Consideration Of Others Research Articles

A comparative analysis of early years’ programme culture in the US and Poland – advancing humanism by placing love, freedom, care and consideration for others first

ABSTRACT Building on the idea that the culture of an organisation has an extremely deep influence on the personalities, minds and identities of people who participate in it (Hofstede 2015) – we reflected on how the US and Polish cultures' specific values and beliefs were represented and symbolised in the early childhood settings. We focused our analysis on the prosocial disposition that influenced the early childhood programme’s philosophy; environment; parental involvement; celebrated holidays; classroom management; plays and games objects that children are playing with and the curriculum. The results of this research demonstrated that both preschools stressed dispositions like care and consideration for others, love and freedom. In Polish preschool culture, based on their very long history and tradition of wars and partitions, early on, children are exposed to the concepts of truth, forgiveness, second chances and ultimately peace. In the US preschool culture with multicultural traditions, importance is placed on self-confidence, positive self-image, belonging and respect.

Redefining Japan’s Tourism: Post-COVID Challenges and Cultural Dynamics

The global tourism landscape has undergone considerable transformation owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has altered its dynamics and created new challenges. Previously, travel was linked to well-being, fostering social connections, and a sense of belonging. However, the pandemic has caused substantial disruptions, leading to job losses and changes in travel behavior. Japan, which was already grappling with overtourism pre-pandemic, faced challenges such as strained infrastructure and environmental impact. Post-pandemic challenges include issues regarding tourist etiquette and labor shortages within the industry. Japan’s deeply rooted mask-wearing culture, driven by social responsibility, may lead to social stigma if norms are ignored, thus affecting tourism. Owing to an aging population and unattractive job profiles, the industry faces labor shortages, which lead to difficulties in recruiting during peak seasons. Therefore, understanding these challenges is crucial for the recovery and revival of tourism in Japan. Strategies must align with evolving societal values and sustainable practices to address behavioral norms and labor shortages. Using tweet-derived data, this study revealed an unexpected increase in discussions regarding mask use, highlighting Japan’s societal emphasis on harmony and consideration of others. This study highlights the challenges faced by tourists and industry professionals, particularly regarding foreign visitors’ comprehension of Japanese cultural norms. The results emphasize the critical factors affecting post-pandemic tourism in Japan, with the aim of exploring cultural influences on sustainable tourism in subsequent research. This endeavor aligns with the vision of the United Nations World Tourism Organization to reconstruct the industry and ensure equitable benefits for all stakeholders.

Towards co-design of rehabilitation technologies: a collaborative approach to prioritize usability issues.

Early stakeholder engagement is critical to the successful development and translation of rehabilitation technologies, a pivotal step of which is usability testing with intended end-users. To this end, several methods employ end-user feedback to identify usability and implementation issues. However, the process of prioritizing identified issues seldom leverages the knowledge and expertise of the range of stakeholders who will ultimately affect the demand and supply of a device. This paper describes a novel method to prioritize end-user feedback using transdisciplinary stakeholder consultation and address it in subsequent product development. The proposed approach was demonstrated using a case study relating to the development of a novel technology for neural recovery after spinal cord injury. Feedback from five individuals with chronic spinal cord injury was collected during two-hour usability evaluation sessions with a fully functional high-fidelity system prototype. A think-aloud and semi-structured interview protocol was used with each participant to identify usability and acceptability issues relating to the system in a 3-phase approach. Phase 1 involved extracting usability issues from think-aloud and semi-structured interview data. Phase 2 involved rating the usability issues based on their significance, technical feasibility, and implementation priority by relevant internal and external stakeholders. Finally, Phase 3 involved aggregating the usability issues according to design and implementation elements to facilitate solution generation, and these solutions were then raised as action tasks for future design iterations. Sixty usability issues representing nine facets of usability were rated. Eighty percent of issues were rated to be of moderate to high significance, 83% were rated as being feasible to address, and 75% were rated as addressable using existing project resources. Fifty percent of the issues were rated to be a high priority for implementation. Evaluation of the grouped issues identified 21 tasks which were mapped to the product roadmap for integration into future design iterations. This paper presents a method for meaningful transdisciplinary stakeholder engagement in rehabilitation technology development that can extended to other projects. Alongside a worked example, we offer practical considerations for others seeking to co-develop rehabilitation technologies.

