Considerations Of Justice Research Articles

Living labs as transformative incrementalism: lessons learned on the role of a university living lab in mobilising just sustainabilities on campus

ABSTRACT The Living Lab approach is an opportunity for diverse actors to co-create solutions to solve real-world issues. Simon Fraser University, situated on the unceded territories of the Musqueam, Squamish, Tsleil-Waututh, Katzie, Kwikwetlem, Qayqayt, Kwantlen, Semiahmoo and Tsawwassen peoples in British Columbia, Canada developed a Living Lab program to apply the university’s leading climate research expertise to solve its own infrastructure, operations and service challenges. Projects were led by “Living Lab Scholars,” graduate students who form teams with faculty and staff to co-design research to help the university meet its sustainability and equity goals. The scholars took part in experiential learning, received mentorship and financial support and were provided with the opportunity to apply their academic research skills to address four sustainability issues: (1) waste management, (2) sustainable transportation, (3) carbon footprint of streaming, and (4) food security. While being grounded in participatory action research and integrating justice, decolonisation, equity, diversity and inclusivity considerations into the process design, the limited resources, time scarcity and operational reality reflected that the reality of implementing the solutions resulted in varying degrees of transformational impact. This paper applies autoethnography to enable the participants to reflect upon how the university as a system can support advances in just sustainabilities and highlights practical lessons learned for future Living Lab practitioners who aim to mobilise their solutions on campus. Findings from the project highlight the role of the Living Lab in supporting “transformative incrementalism” and challenging the conventions of academic knowledge production.

Addressing environmental justice in clean energy policy: Comparative case studies from the United States and Nigeria

This paper explores the intersection of environmental justice and clean energy policy through a comparative analysis of case studies from the United States and Nigeria. Environmental justice, defined as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people in environmental decisions, is increasingly recognized as a critical aspect of transitioning to clean energy systems. By examining clean energy policies and initiatives in both countries, this study aims to identify successes, challenges, and lessons learned in addressing environmental justice considerations. In the United States, the analysis focuses on federal and state-level clean energy policies, assessing their impact on marginalized communities and efforts to promote equity in access to clean energy resources. Similarly, in Nigeria, attention is given to government-led clean energy initiatives and their implications for environmental justice, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Through a comparative lens, this paper highlight’s common themes and divergent approaches to addressing environmental justice in clean energy policy between the two countries. It identifies opportunities for cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing to advance equitable and sustainable energy transitions globally. The findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental justice principles into clean energy policy development and implementation, with recommendations provided for policymakers and stakeholders to promote inclusivity, fairness, and community engagement in shaping the future of clean energy.

