parameters affect the total variable costs determined in the numerical example. The paper concludes with suggestions and recommendations aimed at reducing the total variable cost. Ultimately, it is demonstrated that the developed model surpasses the one presented in the working paper. The proposed model could be used in inventory management and control of items that exhibit delayed in deterioration to minimises the total variable cost when sudden distraction of production process occurred as revealed by the the result presented.

Biological activity of lyophilized chitosan scaffolds with inclusion of chitosan and zinc oxide nanoparticles.

The constant demand for biocompatible and non-invasive materials for regenerative medicine in accidents and various diseases has driven the development of innovative biomaterials that promote biomedical applications. In this context, using sol-gel and ionotropic gelation methods, zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs-ZnO) and chitosan nanoparticles (NPs-CS) were synthesized with sizes of 20.0 nm and 11.98 nm, respectively. These nanoparticles were incorporated into chitosan scaffolds through the freeze-drying method, generating a porous morphology with small (<100 μm), medium (100-200 μm), and large (200-450 μm) pore sizes. Moreover, the four formulations showed preliminary bioactivity after hydrolytic degradation, facilitating the formation of a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on the scaffold surface, as evidenced by the presence of Ca (4%) and P (5.1%) during hydrolytic degradation. The scaffolds exhibited average antibacterial activity of F1 = 92.93%, F2 = 99.90%, F3 = 74.10%, and F4 = 88.72% against four bacterial strains: K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, S. enterica, and S. aureus. In vivo, evaluation confirmed the biocompatibility of the functionalized scaffolds, where F2 showed accelerated resorption attributed to the NPs-ZnO. At the same time, F3 exhibited controlled degradation with NPs-CS acting as initiation points for degradation. On the other hand, F4 combined NPs-CS and NPs-ZnO, resulting in progressive degradation, reduced inflammation, and an organized extracellular matrix. All the results presented expand the boundaries in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by highlighting the crucial role of nanoparticles in optimizing scaffold properties.

Vendor and Business Relationship Management in High-Stakes Technological Environments

In high-stakes technological environments, where the stakes involve critical operations, data security, and compliance with complex regulations, the management of vendor and business relationships becomes a pivotal factor in ensuring success and sustainability. This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of vendor and business relationship management within these high-stakes contexts, focusing on industries such as healthcare, finance, defense, and large-scale technology projects. The study examines the multifaceted challenges that organizations face, including rapid technological advancements, cybersecurity threats, regulatory pressures, and the constant demand for innovation. These challenges often strain vendor relationships, requiring businesses to adopt more sophisticated and proactive management strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis of theoretical frameworks like Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependence Theory, the paper explores how these models can be applied to understand and improve vendor relationship management in technologically intensive sectors. Additionally, the research incorporates case studies from various industries to illustrate the practical implications of these relationships and the outcomes of both successful and unsuccessful management strategies. The case studies reveal that organizations which prioritize transparent communication, trust, and continuous improvement in their vendor relationships tend to achieve better outcomes, including enhanced innovation, risk mitigation, and compliance with industry regulations.

Fabrication of a System to Convert Waste Plastic into Fuel

The widespread use of plastics in numerous industries over the worldwide has expanded its output throughout time. The constant demand for plastics resulted in the piling of its garbage in landfills, which occupied a lot of space and contributed to the environmental disaster. Plastics consumption increased, resulting in the depletion of petroleum products which is a non-renewable fossil energy source, as plastics were petroleum-based materials. As a result, pyrolysis is offered as a tertiary recycling method. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of materials in the absence of oxygen at high temperatures (or an inert atmosphere). In the presence of heat, it is a chemical reaction process that includes the molecular breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. Plastic trash pyrolysis might play an essential role in transforming this solid waste with high thermal energy into power and commercially expensive hydrocarbons that can be utilised as fuels or feed stock in the petrochemical sector. The composition of the plastic waste influences the end product yields and attributes. This work has unleashed the possibilities to obtain the fuel from the waste plastics, utilising the renewable resources with the temperature range of about 180-220 °C was achieved with our pyrolysis reactor. The fuel with different compositions of plastics were obtained through the pyrolysis method under the absence of the oxygen in a closely monitored environment obtaining a combustible fuel and later on, the fuel properties were tested and analysed with various trial and error methods.