Conceptualizing National Advisory Boards in primary care research: application to the Two in One HIV and COVID screening and testing model.

The authors report on their development of a National Advisory Board (NAB) to guide a funded project: Two in One: HIV + COVID-19 Screening and Testing Model. This project aimed to improve primary care practitioners' capacity to routinize HIV, PrEP/PEP, and COVID-19 vaccine screenings for all their patients while relying on culturally responsive communication with their minoritized patients. To approach their monumental research and education tasks, they created a NAB, drawing from the literature on advisory boards to (a) promote board member engagement and (b) progress successfully through the six stages suggested for successful advisory boards. A midpoint survey and final focus groups with NAB members indicated mixed levels of engagement, a sense of time and work being valued, and pride in the media and academic reach of the project. The authors offer considerations for others considering forming a NAB to guide primary care research and interventions.

사회적 공감능력 함양을 위한 초등 사회과 수업의 구안 및 적용

Modern society is living in an era of "unsympathetic" that has become insensitive to other people's senses. Therefore, this study proposes empathy-based social studies classes to cultivate students' social empathy skills based on the need for social empathy and to change students' cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects. In particular, the approach to social empathy beyond personal empathy can lead to a three-dimensional and multifaceted approach to unequal social structures and vulnerable groups in marginalized societies beyond the level of understanding and consideration for others. This study ultimately aims to cultivate the proper social empathy ability to comprehensively understand the characteristics of society and develop the qualities of a democratic empathy citizen who creatively and reasonably solve modern society's problems. Accordingly, the elementary social studies curriculum was analyzed, and social studies classes were organized and implemented for fifth-grade students based on a social empathy-based model. After applying social studies classes, quantitative analysis was conducted through a paired sample t-test to measure the cultivation of students' social empathy skills. In addition, students' cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes were observed and analyzed using methods such as pre- and post-test papers, impressions, diaries, class observations, and in-depth interviews. Based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, students were able to develop social empathy skills through this class, and it was confirmed that there were positive changes in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects.

The moral embeddedness of cryptomarkets: text mining feedback on economic exchanges on the dark web

Abstract Reputation systems promote cooperation in large-scale online markets for illegal goods. These so-called cryptomarkets operate on the Dark Web, where legal, social, and moral trust-building mechanisms are difficult to establish. However, for the reputation mechanism to be effective in promoting cooperation, traders have to leave feedback after completed transactions in the form of ratings and short texts. Here we investigate the motivational landscape of the reputation systems of three large cryptomarkets. We employ manual and automatic text mining methods to code 2 million feedback texts for a range of motives for leaving feedback. We find that next to self-regarding motives and reciprocity, moral norms (i.e. unconditional considerations for others’ outcomes) drive traders’ voluntary supply of information to reputation systems. Our results show how psychological mechanisms interact with organizational features of markets to provide a collective good that promotes mutually beneficial economic exchange.

Understanding Agape Leadership: A Scoping Review

Agape, a Greek term for unconditional love, is often overlooked in the context of leadership, which has traditionally emphasized control and dominance. Agape leadership is a type of leadership that places the well-being and growth of individuals, communities, and society at the forefront. This style of leadership is characterized by a profound sense of compassion and consideration for others and is grounded in the principles of love, compassion, and empathy. This paper reviews the literature on agape leadership, exploring how it is conceptualized, practiced, and studied. The review finds that agape leadership is linked to favourable results, including increased trust, motivation, performance, respect, and collaboration, in which people can thrive and reach their full potential. This style of leadership is not only focused on achieving specific goals or outcomes, but also on fostering a sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfilment in the lives of those being led. The leadership style of agape can bring about enduring and constructive transformations in society as it motivates and galvanizes individuals to collaborate toward a collective aspiration of a more promising tomorrow. Agape leaders also place a high value on personal growth and development and are constantly seeking to learn and grow in their own leadership journey.

“We Are All in This Together”: Which Memorable Moral Messages Guided Student Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic?