A Preliminary Study on Disclosure Experience of Taiwanese Asexual

<p>本研究旨在探究臺灣無性戀現身經驗，邀請6位無性戀者進行訪談，不聚焦單一現身對象，以開放地態度蒐集與探究資料，以「敘事研究取向」視框進行資料分析，試圖理解無性戀之現身經驗為何？研究結果有三：（一）無性戀能見度低影響現身經驗，包含需要解釋「什麼是無性戀」、現身是多次反覆全面性的行動、難以被理解；（二）臺灣同性婚姻對於無性戀現身經驗獨具意義，包含評估欲現身對象的酷兒知能與開放度、實踐社會正義、大幅降低被病理化的思維；（三）向伴侶現身尤為挑戰，包含避免錯誤期待、考量現身風險。最後，依據研究結果與文獻對話給予未來研究與實務建議，包含（一）研究建議：聚焦於無性戀像伴侶現身議題；（二）實務建議：在教育或教學現場，提供教師與學生「無性戀」概念，以提升無性戀的能見度；在諮商實務的現場，實務工作者要積極反思自身的「性價值觀」，以及擴展「性相關議題」之視框，除了增加對各個性傾向關注度之外，必須胸懷性少數的多樣性，避免先入為主的刻板印象，才不致在助人工作的成效上陷入盲點與困境，對性少數與臺灣整體社會有所貢獻。</p> <p> </p><p>The purpose of this study is to explore the disclosure experience of Taiwan asexual by interviewing six Taiwanese asexual individuals. Using a narrative research approach, we analyzed the data through the "category-content" method. There are three parts in the results. Firstly, considerations to disclosure their asexuality is influenced by the people they are interacting with. For instance, disclosure to their family is based on the quality of daily relationships, how accepting and open-minded to queer knowledge they are; disclosure to friends and communities is part of the process of identity recognition, increasing common sense of queer individuals, practicing social justice, and challenging old frameworks; disclosure to partners put them into the risks of not being understood and forming false expectations. Secondly, disclosure strategies include starting the discussion with the concept they already known, sharing views and feelings in daily life, and avoiding being put themselves into a difficult situation where everyone knows nothing about asexuality; Thirdly, the challenges include being misunderstood, easy to be pathological, further exploration of related knowledge, and closer to ideal relationships. The most challenging thing to asexual people is disclosure to their partner. Asexual people consider whether the disclosure is good for relationship or not, and the purpose of disclosure is hoping their partner hold no incorrect expectations.</p> <p>This study discusses as follows. (1) the low visibility of asexuality affects the experience of disclosure, and it is a repeated and comprehensive action. To a certain extent, "asexuality comes out" equals "needs to explain what asexuality is". Some Asexual individuals choose not to come out temporarily because of "to avoid trouble". This is not "in the closet" or "go invisible", but a purely interpersonal consideration. (2) Disclosure is related to the contemporary script and telling to their partners is particularly challenging. Asexual men influenced by "masculinity" and asexual women feeling challenged to appear as contemporary women are all making attempt to break away from the traditional sexual scripts (3) Taiwan same-sex marriage plays an unique and meaningful role for asexuality and this facilitates consideration of disclosure and practices social justice. In terms of strategies of disclosure, discussing "same-sex marriage" as a starting point as nowadays people have had a more friendly attitude towards same-sex marriage. In the end of the study, some suggestions are made based on the results and discussions.</p> <p> </p>

Tackling Hermeneutical Injustices in Gender-Affirming Healthcare

Abstract Previously proposed strategies for tackling hermeneutical injustices take for granted the interests people have in certain things about them being intelligible to them and/or to others, and seek to enable them to satisfy these interests. Strategies of this sort I call interests-as-given strategies. I propose that some hermeneutical injustices can instead be tackled by doing away with certain of these interests, and so with the possibility of their unfair nonsatisfaction. Strategies of this sort I call interests-in-question strategies. As a case study in when such an interests-in-question strategy ought to be pursued, I look at how to tackle hermeneutical injustices arising in the context of gender-affirming healthcare as provided to adults by the National Health Service in the UK. I argue that considerations of trust, privacy, and respect all support pursuing such a strategy. One way to do so, I suggest, would be by replacing the existing gatekeeping model with an informed consent model for the provision of gender-affirming healthcare. Considerations of hermeneutical justice can hence be added to the already-impressive case for undertaking this shift.

Air pollution, perceived health risk, and trip decision-making: Environmental justice considerations

This study evaluates the impacts of air pollution on trip decision-making and the determinants associated with perceived health risk from air pollution, socioeconomic status, and trip routine. To analyze its impacts based on a comprehensive mechanism, we developed a conceptual framework for trip decision-making process via perceived health risk from air pollution through an extensive literature review. We conducted a survey about trip plan changes due to poor air quality in South Korea, and used an integrated choice and latent variable model to verify the hypotheses in the framework. The result reveals that high perceived health risk encourages people to seek related information, which induces more trip plan changes under poor air quality. People with greater perceived risk tend to make more drastic trip-related decisions by changing or even canceling trip schedules. Moreover, higher-income groups generally perceive greater health risks and eventually seek relevant information more. The findings imply that the gap caused by socioeconomic status brings more frequent exposure of socially disadvantaged groups to polluted air, which can connect to environmental justice problems in society. This study provides noteworthy knowledge of the relationship between air quality and travel behavior to make healthy cities for everyone through environmental justice in transportation.