Energy-efficient resource allocation in cloud infrastructure using L3F-MGA and E-ANFIS

In industry along with academia, Task Scheduling (TS) along with Resources Allocation (RA) remains a challenging issue even though lots of work was carried out in the Cloud Computing (CC) field. CC uses massive virtualized Data Centers (DC). Still, it took an enormous quantity of energy on account of the constant demand by users for resources in addition to inefficient RA techniques. The higher Energy Consumption (EC) because of improper RA inside DC can be overcome using energy-aware RA techniques. Therefore, this paper proposes a Levy flight Firefly Modified Genetic Algorithm (L3F-MGA) as well as an Entropy-based Adaptive Neuros-Fuzzy Inferences System (E-ANFIS) for energy-efficient Resources Allocation (EE-RA) in cloud structure that manages the user demands and also lessens the EC of Cloud Data Center (CDC). In the proposed work, centred on task features together with cloud resource features, the input tasks are arranged using L3F-MGA. Conversely, the Virtual Machine (VM) status is identified. After that, centred on the task feature and VM status details, the E-ANFIS allows the active VM to complete the tasks effectively. The experiments compare the proposed method's performance for effective RA with other associated works. The proposed RA technique shows EC by 11 % lesser than the existing CM-GA. The Processing Time of E-ANFIS is 8 % lesser than CM-GA, 14 % less than ANFIS, 20 % less than GA, and 16 % less than PSO.

Tailoring nanoprecipitates to achieve ultrahigh strength (CoCrNi)94.5W3Ta2.5 medium-entropy alloys

Metallic materials with high mechanical performance are in constant demand by various engineering applications. However, most conventional strengthening mechanisms inevitably suffer from fiercely sacrificing ductility, which severely limits service safety of metallic alloys, especially under various harsh circumstances. In this work, a novel ultra-strong (CoCrNi)94.5W3Ta2.5 medium entropy alloy (MEA) with dual nanoprecipitates is successfully developed. By conducting multiple thermomechanical processes, not only quantities of coherent γ" nanoprecipitates with D022 superlattice are introduced, but also massive semi-coherent η nanoprecipitates with hexagonal D024 superlattice are reconstructed with appropriate sizes and distributions, meanwhile ultrafine grains are achieved, together enabling superior strength-ductility synergies. This MEA exhibits not only high tensile strength of about 1.7 GPa and ultimate elongation of 23.8 % at room temperature, but also ultra-high tensile strength of about 2.2 GPa and still sufficient ultimate elongation of 13.2 % at cryogenic temperature. In-depth microstructure characterization indicates that the nanoprecipitates are effective barriers to dislocation motion at the early stages of plastic deformation. Intriguingly, the slip and deformation twinning could be transmitted across the phase boundaries with increasing applied strain, ensuring both strength enhancement and plasticity maintenance. At cryogenic temperature, much more complex deformation mechanisms are activated, e.g., multiple slip systems and high-density deformation twins, facilitating even better mechanical properties. The design concept of strengthening materials via tailoring dual coherent nanoprecipitates may afford a paradigm to develop advanced metallic materials with ultrahigh strength.

Plant testing with hemp and miscanthus to assess phytomanagement options including biostimulants and mycorrhizae on a metal-contaminated soil to provide biomass for sustainable biofuel production