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed lessons about the moral bases of student compliance with pandemic health messaging, which is a vital concern for educational institutions where students learn and live in close proximity. Existing theoretical and empirical work suggests that audiences may be receptive when prescribed behavior aligns with memorable moral messages (MMM) received from family members or other valued sources. We report the results of two studies that examined the nature of MMM that students found relevant in the fall of 2020 and the moral values they appeared to invoke. In the first, focus group interviews and qualitative thematic analysis were used to identify underlying moral themes. Findings indicated that students were influencegd by MMM focused on empathy/caring, those that addressed communal versus individual responsibilities, and messages that prioritized virtues that were needed (e.g., patience) during the pandemic. During this first phase of the research, we also collected a verbatim list of MMM that students reported recalling and using. To determine if quantitative evidence supported the three-part categorization scheme, a second study asked a sample of 327 students to rate the influence of the MMM reported in Study One. Exploratory factor analysis largely confirmed Study One, with consideration for others, self-determination, and communal responsibility emerging as primary moral considerations. Findings of the two studies are interpreted as partial support for moral foundations theory and consistent with the expectations of negotiated morality theory. Recommendations for health educators and experts are offered, including framing compliance guidelines in a manner consistent with MMM received from family members and helping students navigate the moral tension between self and communal interests.

Workplace ostracism in healthcare: Association with job satisfaction, stress, and perceived health.

To examine (1) the association between healthcare workers' workplace ostracism and job satisfaction, stress and perceived health, and (2) whether this relationship is mediated by loneliness and self-esteem. A cross-sectional study. Healthcare (N = 569) managers and employees (nurses, practical nurses, doctors and social workers) in Finland responded to a semi-structured survey in January 2021 and evaluated their experiences of workplace ostracism, job satisfaction, stress, perceived health, loneliness and self-esteem during the last year. To examine the association of these variables, linear regression and mediator model tests were performed. Workplace ostracism had a clear direct association with job satisfaction, stress and perceived health. Loneliness fully mediated the relationship between workplace ostracism, stress and perceived health, and partly mediated the association between workplace ostracism and job satisfaction. Self-esteem partly mediated the association between workplace ostracism, stress, job satisfaction and perceived health. The experience of workplace ostracism in organizations is a significant factor in job satisfaction, stress and perceived health. Healthcare organizations could strengthen job satisfaction and increase workers' well-being by strengthening social relationships in the organization and, via that, reducing turnover intention. This study gives understanding and information to the healthcare profession on how workplace ostracism affects work well-being and workplace relationships. Workplace ostracism decreases interaction, which can also endanger patient care if information is not openly exchanged. This study indicated that workplace ostracism weakened job satisfaction more than loneliness. More commonality and consideration for others at work are needed because these factors may help increase work well-being and decrease exits from working life. Further research is needed on why workplace ostracism occurs in healthcare workplaces. STROBE. No patient or public contribution.

Combating Weight Stigma in Healthcare: A Cross-Country Analysis and Intervention Initiative

Abstract Background Rising global obesity rates coincide with increasing weight stigmatization, affecting various life aspects, including healthcare. Discrimination impacts patient well-being and care quality, leading to suboptimal treatment. This research compares weight stigma among healthcare professionals in Romania, UK, and Greece, addressing personal and second-hand weight bias. Methods The study used cross-sectional data from the Breaking Weight Bias survey, including 125 healthcare professionals from Romania, Greece, and the UK. Data collection occurred between June and August 2021 via an online survey. Measures included the Universal Measure of Bias-FAT (UMF-FAT) questionnaire, personal experience with weight bias, and experiences of weight bias in medical settings. Results More women participated in the study across all countries. The mean age was 37.12 years (SD = 10.92). Bachelor's degrees were most common (43.4%), with Greece having the highest percentage of Master's (41.7%). Romania had the highest Doctoral degrees (32.4%). Private healthcare settings were the most common (51.3%). UMB-FAT results showed varying bias between countries. Romania had the highest rates (M = 3.08, SD = 0.768). Statements indicating more bias included poor hygiene (M = 2.40, SD = 1.832) and lacking consideration for others (M = 1.74, SD = 1.459). Over half of the participants (53.3%) experienced personal weight-related teasing. Greece had the highest rate (62.9%). Regarding second-hand weight bias experiences in medical settings, a high level of agreement (30-50%) was observed. Conclusions This study confirms weight bias in healthcare professionals across multiple countries, revealing moderate bias levels. Despite limitations, the findings contribute to understanding weight bias across different regions and fields. There is a need for weight-bias education among healthcare professionals, as it can harm patient-provider relationships and care quality. Key messages • Research confirms moderate weight bias in healthcare professionals across Romania, UK, and Greece. • Study highlights the need for weight-bias education in medical training to improve patient-provider relationships.