Immune-mediated disease caused by climate change-associated environmental hazards: mitigation and adaptation

Global warming and climate change have increased the pollen burden and the frequency and intensity of wildfires, sand and dust storms, thunderstorms, and heatwaves—with concomitant increases in air pollution, heat stress, and flooding. These environmental stressors alter the human exposome and trigger complex immune responses. In parallel, pollutants, allergens, and other environmental factors increase the risks of skin and mucosal barrier disruption and microbial dysbiosis, while a loss of biodiversity and reduced exposure to microbial diversity impairs tolerogenic immune development. The resulting immune dysregulation is contributing to an increase in immune-mediated diseases such as asthma and other allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It is now abundantly clear that multisectoral, multidisciplinary, and transborder efforts based on Planetary Health and One Health approaches (which consider the dependence of human health on the environment and natural ecosystems) are urgently needed to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. Key actions include reducing emissions and improving air quality (through reduced fossil fuel use), providing safe housing (e.g., improving weatherization), improving diets (i.e., quality and diversity) and agricultural practices, and increasing environmental biodiversity and green spaces. There is also a pressing need for collaborative, multidisciplinary research to better understand the pathophysiology of immune diseases in the context of climate change. New data science techniques, biomarkers, and economic models should be used to measure the impact of climate change on immune health and disease, to inform mitigation and adaptation efforts, and to evaluate their effectiveness. Justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) considerations should be integral to these efforts to address disparities in the impact of climate change.

Applying energy justice metrics to photovoltaic materials research

Achieving the energy transition sustainably requires addressing how new technologies may impact justice in the energy system. The Justice Underpinning Science and Technology Research (JUST-R) metrics framework was recently proposed to aid researchers in considering justice in early-stage research on energy technologies; however, case study evaluations of the framework revealed a desire from researchers to see metrics specialized to particular fields of study. Here, we refine metrics from the JUST-R framework to enhance its applicability to photovoltaic (PV) materials research. Metrics are reorganized to align with aspects of the research process (e.g., research team or source materials). For most metrics, baseline values are suggested to enable researchers to compare their project to competing technologies or standards at their institutions. These refinements are integrated into a tool to facilitate easier understanding and evaluation of justice considerations in early-stage PV research, which can serve as a template for evaluating other energy technologies.Graphical abstract

When Are Carbon Border Adjustment Measures Just?

Arguments in support of carbon border adjustment measures are often based on considerations of justice. Implementing carbon border adjustment measures would be necessary to, first, promote fair competition between corporations and, second, make carbon pricing instruments more effective and thus prevent the harms of dangerous climate change. Yet, both arguments tend to obscure considerations of distributive justice relative to the burdens of climate policies and the benefits of economic cooperation. In this article, we first explain why the case for carbon border adjustment measures based on the ideal of fair competition between corporations is flawed. Second, if the priority of harm avoidance over fair burden-sharing can justify carbon border adjustment measures, we argue that it does not justify all kinds of carbon border adjustment measures. On the contrary, it puts significant constraints on their design. We contend that just carbon border adjustment measures should include design features that allow for some form of carbon leakage risk, either via country-differentiated prices or via country-specific exemptions.

The Demos of the democratic firm

Despite growing interest in workplace democracy, the question whether nonworker stakeholders, like suppliers and local communities, warrant inclusion in the governance of democratic companies, as workers do, has been largely neglected. We inspect this question by leaning on the boundary problem in democratic theory. We first argue that the question of who warrants inclusion in democratic workplaces is best addressed by examining why workplace democracy is warranted in the first place, and offer a twofold normative benchmark—addressing objectionable corporate power and upholding efficiency—to assess the principles of democratic inclusion on offer. Against this benchmark, we next argue that the All-Affected Principle is unfit due to its over- and underinclusive extensional results, and that the All-Subjected Principle, whose variants we examine alongside their extensional results, holds more promise when coupled with independent considerations of justice or a constrained variant of the All-Affected Principle. These combinations need not entirely preclude, but speak against, nonworker stakeholder inclusion.

The intersection of justice and urban greening: Future directions and opportunities for research and practice

The global uptake of green infrastructure in urban settings holds considerable promise for fostering both social and ecological benefits. Recognizing the imperative to ensure equitable distribution of these advantages, this paper draws on the rich traditions of justice considerations within urban studies to inform research on urban greening. Focusing on three key trends - reconceptualizing the 'urban' category, acknowledging the role of historical processes in shaping contemporary uneven and unjust geographies, and considering power dynamics in infrastructure development - we propose five tenets for advancing justice-focused urban greening research. These tenets encourage researchers to act as knowledge brokers, practice reflexivity, recognise the complex dimensions of justice which diversity of scale might reveal, embrace uncertainty, and cultivate a “modest imaginary” concerning infrastructure projects.