The need of biofuels from biomass, including sustainable aviation fuel, without using agricultural land dedicated to food crops, is in constant demand. Strategies to intensify biomass production using mycorrhizal fungi, biostimulants and their combinations could be solutions for improving the cultivation of lignocellulosic plants but still lack well-established validation on metal-contaminated soils. This study aimed to assess the yield of Miscanthus x giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter and Cannabis sativa L. grown on a metal-contaminated agricultural soil (11 mg Cd, 536 mg Pb and 955 mg Zn kg−1) amended with biostimulants and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptake. A pot trial was carried out with soil collected from a field near a former Pb/Zn smelter in France and six treatments: control (C), protein hydrolysate (a mixture of peptides and amino acids, PH), humic/fulvic acids (HFA), arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), PH combined with AMF (PHxAMF), and HFA combined with AMF (HFAxAMF). Metal concentrations in the soil pore water (SPW), pH and electrical conductivity were measured over time. Miscanthus and hemp shoots were harvested on day 90. Both PH and PHxAMF treatments increased SPW Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations (e.g. by 26, 1.9, and 22.9 times for miscanthus and 9.7, 4.7, and 19.3 times for hemp in the PH and PHxAMF treatments as compared to the control one, respectively). This led to phytotoxicity and reduced shoot yield for miscanthus. Conversely, HFA and HFAxAMF treatments decreased SPW Cd and Zn concentrations, increasing shoot yields for hemp and miscanthus. Shoot Cd, Pb, and Zn uptakes peaked for PH and PHxAMF hemp plants (in μg plant-1, Cd: 310–334, Pb: 34–38, and Zn: 232–309 for PHxAMF and PH, respectively), while lowest values occurred for PH miscanthus plants mainly due to low shoot yield. Overall, this study suggested that humic/fulvic acids can be an effective biostimulant for increasing shoot biomass production in a metal-contaminated soil. These results warrant further investigations of the HFAxAMF in field trials.

EXPRESS ANALYSIS OF PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND POWER TATIONS AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION IN THE AZOV-BLACK SEA REGION OF UKRAINE

Ukraine takes part in the implementation of the European program «2´40 GW Green Hydrogen Initiative». It is planned to build 10 GW of electrolyser capacity on the territory of Ukraine for the production of «green» hydrogen using the energy of wind power stations in the Azov-Black Sea region. Territorial sea waters of Ukraine are characterized by a significant potential of offshore wind energy, which is currently developing rapidly in the world. One of the alternative options for supplying fresh water for the operation of electrolysers when powered by offshore wind power stations involves using desalinated seawater. The operation of 10 GW of electrolyser capacity will ensure the production of «green» hydrogen in the amount of 1.65 million tons per year and will require the consumption of prepared fresh water of about 24 million m3/year. Seawater desalination is an established technology that is widely used worldwide to reduce freshwater scarcity. The use of energy from wind power stations for seawater desalination is an alternative option within the scope of this Program. However, the mismatch between the random nature of wind power generation and the constant energy demand for desalination makes the integration between the two technologies all the more important. The goal of this paper is to estimate the probabilistic annual ensuring of given levels of power and volume of electricity production by wind power stations in the coastal and offshore territories of the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine. The probabilistic annual distributions of wind speed and energy indicators of wind power stations for a height of 100 meters were studied, the average annual wind speed of about 7.5 m/s was substantiated. An achievable value of the utilization rate of the installed capacity of wind power stations was obtained at the level of 35 %, provided that the generated energy is fully integrated into the technological schemes of water desalination. The duration of production of full and half volumes of electricity production and power generation is determined. Algorithms for calculating the probability of exceeding various required power levels and volumes of electricity production by wind power stations have been developed. Bibl. 48, Fig. 6, Tab. 4.

The potential of Lamiaceae essential oils against respiratory tract diseases – a mini-review

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common infections in the global population, particularly among children. Due to the rise of antibiotic resistance, multidrug-resistant bacteria, and the numerous adverse effects of synthetic drugs, there is a constant demand for new and safe alternative treatments. Natural plant-based alternatives have become more popular, while chemical drugs have been questioned for their safety and side effects. One of the most promising solutions to the global issue of respiratory tract infections is the exploration of the antiviral and antibacterial properties of essential oils (EOs). Because of their volatility, EOs can be inhaled, allowing them to reach both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Additionally, their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties along with their phytochemical composition make them more effective for treating respiratory tract infections. Humans are less likely to be affected by EOs because of their low toxicity and less risk of resistance to pathogenic organisms. Lamiaceae (also called Labiatae) is one of the most important herbal families, and it incorporates a wide range of plants like thyme, holy basil, rosemary, basil, etc. with potential therapeutic properties. The pharmacological properties of Lamiaceae are mainly due to its EOs, which have various activities like anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, insecticidal, neuroprotective, anti-asthmatic, and others. Overall, the main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the general characteristics of certain EOs from the Lamiaceae family about their ability to alleviate the signs and symptoms of respiratory diseases, including respiratory tract infections.