Conceptualizations and evaluations of (im)politeness in Syrian Arabic

Abstract This paper explores (im)politeness conceptualizations and evaluations and the moral foundations of lay notions of (im)politeness in Syrian Arabic. The data were collected using an online questionnaire which was administered to 88 native speaking participants. The results show that participants consider politeness and impoliteness as polar opposites; both are viewed as (in)consideration for others, chiefly conveyed through (dis)respect, and upholding/violating appropriate behaviors, respectively. Moreover, the results show that notions of hierarchical respect, face, equity rights, reciprocity, and attending to others’ needs are central in motivating participants’ views of (im)politeness. These notions are rooted in the moral foundations of authority/respect, fairness/reciprocity, and harm/care. Additionally, interesting findings emerge in that politeness in Syrian Arabic appears to be more of a relational phenomenon, based on morality, which is in line with contemporary views on politeness, than a rational and strategic behavior, as theorized in classical approaches.

Micromechanical characterizations and viscoelastic modeling reveal elastic and viscoelastic heterogeneities in ovarian tissue and the significant viscoelastic contribution to the apparent elastic modulus determined by AFM indentation.

Ovarian follicles develop in a highly regulated mechanical microenvironment and disruptions to the microenvironment may cause infertility. However, the viscoelastic properties of the ovarian tissue are not well studied. Here, we characterize both the elastic and viscoelastic properties of ovarian tissue from both reproductively older and younger domestic cats using atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation and viscoelastic models of stress relaxation. Importantly, our analyses reveal the apparent elastic modulus obtained from the conventional AFM indentation measurement is significantly higher than the intrinsic elastic modulus and insignificantly different from the equivalent elastic modulus that is the summation of the intrinsic elastic modulus and the viscoelastic contribution to modulus at time 0. Interestingly, the ovarian cortex of both reproductive age groups has a higher apparent/intrinsic modulus than that of the medulla. Furthermore, two different kinetics of stress relaxation are identified with rate constants of ∼1s and ∼20-40s, respectively. Moreover, the rate constant of the slow kinetics is significantly different between the cortex and medulla in the reproductively older ovaries. Finally, these mechanical heterogeneities appear to follow the heterogeneous distribution of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the ovary. These findings may be invaluable to the development of biomimetic follicle culture for treating infertility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigates not only elastic but also the viscoelastic heterogeneity in both reproductively younger and older ovarian tissues for the first time. Further, by combining AFM indentation measurement and viscoelastic modeling, we show the apparent elastic modulus conventionally reported in the literature for AFM indentation measurement is the summation of the intrinsic elastic modulus and a significant viscoelastic contribution to the modulus at time 0. This is an important consideration for others who use this method to quantify biomaterial properties. In addition, the possible connection between the mechanical and compositional heterogeneities is explored. These findings may be invaluable for designing biomaterials to recapitulate the mechanical environment of the ovary and possibly many other organs for biomimetic tissue engineering.

Inconsistency in perspective-taking during comprehension.

In order to successfully comprehend referring expressions, a listener must often consider how the speaker's perspective differs from their own. Such consideration of others' perspective is effortful and not always employed. Previous studies disagree about whether executive function predicts perspective-taking use in language comprehension. Furthermore, it is unclear whether or not there are consistent individual differences of perspective-taking ability in comprehension. This study tested participants in three perspective-taking in comprehension tasks and two measures of executive function to determine whether participants show consistency in their perspective-taking ability and whether this ability is predicted by measures of executive function. We found that (1) some but not all perspective-taking in comprehension tasks correlate with one another, and (2) inhibition control and working memory are not linked with any of the three perspective-taking measures. Based on these findings, we conclude that perspective-taking in comprehension may not be a unitary ability.