Operationalising Progressive Ideas About Property: Resilient Property, Scale, and Systemic Compromise

Property theory is at a crossroads. In recent decades, scholars seeking to advance progressive ideas about property have embraced ‘Progressive Property’ theories that seek to advance the goals of social justice and the common good, offering a vital counter-weight to utilitarian and neo-conservative accounts of property. Progressive Property theories seek to correct an imbalance in American property discourse which—across the temporal scale—has sustained a range of narratives and normative commitments, but which has veered towards extreme acquisitive individualism and the rhetoric of property absolutism since the 1970s. The idea that individual property rights are not absolute but defined by the requirements of social justice is uncontroversial in many European jurisdictions, reflecting their normative foundations in traditions of European social welfarism and Catholic social teaching. In Property Rights and Social Justice: Progressive Property in Action, Walsh foregrounds a system designed for normative hybridity, and evaluates the practical possibility of balancing commitments to social justice within a system that upholds private property rights.
 In this Article, we build on Walsh’s account to consider the implications of her insights for scholars seeking to advance progressive ideas about property in the U.S. context across three registers of scale: rhetorical, jurisdictional, and physical. Applying Resilient Property Theory (“RPT"), we reflect on how the dominance of rhetorical methods in the last half-century has foregrounded ideological conflicts between competing normative commitments in U.S. property scholarship, locating scholars seeking to advance progressive ideas about property on a battleground that has been prepared to benefit others. Building on Walsh’s approach of “widening the doctrinal lens,” we argue that RPT offers a new methodological toolkit for advancing progressive ideas about property: by widening the legal lens; widening the contextual lens; and widening the methodological lens. We argue that each of these approaches, as they engage with material and hierarchical scales, offers opportunities to identify and advocate for compromise positions between respect for private property rights and social justice considerations, enabling active political and legal engagement with normative diversity and respecting and taking seriously different legal conceptions of the good.

Investigating How Social Justice Framing for Assessments Impacts Technical Learning

Multiple studies call for engineering education to integrate social justice into classroom instruction. Yet, there is uncertainty regarding whether integrating these social topics into engineering curriculum will support or detract from the learning of technical concepts. This study focuses on evaluating how reframing technical assessments to include social justice concepts impacts student learning and investigates how well students integrate social justice into engineering decision making. Using a within-subject design, in which students were exposed to both conditions (questions with and without social justice context), we evaluate how social justice framing impacts overall student learning of technical topics. Social justice prompts are added to homework questions, and we assess students’ demonstration of knowledge of original technical content of the course, as well as their ability to consider social justice implications of engineering design. In the earlier homework assignment, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in learning when technical concepts were framed to include social justice. As the students became more familiar with social justice considerations, their learning of technical concepts became comparable to that of students who did not have the social justice components in their assignment. Their evaluation of the social implications of technical decisions also improved. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Transactions on Education Special Issue on DEI in ORMS Classrooms. Funding: This work was supported by the Carnegie Mellon University’s Wimmer Faculty Fellowship and the National Science Foundation [Grant 2053856]. D. Nock also acknowledges support from the Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, where she is an energy fellow. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0030 .

Justice and Housing

AbstractThis article surveys various topics that link questions about housing with considerations of economic justice. Housing has received increasing attention from philosophers within the last decade. In political philosophy, some aspects of a topic attract more attention than others. Presently, philosophical reflection focuses on the value of a home; homelessness; gentrification; segregation; and spatial justice, with a substantial body of literature developing on these interconnected themes. We highlight some of the recent contributions to the field of housing justice while also identifying areas that have received less attention. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of further philosophical exploration into how macroeconomic factors, like fiscal and monetary policy, impact housing justice. Additionally, we advocate for normative approaches that underscore justice issues not readily addressed by frameworks prioritizing human flourishing or relational equality.