‘Maslow before Bloom’: Implementing a caring pedagogy during Covid-19

This article draws on interviews undertaken with 20 teachers as part of a larger study on the impact of Covid-19 on schools. Although the schools varied by location, level, and socio-economic status, teachers’ experiences were remarkably similar. Teachers found the sudden move to on-line learning stressful, and the constant demands of delivering a different style of pedagogy, maintaining contact with students and their families, and looking after their own family situations exhausting. Participants who worked in isolated or less advantaged communities were also attending to delivering learning devices, food and basic supplies to their families and communities. In this article, we present the data in in both thematic and poetic styles to highlight the nature of the caring pedagogy that they undertook as schools moved in and out of lockdowns, despite the toll that it took on them, personally and professionally.

The relationship between spatial orientation and attention in construction workers

The choice of this study was influenced by the relevance and dynamism of the construction industry, a continuously expanding and important sphere in the industrial context. The dynamics of the construction sector, manifested by the constant demand for innovative structures and the desire of individuals to live in spaces that reflect the latest trends, generate fierce competition among investors to propose novel architectural solutions. This situation is driving construction professionals to constantly improve their skills and adapt to new challenges. This study highlights the importance of comprehensively investigating the skills of construction workers, particularly in terms of spatial and concentration skills, which are essential for performance in this profession. From a structural perspective, the dissertation addresses two fundamental dimensions: a theoretical framework and an applied component. The applied section is divided into a chapter on research methodology, where key concepts such as study objectives and hypotheses, sample selection according to established criteria, research design and applicable ethical norms are elucidated, and a chapter focusing on data analysis and interpretation, which encompasses a detailed examination of the hypotheses and culminates in relevant psychological interpretations.

Синергетический подход к разработке легкого пористого металлического пеноматериала на основе алюминия с использованием литейно-металлургического метода

Introduction. A synergetic approach to the development of lightweight aluminium metal foam by stir casting process is presented and various mechanical properties and microstructure are tested. The purpose of this study is due to the constant industrial demand for lightweight materials and increased research interest in porous substrates, mainly due to its unique properties. Materials and method. The method used for developing metallic aluminium foam was stir casting with calcium carbonate as a foaming agent to achieve a target interconnected porous microenvironment on a metal foam substrate. Results and Discussion. A set of physical properties, such as apparent density (1.8 g/cm3), relative density (0.67 g/cm3) and porosity (30%) of the developed aluminium-based metal foams, is stated as the result. The developed metal foam has a strength-to-weight ratio 67% higher than that of the base material. In addition, the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy of the developed metal foam confirm the presence of a porous network with a pore size from 0.075 mm to 1.43 mm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the desired elements with minimal contamination in the developed aluminium foam substrates. Metal foam demonstrates a higher compressive strength (607 kN) compared to the base metal (497 kN). The mechanical characteristics of the developed metal foam substrate (hardness, compressive strength and impact energy) show the expected results compared to the base material. In general, the developed aluminium foam substrate established a promising route to the development of highly performance lightweight metal foam for shock absorber and acoustic applications.

Battery–integrated combined cooling, heating and power plant (CCHP) through NH3 – H2O absorption system in a hospital facility

Combined heat and power (CHP) systems have been employed in various applications for years. They are gaining increasing attention in the residential and small industrial sectors for their primary energy saving potential and CO 2 emissions reduction. Additionally, in specific applications such as the hospital sector, CHP plants can play a critical role in replacing fossil-fueled electric generators to supply electricity during local grid outages, thus enhancing hospital facilities’ energy efficiency, while also securing reliability and efficiency of operation. Hospitals have unique energy demand profiles, with high and constant demand (particularly heating and cooling demands), making them an ideal use-case for trigeneration systems. Combined, cooling, heating and power plants (CCHP) are capable to provide not only heating and electricity, but also cooling through the efficient exploitation of a single energy source, reducing Hospitals’ reliance on the local grid. In this context, this work aims at evaluating the potential of a battery-integrated CCHP plant through an innovative ammonia-water absorption system, whose energy analysis is based on data acquired from an Italian Hospital facility. The potential of integrating an experimental combined cooling and power production ammonia-water absorption system has been investigated starting from an optimized battery energy storage system (BESS) CHP plant configuration, studied for the same facility. A proper control strategy has been developed to maximize the cooling production when required from the end-user through CHP plant’s exhaust gases waste heat recovery. The energy analysis demonstrated the advantages of the CCHP-BESS plant over the optimal CHP-BESS configuration, with an 11.22% increase in primary energy saving, a 9.85% reduction in CO 2 emissions, and a 5.03% decrease in electric peak power demand.