LACKING MANNERS AMONG TERTIARY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA FOLLOWING THE MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER

This conceptual paper is on lacking manners among tertiary students in Malaysia following the Movement Control Order (MCO). The MCO has had an undeniably profound effect on students, with many now having to switch to online learning and forgoing their usual routines and interactions with peers. Unfortunately, some students have been struggling to adjust to the new normal, and this has led to a lack of manners among the younger generation. The MCO has caused huge disruption to their lives, and this can lead to a lack of respect for authority figures and a general lack of courtesy. Some students have been observed using inappropriate language, speaking disrespectfully to teachers, and failing to show consideration for others. Parents and teachers need to address these issues as soon as possible and remind students of the importance of good manners. Parents should ensure that their children understand the importance of treating others with respect and showing consideration for those around them. Teachers should also ensure that their students understand the consequences of their actions and the importance of maintaining a positive attitude. Parents and teachers should also focus on the importance of communication and actively encourage students to talk about their feelings and concerns. Finally, it is important to remember that the MCO will eventually come to an end and that students will once again be able to attend school and interact with their peers. Until then, parents and teachers should continue to do their best to ensure that students maintain good manners and continue to uphold the values of respect and courtesy.

Culturally responsive research ethics: How the socio-ethical norms of Arr-nar/Kreng-jai inform research participation at the Thai-Myanmar border.

Despite advances, international research ethics guidelines still tend to consist of high-level ethical principles reflecting residual influence from North American and European traditions of ethics. Local ethics committees and community advisory boards can offer more culturally-sensitive approaches to training but most institutions lack substantive practical ethics guidance to engage rich moral understandings in day-to-day research practice in diverse cultural contexts. To address this gap, we conducted an international series of qualitative research ethics case studies, linked prospectively to active research programs in diverse settings. Here, we share findings from two case studies with a research team working on malaria and hepatitis B prevention with pregnant women in clinics serving migrants along the Thai-Myanmar border. In this sociocultural ethical analysis, we consider how core ethical requirements of voluntary participation, provision of fair benefits, and understandings of research risks and burdens are shaped, enriched, and in some instances challenged, by deep-seated and widespread Burmese, Karen and Thai cultural norms known as Arr-nar (in Burmese and Karen) or Kreng-jai (in Thai), encompassing multiple meanings including consideration for others and graciousness. We offer a model illustrating how one might map ethically significant sociocultural influences across the research practice pathway and close with lessons for developing a more culturally responsive research ethics practice in other international settings.

Technology Acceptance Model for Exoskeletons for Rehabilitation of the Upper Limbs from Therapists' Perspectives.

Over the last few years, exoskeletons have been demonstrated to be useful tools for supporting the execution of neuromotor rehabilitation sessions. However, they are still not very present in hospitals. Therapists tend to be wary of this type of technology, thus reducing its acceptability and, therefore, its everyday use in clinical practice. The work presented in this paper investigates a novel point of view that is different from that of patients, which is normally what is considered for similar analyses. Through the realization of a technology acceptance model, we investigate the factors that influence the acceptability level of exoskeletons for rehabilitation of the upper limbs from therapists' perspectives. We analyzed the data collected from a pool of 55 physiotherapists and physiatrists through the distribution of a questionnaire. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were used for the analysis. The relations between the variables of interest were also investigated depending on participants' age and experience with technology. The model built from these data demonstrated that the perceived usefulness of a robotic system, in terms of time and effort savings, was the first factor influencing therapists' willingness to use it. Physiotherapists' perception of the importance of interacting with an exoskeleton when carrying out an enhanced therapy session increased if survey participants already had experience with this type of rehabilitation technology, while their distrust and the consideration of others' opinions decreased. The conclusions drawn from our analyses show that we need to invest in making this technology better known to the public-in terms of education and training-if we aim to make exoskeletons genuinely accepted and usable by therapists. In addition, integrating exoskeletons with multi-sensor feedback systems would help provide comprehensive information about the patients' condition and progress. This can help overcome the gap that a robot creates between a therapist and the patient's human body, reducing the fear that specialists have of this technology, and this can demonstrate exoskeletons' utility, thus increasing their perceived level of usefulness.