AI Ethics

Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics has emerged as a burgeoning yet pivotal area of scholarly research. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the AI ethics literature over the past two decades. The analysis reveals a discernible tripartite progression, characterized by an incubation phase, followed by a subsequent phase focused on imbuing AI with human-like attributes, culminating in a third phase emphasizing the development of human-centric AI systems. After that, they present seven key AI ethics issues, encompassing the Collingridge dilemma, the AI status debate, challenges associated with AI transparency and explainability, privacy protection complications, considerations of justice and fairness, concerns about algocracy and human enfeeblement, and the issue of superintelligence. Finally, they identify two notable research gaps in AI ethics regarding the large ethics model (LEM) and AI identification and extend an invitation for further scholarly research.

Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California.

Extreme heat and wildfire smoke events are increasingly co-occurring in the context of climate change, especially in California. Extreme heat and wildfire smoke may have synergistic effects on population health that vary over space. We leveraged high-resolution satellite and monitoring data to quantify spatially varying compound exposures to extreme heat and wildfire smoke in California (2006-2019) at ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level. We found synergistic effects between extreme heat and wildfire smoke on daily cardiorespiratory hospitalizations at the state level. We also found spatial heterogeneity in such synergistic effects across ZCTAs. Communities with lower education attainment, lower health insurance coverage, lower income, lower proportion of automobile ownership, lower tree canopy coverage, higher population density, and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities experienced higher synergistic effects. This study highlights the need to incorporate compound hazards and environmental justice considerations into evidence-based policy development to protect populations from increasingly prevalent compound hazards.

Equity and Social Justice considerations in road safety work: The case of Vision Zero in New York City

This paper analyses how Vision Zero (VZ) efforts in New York City (NYC) account for equity and social justice implications of road safety work. VZ policy documents, research literature, popular science and opinion articles on road safety work in the city were studied with a prime focus on equity and social justice. Twelve semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in road safety and transport planning in the city and at national level were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of policy design, the adoption process, and the role of equity considerations in the city's road safety work. The results show that major equity and social justice issues arise in the adoption and implementation of VZ. These issues are primarily related to equity and fairness in the distribution of life saving interventions, the socio-economic impacts of road safety strategies, and the nature of community engagement in policy design and implementation. The findings point to a need for VZ practitioners to give due considerations to equity and social justice implications of VZ policies and strategies. Among others, it supports the need for understanding the nature of past equity and social justice problems in road safety and transport planning in the VZ policy design process. Moreover, the findings suggest the need for empirical studies on the socio-economic implications of VZ strategies and interventions.

Should We Pursue Green Economic Growth?

Environmentalists have long claimed it is unjust for the state to prioritize economic interests over environmental ones by sacrificing ecosystem integrity and functioning to unsustainably expand the economy. Recently, mainstream environmentalists have moved to a more conciliatory approach highlighting the common ground between environmental and economic goals. They today claim processes of economic growth and development can be made just if they become green. This paper explores the question: should states pursue “green growth”? Although some critics claim green growth is impossible, I maintain it is. I theorize three conditions that must be met for an instance of growth to be truly considered green. That a development project is green, however, does not automatically ensure it is just. Justice considerations remain in adjudicating the competing interests of different groups of stakeholders. I then examine four reasonable approaches to resolving controversies over the pursuit of green growth: cost-benefit analysis, sufficientarianism, democracy, and pluralism. I conclude a liberal pluralist form of decision-making is best for ensuring fairness.

Reinvestigating social vulnerability from the perspective of Critical Disaster Studies (CDS): directions, opportunities and challenges in Aotearoa disaster research