Enhancing EFL Learner Autonomy through Project-Based Learning: The Case of Secondary School Students

&lt;em&gt;With the 21st century constant changes and demands, heated debate on ways to enhance Moroccan EFL students’ autonomy has sparked the interest of stakeholders. Although learner-centered teaching has been recommended in the past few years, teacher-centered instructional styles are; however, predominating in real teaching-learning practices. Autonomous learning skills and self-directed learning are needed in the twenty-first century, and project-based learning is a way to respond to that requirement. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if project-based learning could enhance the autonomy of learners in a Moroccan EFL context. Similarly, this research aims at interviewing the presenters’ peers on their performance; a method whereby they could develop critical thinking skills. To achieve this purpose, data was collected through a self-assessment questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The participants were a classroom of 17 Secondary (2nd baccalaureate) school students. Results demonstrated that project-based learning enhances learner autonomy and responded to the demands of the 21st century skills. Likewise, based on the findings, learners managed to improve their autonomy during the implementation of project-based learning, and levels of autonomy vary among learners. Future researchers need to take into consideration that not all learners maintain a positive view concerning project-based learning perhaps they are accustomed to teacher spoon-fed and hand hold; consequently, they become passive. To deal with this dilemma, teachers had better remind students repeatedly that project-based learning contributes in boosting their autonomy and prepares them for the post-graduation exigencies. &lt;/em&gt;

Abstract A021: Nutrient competition in the tumor microenvironment alters NK cell metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract Tumor cells present constant nutritional demand of macronutrients and micronutrients for their rapid growth needs. Often this nutrient limitation hampers the function of anti-tumor immune cells, which need basal energy levels to execute cytotoxic effects against malignant cells. Hence, we investigated nutrient limitation-induced metabolic alterations in NK cells that regulate the anti-tumor activity of NK cells. Using 2D cultures and PDAC organoid models, we demonstrate that pancreatic tumor cells exhaust vitamin B6 (VB6) in the co-culture milieu, causing reduced killing activity of NK cells. Additionally, we demonstrate that PDAC patients have significantly reduced plasma VB6 as compared to the healthy counterparts. This data aligns with the epidemiological studies showing that VB6 intake reduces the risk of pancreatic cancer incidence. Moreover, we noted a significant reduction in circulating VB6 in the pancreatic tumor-bearing mice as compared to healthy counterparts. Utilizing mass spectrometry-based metabolomics we noted that limitation of the VB6 prevents glycogen breakdown in NK cells. This was validated by follow up electron microscopy-based studies that demonstrated glycogen depots in NK cells that were very prominent upon inhibiting glycogenolysis. Metabolic tracing studies demonstrated that NK cells require VB6 for intracellular glycogen breakdown. Correspondingly, knocking down glycogen phosphorylase, a key enzyme involved in glycogen breakdown abrogated anti-tumoral NK cell function. Notably, supplementation of co-cultures in 2D and organoid models and in vivo orthotopic mouse models, with VB6 restored NK cell function against pancreatic tumor cells. In parallel, we observed dependence of tumor cell metabolism on VB6 for sustaining growth. Accordingly, we observed that tumor cells actively deplete VB6 in tumor microenvironments, as observed by comparing VB6 levels in circulation and in tumor interstitial fluids. Finally, we observed that VB6 supplementation in combination with inhibitors targeting VB6-driven metabolic pathway dependencies in tumor cells effectively enhances NK cell frequency and diminishes tumor burden in vivo. These studies demonstrate a novel role of glycogen breakdown as a critical energy source for activated NK cells and demonstrate, for the first time a key role of glycogenolysis in NK cell cytotoxic activities. Our results expand the understanding of the critical role of micronutrients (vitamin B6) in regulating cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity and open new avenues for developing NK cell-based immunotherapies for PDAC patients. Citation Format: Kamiya Mehla. Nutrient competition in the tumor microenvironment alters NK cell metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2023 Oct 1-4; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2023;11(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A021.