Interpreting unwillingness to speak L2 English by Japanese EFL learners

Abstract This article reports on an empirical study investigating what makes Japanese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) unwilling to speak English, regardless of their learning period, proficiency level, and location of the communication. The current study focuses on the self-perception of second language (L2) English abilities, anxiety, and interlocutors as possible causes of their unwillingness to speak L2 English, compared with first language (L1) Japanese. An online questionnaire was administered to 27 Japanese undergraduate students (age: 19–22) with non-English majors at a national university in Tokyo, Japan. The results show that the elements depressing the self-perception and willingness to speak are fundamental to managing human relationships in speaking situations, which have more impact on L2 English than L1 Japanese contexts. This is attributable to other-directedness, which has been discussed as being characteristic of Japanese and Chinese EFL learners. Furthermore, it appears plausible to assume that the other-directedness derives more from “considerations for others” than “face-saving.” Future work will further investigate what constitutes Japanese other-directedness, compared with Chinese EFL learners’.

A Critical Pragmatic Approach to Aggression in Moriatry's Big Little Lies

People are supposed to use language harmoniously and compatibly. However, aggression may characterize much of human communication. Aggression has long been recognized as a negative anti-social issue that prevails in most personal interactions. If it abounds in familial communications, it is more dangerous due to its harmful effects on individuals, and consequently on societies. Aggression refers to all the instances in which we try to get our way without any consideration for others. Moriarty’s novel (2014), Big Little Lies, is argued to represent the patterns of aggressive communications. This study aims to find out the motivations behind aggressive language in familial communication in this best-seller novel. It aims to identify the pragmatic strategies that are utilized to convey aggression in the data under scrutiny. As aggression is a critical social issue, it is studied in terms of the critical pragmatic paradigm. It is hypothesized that aggression is motivated by psychological factors and negative speech acts as well as impoliteness characterize all instances of aggressive communications. The analysis of data verified the two set hypotheses.

The Influence of Parent–Child Relationships on Musical Activity in the Family: Findings from a Longitudinal Panel Study

Singing and playing musical instruments is seen as beneficial for parent–child relationships. Using longitudinal data from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (Pairfam) we investigate the role of specific facets of parent–child relationships as predictors of family musical activity, namely Intimacy, that is, the degree of mutual sharing of thoughts and feelings, Admiration, that is, positive affirmative attitudes, and Prosocial Behavior, that is, showing empathy and consideration for others. Study 1 included responses from a total of N = 1,339 parents (71% mothers) and N = 1,783 children (52% male), and Study 2 differentiates between specific subsamples of parent–child relations. Data were submitted to a series of regression models. Study 1 showed that higher values of Intimacy were associated with greater music activities for both parent and child even when general levels of music activities decreased over time. Study 2 addressed cases in which mothers and fathers independently assessed the same child. The results showed similar patterns of association for both parents and children across studies. In addition, mothers perceived higher levels of family music activities than did fathers. Finally, high levels of Intimacy were associated with increased family music activity against the general trend of decline. Taken together, a strong and consistent pattern of a positive relationship between, on the one hand, mutual parent–child perceptions of trust and confidence, that is, Intimacy, and on the other hand, music activity, was found. These results confirm and extend earlier work to suggest a certain role of the quality of family relationships in pursuing musical activities from childhood to adolescence.

Cultural Repertoires and Situated Selections as an Alternative Framework to Hegemonic Masculinities: Findings From Eswatini.

Since the 1980s studies on men have frequently utilized Connell's framework of hegemonic masculinities. We critically appraise this framework in the context of a population-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis study in Eswatini. Our findings highlight that men confidently show variation in their behavior and choices, which manifest across different men and within the same men acting in particular situations and over the life course. This led us to interrogate the hegemonic masculinities framework on the following grounds: Men's choices and behavior do not seem to fit the model of aspiring to a hegemonic ideal; the delineation of masculine traits as hegemonic or subordinate remain vague in terms of "responsibility," "fidelity," and "consideration for others"; the binary gender concept underpinning hegemonic masculinities seems outdated. Building on the work of Hirsch and Kachtan, we propose cultural repertoires as an alternative framework which also bridges the gender divide.