ABSTRACT This article argues that resilience has been overemphasised in popular and scholarly discourse, while social vulnerability has been comparatively overlooked. We therefore need to shift the focus from resilience and adaptation towards vulnerability and the various structures that engender and maintain systemic inequality and disadvantage. This necessitates a shift from strict hazard management and resilience building to considerations of social justice. People should not have to be resilient to ongoing marginalisation and stigmatisation, and, in focusing on individual resilience, systemic disadvantage is obscured. Disaster scholars here must also reckon with the structural violence of colonisation. Aotearoa New Zealand has a unique hazard profile, and it has unique social infrastructures that can help deal with them. The best disaster mitigation and recovery programmes are inclusive and equity driven. Greater attention to Indigenous Knowledge – Mātauranga Māori – and Indigenous institutions, such as marae and the myriad relationships and connections that such institutions support, might potentially play a crucial role in future disaster mitigation and response. Glossary of Māori words: Aotearoa: New Zealand; Awa: stream, River; Hapū: a division of people, Community; Iwi: tribe; Mātauranga Māori: Indigenous knowledge; Kāinga: home; Manaakitanga: respect and care for others; Marae: communal and sacred facility; Ōtautahi: Christchurch; Raupatu: conquest and confiscation; Rohe: home territory; Rongomau Taketake: Indigenous Rights Governance Partner; Tairāwhiti: Gisborne district; Te Kāhui Tika Tangata: Human Rights Commission; Te Tari Taiwhenua: Department of Internal Affairs; Te Tiriti: The Treaty (of Waitangi); Tiko; Poo; Tino rangatiratanga: self-determination; Tupuna: ancestor; Urupā, Cemetary; Whakapapa: descent, Geneaology, Lineage; Whakawhānaungatanga: the practice of establishing, Maintaining and nurturing relationships; Whenua: land

Advancing equitable stormwater management: A decision support tool integrating best practices for nutrient removal and environmental justice

Stormwater runoff is a significant contributor to nutrient pollution, leading to water quality degradation and ecological imbalances. The management of stormwater runoff and nutrient pollution faces significant challenges due to inadequate assessment tools for evaluating nutrient loads across multiple watersheds at the state level and the absence of an open-source tool that can comprehensively assess the effectiveness of stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) in nutrient removal while incorporating environmental justice (EJ) considerations. To address these challenges, we developed an innovative online statewide tool that identifies areas where BMP planning needs to be prioritized to address environmental disparities resulting from high pollutant loads intersecting with disadvantaged communities, alongside tracking pollutant loads after various BMP implementations. In doing so, we estimated pollutant loads including total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) from urban land use in 1378 HUC-12 watersheds across Florida using EPA's pollutant load estimate tools (PLET), which calculates loads based on factors such as land use, septic systems and wastewater discharge, soil characteristics, and precipitation. To integrate BMP implementation with EJ considerations, a social vulnerability index was developed to identify tiers of sociodemographic disparities using racial/ethnicity metrics (e.g., % black, % Hispanic, etc.) and socioeconomic metrics (e.g., median household income, educational attainment, etc.). We then investigated the effectiveness of 28 urban stormwater BMPs in reducing pollutant loads and estimated post-BMP loads for each watershed. Hotspots of nutrient pollution were primarily identified in coastal areas, with residential land use as the main contributor. Miami-Dade, Broward, and Hillsborough counties had the highest sociodemographic disparities. In addition, central and southern Florida exhibited a disproportionate exposure of disadvantaged communities to pollutant loads. The developed online tool contributes significantly to holistic watershed management by features including visualizing the distribution of nutrient pollution loads across state watersheds, identifying areas with high pollutant loads intersecting with disadvantaged communities, and quantifying pollution load reductions post-BMP implementation. This research promotes equitable outcomes and empowers stakeholders in Florida to adopt sustainable and inclusive practices for water quality improvement.

Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment for Trans Adolescents: A Four Principles Analysis

Gender affirming hormone treatment is an important part of the care of trans adolescents which enables them to develop the secondary sexual characteristics congruent with their identified genders. There is an increasing amount of empirical evidence showing the benefits of gender affirming hormone treatment for psychological health and social well-being in this population. However, in several countries, access to gender affirming hormone treatment for trans adolescents has recently been severely restricted. While much of the opposition to gender affirming hormone treatment for trans adolescents has in part been ideologically motivated, it also reflects a debate about whether there are harms that outweigh the benefits of the treatment. Accordingly, a systematic and comprehensive philosophical analysis of the ethics of gender affirming hormone treatment for trans adolescents is needed. Herein, I offer such an analysis that draws on the four principles of biomedical ethics by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress. Based on the considerations of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, I argue that the provision of access to gender affirming hormone treatment for consenting trans adolescents is ethically required and that the current restrictions to such treatment are ethically wrong.